Giacomo Murato
Giacomo Murato (* around 1563 on Lake Lugano , Switzerland ) a Welsh , imperial stonemason and sculptor of the Renaissance .
Because of his resistance, correspondence arose between Emperor Rudolf II and Abbot Paul Schönebner of the Heiligenkreuz Abbey . In 1617 he became the first carpentry master of the independent quarter store of stonemasons and masons in the imperial quarry .
Live and act
The Kaisersteinbruch master stonemason Alexius Payos took on the young Giacomo Murato from Lake Lugano as an apprentice in 1577 . The work for the Neugebauten Castle dominated the entire quarry, in 1582 he was acquitted as a journeyman .
1590 earthquake
Due to an earthquake on 15./16. September 1590 ( epicenter Neulengbach, Lower Austria.) St. Stephen's Cathedral , Michaelerkirche (collapse of the tower crown), Jesuit and Schottenkirche were badly damaged. Account books and files give evidence of the damage and the effort involved in removing it. ... at St. Michael it threw off the church tower and the iron bars in half and otherwise did great damage to the church ... Master Murato worked here with his journeyman Leonhardt Holzäpfl.
A good in the Kaisersteinbruch
The former teacher Alexius Payos died in January 1591. With his son Ulrich Payos, also a master stonemason, he acquired a stone quarry including house and garden in 1603. This property was subdivided again in 1615, part of which went to the Viennese sculptor Antonius Crivelli .
Letter from Abbot Schönebner to Lower Austria. -Government
... a long time ago a number of stonemasons, at your grace, in my monastery peculiar quarry on the Leithaberg in Wilfleinsdorf , began to break down makeshift items for their majesty's building and now they have their apartment and entertainment, so that it even became a community . As a basic authority, you owe me basic service obedience as well as regular service. Except two, when Giacomo Murato and Anthony Tencalla ... so is my obedient requests, two masons by command hang that they endorse the union due obedience and service . May 1607.
1. Imperial letter
To Giacomo Murato and Antonius Tencalla, both stonemasons on the Leithaberg - Rudolph
Faithful, the honorable clergyman, Our dear devout Abbot Paul Schönebner von Heiligenkreuz, has complained that you undertake to break stones in his closter's peculiar quarry on the Leithaberg in Wilfleinsdorf .. and that you have not yet obeyed as your superior authority should have done. Thereupon command yourselves with seriousness and will that you obey all due obedience to the supplicand. So that the threatened Profos (stick master) against you is not necessary. So you carry out our will and opinion on it . Vienna, December 5, 1607.
2. Imperial letter
Rudolph - Once again our Abbot Paul Schönebner von Heiligenkreuz, ... humbly requested and asked for permission from the professional , stick master. We order you to carry out the previous regulation. Otherwise the coveted professional will be approved and that is our willing will and opinion . Vienna, December 17, 1607.
Request from Murato and Tencalla to the Lower Austrian government
.. how that Mr. Abbot wishes us to make him submissive . So our ancestors , just like we have sat and worked here for 57 years ( note: that means since 1551! ) Including our houses and gardens, completely carefree and unchallenged ... which Your Grace will not allow abbots to do, Considering that the quarry belongs to Her Majesty and not Mr. Abten! May 1608.
The last sentence wasn't true, it was more of a pipe dream. These masters did not want in a Heiligenkreuzer quarry work, they fought from the beginning of the name Ihro Imperial Majesty quarry on Leithaberg .
Imperial document dated March 26, 1614
On September 25, 1609 a comparison was made between the monastery and the masters, the local glory of Kaisersteinbruch came to Lower Austria. - Chamber , but the manorial power to Heiligenkreuz Abbey . In 1614 this was solemnly confirmed by Emperor Matthias in a document. As our stonemasons from Leithaberg, Giacomo Murato, Anthony Tencalla and Stefano Bregno they were described therein .
The new abbot Christoph Schäffer did not agree to this contract, which was highly damaging for the monastery ; on August 1, 1615, he demanded that the Lower Austria government reopen the proceedings. Two doctors of the rights as a commission were imposed to order and conduct the Inquisition (investigation) into the place . According to the available documents, the masters refused to participate and did not appear at court hearings.
Emperor Matthias to Abbot Christoph Schäffer
... against a number of stonemasons in the quarry ... who did not appear, but rather remained disobedient. The subjects were ordered in all seriousness that they should certainly appear at your request. Vienna, December 22, 1615.
Emperor Matthias confirmed a quarter drawer on March 16, 1617
.JPG)
The true importance of the master stonemasons and masons in the imperial quarry on Leithaberg, the quality of the stone and their work, became apparent through this privilege . The brotherhood of the Kaisersteinbrucher Masters was founded. The main draw was the craft of Wiener Neustadt .
Some articles of the Kaisersteinbrucher order (small excerpt)
- Whoever has managed a building has to be liable for the same for a year….
- A master should only have ONE apprentice, the mason 3, the stonemason 5 years apprenticeship ...
The Steinbruch masters immediately demand the right to be allowed to take on TWO apprentices - because bemelter Bruch is far from a town or town, and an apprentice with such a constitution, because he has to be used every day for all kinds of victims and other things, doesn't know anything or could learn . They received this special permit, which is later also required by others.
The masters of the Kaisersteinbruch stonemasonry
After the approval of an independent quarter drawer in the imperial quarry on Leithaberg, Giacomo Murato was elected first Zechmeister (quarter master ). His co-masters during these years were Pietro di Magistri, Leonhardt Holzäpfl , Nicola di Novo, Andre Ruffini , Ulrich Payos, Antonius Bregno , Antonius Crivelli and Antonius Tencalla .
Archival material
- Heiligenkreuz Abbey Archive, Section 51 Kaisersteinbruch, Letters, Imperial Certificate from 1614
- City archive Wiener Neustadt , stonemason files, master book from 1617
- Lower Austria State Archives , State Files B. 9/24
- Burgenland State Archives
literature
- Harald Prickler , On the history of Kaisersteinbruch , 1961
- Harald Prickler, Kaisersteinbruch - From the history of an Italian artist colony , 1998.
- Heinrich Berg, The earthquake of 1590 , in Wiener Geschichts-Blätter, No. 3, 1990
- Alois Kieslinger , The building of St. Michael in Vienna and its history, a. a. Earthquake 1590 , special print from the yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna , Vol. 10, 1952/53.
- Helmuth Furch , From Heiligenkreuzer Steinbruch to Kaisersteinbruch , pp. 20-23, 1981. ISBN 978-3-9504555-0-2 .
- Documents from the 16th century in the imperial quarry on Leithaberg, Giacomo Murato . In: Helmuth Furch, Mitteilungen des Museums- und Kulturverein Kaisersteinbruch , No. 27, pp. 10-11, June 1993. ISBN 978-3-9504555-3-3 .
- Harald Prickler, Die Komasken - Italian Artists in Burgenland , No. 36, pp. 5-9, February 1995
- Helmuth Furch, Historisches Lexikon Kaisersteinbruch , 2 vols. 2002–2004. ISBN 978-3-9504555-8-8 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Murato, Giacomo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss-Austrian court stone mason of the Renaissance |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1563 |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 1617 |