Giovanni D'Orlandi

Giovanni D'Orlandi (born October 1, 1917 in Alexandria , † September 25, 1973 in Athens ) was an Italian diplomat .

Life

He was a seasoned ambassador who worked in close coordination with Amintore Fanfani , a passionate Catholic who taught intermittently at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore .

Diplomatic career

1939 graduated in law at the University of La Sapienza from. In 1940 he entered the foreign service, he was captured by the British while on a merchant ship that was intercepted and interned in India until 1946 . After the war he returned to Italy, where he worked in the Foreign Ministry from 1948. In 1950 he was Vice Consul at Agen in France and was then transferred to the Permanent Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development , where he chaired the Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls until 1957 . In 1958 he was the office manager of the minister for state-owned enterprises and shares. From 1959 to 1962 he headed the Southeast Asia department .

He has been appointed ambassador to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos . On July 17, 1962 he arrived in Saigon , where he was ambassador until April 4, 1967 and after three years doyen of the diplomatic corps. His first class delegation secretary was Mario Sica whom he had met as a student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. In Saigon he frequented Catholic circles, one of which was Mario Acquistapace. D'Orlandi admired the work of Salvatore Asta who was appointed Titular Archbishop of Aureliopolis in Lydia and Apostolic Delegate in Indochina from October 13, 1962 to March 23, 1964 by John XXIII , who opposed the identification of the Vietnamese Church with the regime of the Catholic Ngô Đình Diệm was. The Holy See had given Salvatore Asta a mandate to prefer the so-called Diem solution without Madame Nhu , with the expected removal of Ngô Đình Nhu from his unofficial position of power, as described in DepTel 243 as the position of Kennedy's cabinet . Paul VI too . had concrete political ideas for Vietnam which he announced in the peace calls to the parties involved. D'Orlandi is described as a passionate Catholic who worked in good coordination with the Amintore Fanfani .

D'Orlandi's diary was published posthumously on these events. In his presentation he goes into detail on concepts of how the government of the Catholic Ngô Đình Diệm was intended to be dealt with in the sense of anti-communism. In practice, he was most of the time a representative of the regime accredited by Dương Văn Minh , who overthrew Diem on behalf of the Kennedy cabinet and, as the official version, made the Catholic Diem commit suicide in the cathedral of Saigon. US Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, who staged the Ngô Đình Diệm fall as commissioned, appreciated Giovanni D'Orlandi's professionalism.

Operation Marigold

Until December 14, 1966, he brokered Operation Marigold between the Polish diplomat Janusz Lewandowski (1931-2013) , a member of the International Control Commission, and Henry Cabot Lodge junior . In this literal Operation Marigold , the US ambassador to Poland John A. Gronouski was supposed to find solutions to the armed conflict in Warsaw with the Vietnamese ambassador in Prague Phần Vào Sự . About a year and a half before the start of the negotiations leading to the Paris Treaty (1973) in May 1968 . The Vietnam War , or at least the massive direct military involvement of the USA, would have ended earlier, the number of GIs who perished during the war would have remained at 6,250 and not increased to over 58,000, with correspondingly significant losses for the military-industrial complex . An interruption of the carpet bombing on Hanoi during the time Lewandowski's mission was there in late November, as part of a 37-day ceasefire by the US armed forces, is interpreted as a goodwill of the Lyndon B. Johnson cabinet .

From January 1967 to January 1968 he met in Prague with the North Vietnamese Ambassador in Prague Phan Van Su.

On April 4, 1967, he returned to Rome for health reasons and became Inspector General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Italian ambassador to the colonels in Athens

From November 1968 he was ambassador to Athens at the time of the Greek military dictatorship , he died in office of a blood disease which he had contracted during his internment in India and which had worsened during his stay in Saigon.

plant

• Diario vietnamita 1962–1968 [Vietnamese Journal 1962–1968], Edizione Trentagiorni Società Cooperativa, Rome, 2006, pp. 976., 2006.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Janusz Lewandowski (born March 10, 1931 in Warsaw; August 13, 2013) see The New York Times , September 3, 2013, [1]
2. ↑ James Hershberg, Marigold: The Lost Chance for Peace in Vietnam, p. 332
3. ↑ Kent Sieg, David S. Patterson, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, v. 6: Vietnam, January - August 1968, United States. Department of State, p. 248
4. ↑ Edited by Spencer C. Tucker, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military, p. 1577

predecessor	Office	successor
	Italian Ambassador in Saigon July 17, 1962 to April 4, 1967	Leopoldo Ferri Giacomo De Maria Lazara Nov 19, 1988 to Sep 1. 1992: Maurizio Teucci Gianluigi Pasquinelli Mario Vittorio Zamboni Salerano 2000–2004: Luigi Solari (diplomat)
Mario Conti	Italian Ambassador to Greece November 1968 to September 25, 1973	Luigi Valdettaro della Rocchetta