Giovanni de Macque

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Giovanni de Macque or Jean de Macque (* around 1548 in Valenciennes , † September 1614 in Naples ) was a Franco-Flemish composer , organist and conductor of the late Renaissance . Since he spent most of his life in Italy, he was and is internationally known primarily by his Italianized first name Giovanni.

Live and act

De Macque was trained as a boy choir at the court orchestra in Vienna . After his voice broke at the end of 1563, he continued his education at the Jesuit College in Vienna . The religious there helped him to stay in Rome . In a later publication (1576) he referred to Philippe de Monte , who was in Rome at that time, as his teacher. In a collective print with madrigals by Roman composers, which appeared here in 1574, his name is also included. In 1576 de Macque dedicated his first own collection of madrigals to the judge at the papal court, Serafino Oliviero Razzali, who presumably had given him special support. From October 1, 1580 to September 21, 1581 the composer worked as an organist at the Roman church of San Luigi dei Francesi . Through his musical contributions in several collective prints, a connection was established with the “Compagnia dei musici di Roma”, a composers' association led by Luca Marenzio , to which Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina , Giovanni Maria Nanino , Francesco Soriano and Felice Anerio also belonged. Other surviving evidence suggests that he may have written compositions for the brotherhood at the Church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini and for the devotions of the Oratorians .

In 1585 Giovanni de Macque entered the service of the Prince of Venosa, Fabrizio Gesualdo, father of Don Carlo Gesualdo , in Naples . From this position a lasting and beneficial relationship developed for the composer. In the following years, as can be seen from the correspondence he received, he planned his further advancement very carefully. After a temporary stay in Rome in 1589, he got the post of second organist at the Church of Santissima Annunziata in Naples in May 1590 . Two years later he married Isabella Tonto; The prenuptial agreement also contained the clause that he was not allowed to leave Naples. In 1594 he took over the position of the orchestra organist in the court orchestra of the Viceroy of Naples and in 1599 he succeeded Bartolomeo Roy as conductor of the court orchestra. His previous employer had his third madrigal book printed in 1597. His students included the band organists Giovanni Maria Trabaci and Ascanio Mayone , as well as the composers Andrea Falconieri , Donato Montella and Luigi Rossi .

meaning

Giovanni de Macque was one of the last important Franco-Flemish masters who lived and worked in Italy. In his numerous madrigals, based on contemporary Italian tradition, he developed an unmistakably independent style; here he uses unusual dissonance techniques and later deliberately allows irregular vocal progressions to come into play in his compositional technique in order to give the genre madrigal a new expression. In addition, he was apparently the first to apply the madrigaletto type , in which he enriched the madrigal style with elements of the canzonette . The tradition of de Macque's music for keyboard instruments goes back to his closest circle of students and has caused a sensation in many pieces due to the unusual experimental use of chromatics and dissonances; These include in particular his Capricietto , the Durezze e ligature , the Consonance stravaganti and also the Toccata a modo di trombetta .

Works

  • Sacred vocal music
    • "Motectorum quinque, sex et octo vocum, liber primus", Venice 1576
    • 1 motet for five voices
    • 5 psalms
    • 3 antiphons
    • 1 litany of eight and twelve votes
  • Secular vocal music
    • "Il primo libro de madrigali a sei voci", Venice 1576
    • "Madrigali a quattro, a cinque et sei voci", Venice 1579
    • "Madrigaletti et Napolitane a sei voci", Venice 1581
    • “Secondo libro di madrigaletti et napolitane a sei voci”, Venice 1582
    • "Il primo libro de madrigali a quattro voci", Venice 1586
    • "Il secondo libro de madrigali a cinque voci", Venice 1587
    • "Il secondo libro de madrigali a sei voci", Venice 1589
    • "Il terzo libro de madrigali a cinque voci", Ferrara 1597
    • "Il quarto libro de madrigali a cinque voci", Naples 1599
    • "Il terzo libro de madrigali a quattro voci", Naples 1610
    • “Il sesto libro de madrigali a cinque voci”, Venice 1613
    • 18 madrigals of four to six voices, published several times between 1574 and 1609
    • 9 “Canzonette spirituali” and “Laudi” with three to four voices, 1595
    • 4 “Canzonette” with three voices, 1595
    • 1 chanson for five voices, 1597
  • Instrumental music
    • "Ricercare et Canzoni francese a quattro voci", Rome 1586
    • “Secondo libro de ricercari” with four voices, lost
    • 4 “Canzoni alla francese”, 1617
    • 12 Ricercari, not specified
    • 12 Ricercari (initially ascribed to Palestrina, but probably by de Macque)
    • "Ricercare sexti toni"
    • "Capriccio sopra re fa mi sol"
    • "Capricietto"
    • "Canzon chiamate le sue sorella"
    • "Great, seconda canzon"
    • "Prime Stravaganze" with two variants
    • "Seconde Stravaganze"
    • "Toccata a modo di trombetta"
    • "Partite sopra Rogiero"
    • "Great, Seconda Gagliarda"
    • "Nasce la pena mia passagiato per la viola bastarda", incomplete
    • "Capriccio sopra un Sogetto"
    • "Capriccio sopra tre Sogetti"
    • "Canzona francese"
    • "Durezze e ligature"
    • "Consonance stravaganti"

Literature (selection)

Entry in the Musical Lexicon (1732)
  • U. Prota-Giurleo: Note sul musicista belga Jean de Macque , in the Liège Congress report 1930
  • Alfred Einstein : The Italian Madrigal 2 , Princeton (New Jersey) 1949, reprint 1970, German Zurich 1952
  • S. Clercx: Jean de Macque et l'évolution du madrigalisme à la fin du 16 e siècle. In: Festschrift for Joseph Schmidt-Görg, edited by D. Weise, Bonn 1957, pages 66–80
  • WR Shindle: The Madrigals of Giovanni de Macque , 4 volumes, dissertation at Indiana University Bloomington 1970
  • LB Andersen: Giovanni de Macque of Valenciennes and the Evolution of Polyphonic Music in Naples at the End of the Sixteenth Century , dissertation at the University of Liège 1970
  • C. Sartori: Madrigali del Passerini e Ricercari di de Macque e Gesualdo. In: Quadrivium No. 14, 1973, pages 181-186
  • F. Lippmann: Giovanni de Macque tra Roma e Napoli. Nuovi documenti. In: Rivista Italiana di Musicologia No. 13, 1978, pages 243-279
  • A. Silbiger: Italian Manuscript Sources of Seventeenth-Century Keyboard Music , Ann Arbor 1980
  • KA Larson: The Unaccompanied Madrigal in Naples from 1536–1654 , dissertation at Harvard University 1985
  • F. Wiering: The Ricercars of Macque and Trabaci: a Case of Music Competition ?. In: Muziek & Wetenschap No. 2, 1992, pages 179-200
  • J. Steele: Madrigal by Committee: "Mentre ti fui sì grato". In: Festschrift Chr.-H. Mahling, 2 volumes, edited by A. Beer / K. Pfarr / W. Ruf, Tutzing 1997, pages 1315–1328 (= Mainz Studies in Musicology 37.2)

Web links

swell

  1. ^ Gunther Morche :  Macque, Giovanni de. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 11 (Lesage - Menuhin). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  2. ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 5: Köth - Mystical Chord. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-451-18055-3 .
personal data
SURNAME Macque, Giovanni de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Macque, Jean de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Franco-Flemish composer and organist of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH around 1548
PLACE OF BIRTH Valenciennes
DATE OF DEATH September 1614
Place of death Naples