Santissima Annunziata Maggiore (Naples)
| Basilica della Santissima Annunziata Maggiore Casa dell'Annunziata Maggiore Santissima Annunziata Annunziata Maggiore
|
|
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Annunciation |
| Address: | Via dell'Annunziata, Naples |
Coordinates: 40 ° 30 ′ 37.5 ″ N , 14 ° 9 ′ 19.5 ″ E
Santissima Annunziata Maggiore (alternative names : Casa dell'Annunziata Maggiore , Santissima Annunziata , Annunziata Maggiore ) is the name of a basilica and a historically significant religious building complex in Naples , located in the Pendino district near Forcella, in the historic center of the city. Santissima Annunziata means "Most Holy Annunciation (Mary)".
History of the Real Casa dell'Annunziata of Naples
Today's basilica is part of a huge monumental building complex, which originally included the church, a hospital , a monastery , an orphanage (called “ conservatorio ”) for foundlings and a boarding school . Poor girls or those who had no families were taken in and brought up here; in order to be able to marry, they also received a small dowry .
The institution was supported by the Congregazione della Santissima Annunziata , founded in 1318 , and was under the protection of the kings of Naples. 1343 gave her Queen Sancha of Aragon (1285-1345), wife of Robert of Anjou , the legal title Real Casa dell'Annunziata (Royal House of Annunciation).
The congregation was supported by aristocratic Neapolitan families, was rich and lasted until the mid-19th century. In 1584 the directors of the Casa della Santissima Annunziata also founded a bank ( Banco di Ave Gratia Plena (AGP) or Banco della Santissima Annunziata ), which was the second most important credit bank in Naples after that of Monte di Pietà .
Several important musicians worked in the chapel of Santissima Annunziata at the end of the 16th century: Giovanni de Macque , Giovanni Maria Trabaci and Ascanio Mayone , all of whom played an important role in the history of keyboard music; Kapellmeister was Camillo Lambardi , and later in the 17th and 18th centuries a. a. Giovanni Maria Sabino , Gennaro Ursino and Gennaro Manna .
Over the centuries, the buildings have been redesigned several times: One of the buildings still houses a women's and children's clinic , which, according to an inscription in the inner courtyard , was restored by the Bourbons in the middle of the 18th century .
The ruota degli esposti
In Via dell'Annunziata, to the left of the 16th century entrance arch, you can still see the small door to the rotating drawer into which the abandoned babies were placed (see: Baby flap ). They were often abandoned by their mothers out of poverty or because they were born out of wedlock. The device including the “wheel” ( ruota ) was recently restored and can be viewed.
In Italy foundlings were often given names such as Esposito ("abandoned"), degli Esposti ("abandoned") etc. - names that are still common today. From the 16th century, there were registers in which the day and time of the "arrival" of a child, as well as his age, his characteristics and other distinguishing features were entered - e. B. clothes, letters or small gifts. Sometimes it was a piece of a coin or a picture: those who abandoned a child sometimes thought that later, in happier times, they might be able to recognize it and eat it again. Most of the time, however, the children arrived covered with only a few rags.
The Santissima Annunziata baby shop closed in 1875, but for years children were abandoned on the steps of the church at night.
The Basilica
The first church was built by the Anjou in the 13th century .
From 1513, however, it was completely rebuilt and enlarged. Construction management was in the hands of Ferdinando Manlio in 1540 .
In 1757 the church was almost completely destroyed by a great fire. The reconstruction was entrusted to Luigi Vanvitelli , who incorporated the remains from the 16th century into the new building. However, he was unable to complete the work himself; his son Carlo continued it.
The building was badly damaged in the Second World War and later had to undergo a complex restoration , which extended to both the exterior and the interior.
description
The new building in the 18th century gave the church a late Baroque- Classical appearance. The facade is slightly concave and adorned with two rows of columns in a classic order . To the left of the church is the 16th century campanile .
The single-nave interior is almost entirely white and gray, and is based on a Latin cross with six side chapels - three on each side. Despite a certain coolness, it is considered one of Vanvitelli's most beautiful spatial creations and is rhythmized by 44 columns of Corinthian order. The way the side chapels are framed by the mighty columns is reminiscent of the chapel of the Palace of Caserta , also the work of Luigi Vanvitelli. The dome was built by Carlo Vanvitelli and reaches a height of 67 m.
Some rooms that escaped the devastation caused by the fire of 1757 are particularly worth seeing: the Cappella Carafa , whose marble decor was created between 1623 and 1626 by Jacopo Lazzari (approx. 1574–1640) and Antonio Galluccio (active 1603–1633); and the Cappella del Tesoro (Treasure Chapel), built by Giovan Battista Cavagna at the end of the 16th century to house relics of the Saints of Lesina , who came here as a gift from Margherita di Durazzo in 1411. The tomb of Francesco Nomicisio from Tropea (Lesina), who died in Naples in 1507 after 24 years of reign, and was buried in the basilica because he was its rector, has survived from the Renaissance . In the first chapel on the right there is also the tomb of Francesco Mariconda, the riding instructor of Philip IV of Spain, who died in 1626; the sculptor was Giuliano Finelli (approx. 1601 / 2–1653).
One of the few remains from the first medieval church is the so-called Madonna de Repentiti (Madonna of the penitent ) from the 14th century in the third chapel on the left. It was carved out of a single tree trunk and shows the Virgin Mary on the throne with the blessing Child Jesus on her lap - in the form of the sedes sapientiae . The people affectionately call her " Mamma Chiatta ", alluding to a great mother ( mamma ) who takes in all the children abandoned in the adjoining hospital. They were given a small lead medallion around their necks with the Madonna depicted on one side.
The sacristy was frescoed by Belisario Corenzio and workshop from 1605–1607 . a. Stories from the Old Testament , in the center of the ceiling the vision of St. John on Patmos . The furniture consists of richly carved choir stalls created by Giovanni da Nola , Salvatore Caccavello, Girolamo D'Auria and Nunzio Ferraro.
- Views of the sacristy
Sacristy of SS Annunziata Maggiore with frescoes by Belisario Corenzio
Frescoes of the sacristy seen from the entrance
Side wall of the sacristy with richly carved choir stalls and frescoes by Corenzio
.jpg)
.jpg)
The lower church
Vanvitelli created a second lower church under the actual church space , the so-called succorpo dell'Annunziata , in order to enable religious ceremonies also during the reconstruction phase; this is independent of the upper church, but is located below the dome.
Access to the lower church is provided by two diametrically opposed entrances. It is an architecturally very special space, half underground, over a round floor plan, which is emphasized by an inner circle of eight Tuscan columns that support the low vault. Vanvitelli had some of the sculptures that survived the great fire set up in six altar niches , including a Madonna and Child by Domenico Gagini, a baptism of Jesus by Andrea Ferrucci (1507) and works by Francesco Pagano from the 17th century.
See also
literature
- Ida Maietta & Angelo Vanacore: L'Annunziata: la Chiesa e la Santa Casa , Castellammare di Stabia: Eidos, 1997. ISBN 88-8090-087-0 (Italian)
Web links
- Official website of the parish of the Basilica dell'Annunziata Maggiore, Naples , accessed October 6, 2018 (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Another Real Casa Santa della Santissima Annunziata with the same philanthropic goals was founded in Aversa at the beginning of the 15th century , and was a foundation of Giovanna II d'Angiò (today the seat of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Università Seconda of Naples). Further "Annunziate" were founded in various other cities of the Kingdom of Naples. These congregations (brotherhoods) were founded and administered by laypeople, albeit for charitable purposes.
- ↑ The music in past and present (MGG), personal part, volume 11, Bärenreiter and Metzler, Kassel and Basel 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7
- ↑ a b Dinko Fabris: Trabaci, Giovanni Maria. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 16. Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7 , Sp. 988-990, here: 988.
- ↑ Thomas Synofzik: Mayone, Ascanio. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 11. Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1121-7 , Sp. 1396-1397
- ↑ Information about the right side chapels on the website of SS. Annunziata, Naples: Cappelle della navata destra , accessed on October 6, 2018 (Italian)
- ↑ Information about the left side chapels on the SS. Annunziata website: Cappelle della navata sinistra , accessed on October 6, 2018 (Italian)
- ↑ Information about the sacristy on the SS. Annunziata website: La sacrestia , viewed October 6, 2018 (Italian)
- ↑ Annunziatamaggiore.it