Girolamo Graziani

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Benedetto Gennari, Portrait of Girolamo Graziani

Girolamo Graziani (born October 1, 1604 in Pergola , † September 11, 1675 in Pergola ) was an Italian poet at the court of the Este , first secretary of the Duke of Mantua and served the Este as a diplomat. He was also the author of epics and panegyries .

Life

Girolamo Graziani was born as the son of Antonio Graziani, who worked in Ferrara as an auditor for the Rota Romana (not to be equated with the Uditore in papal diplomacy). In May 1619 Antonio Graziani got a job as bailiff in Modena, which is why the family moved there.

Girolamo received lessons in literary studies as a child and began to write poetry himself at an early age. At the age of sixteen he published his first volume of poetry in Parma , Rime , which he dedicated to Prince Federico Ubaldo della Rovere . The volume, published in 1621, contains 106 sonnets , two of which are dedicated to the actress Orsola Posmoni , who performed for the Compagnia degli Accesi under the name Flaminia. The volume of poems also includes an epithalamium for the wedding of Federico Ubaldo della Rovere with Claudia de 'Medici entitled Il bagno di Venere and two panegyries, one of which is Giulia d'Este and the other Alfonso III. d'Este is dedicated.

According to Philipp H. Külb and Charles Dudley Warner , Graziani completed his studies in Bologna and Padua , whereby Külb speaks of a degree in history and the fine arts ( belle arti ). The historian Fabio Tarzia contrasts this with studying law and literature in the cities of Parma and Bologna, between which Graziani is said to have commuted during his student days. Graziani's curriculum vitae, which is included in an edition of the Conquisto di Granata from 1835, names Parma and Bologna as the poet's places of study.

After completing his studies, he was able to successfully publish his first smaller poems. With his first epic, "Cleopatra", which he published at the age of 22, he attracted the attention of Francesco I d'Este , Duke of Modena , who appointed him to his court. In 1637 he appointed him his secretary and gave him the county of Sarzano, a rich domain in the Duchy of Reggio . Under the patronage of his patron, Graziani was able to devote himself entirely to poetry. Most of his works date from the Modena period .

His second epic treats the conquest of Granada in 26 songs (Il conquisto di Granada. Modena 1650. 4. Paris 1654. 12. 2 Voll. Bologna 1672. 4. Venetia 1789. 8. 2 Voll. Also in the Parnasso italiano, Tom 38 et 39) although some prefer it to Cleopatra because of the well-designed plan, which, however , is borrowed from Mendoza's epic Las guerras de Granada. The Cromwell tragedy (Il Cromuele, tragedia. Bologna 1671. 4.), which has long been regarded as a masterpiece because of the truth of the characters and because of the strict observation of the rules of art, appears to us to be a meticulous and rigid work of art. He also wrote songs, sonnets , madrigals and poems, which were printed in the book Varie poesie 1662 in Modena.

In 1655 Graziani made a trip to France and during his stay wrote in a panegyric poem to Cardinal Jules Mazarin : Il Colosso (Paris 1656 fol.) Louis XIV was also an addressee of his panegyric. He then returned to Italy. Because of an illness he left the court of Modena and retired to his homeland, where he died on September 10, 1675.

Graziani was a member of the Accademia dei Gelati in Bologna, the Accademia degli Incogniti in Venice and the Accademia della Crusca in Florence.

Publications (selection)

La Cleopatra (1632)
  • Rime di Girolamo Graziani della Pergola. Al Sereniss, Sig. e Padrone il sig.re Principe di Urbino , Parma, Anteo Viotti, 1621
  • L'Iride, per le nozze serenissime di Maria Farnese Principessa di Parma e Francesco d'Este Duca di Modena. Canzone . Reggio, Flaminio Bartoli, 1631
  • La Cleopatra. Poema in 13 Canti . Venezia, Sarzina, 1632
  • La Calisto. Panegirico in sesta rima alle glorie di Cristina regina di Svezia. Parigi, Agostino Courbé, 1644
  • Nelle Nozze di Margherita d'Este e di Fernando Gonzaga Duchi di Guastalla. Canzone . Modena, Soliani, 1647
  • Lo Specchio della Gloria nelle Nozze de i Serenissimi Principi Francesco D'Este e Vittoria Farnese Duchi di Modana. Epitalamio del Sig. Girolamo Gratiani Segretario di SA Serenissima. Sestine. Modena, Cassiani, 1648
  • Il Conquisto di Granata. Poema in 26 Canti cogli argomenti di Flaminio Calvi . Modena, Soliani, 1650
    • First German translation: Girolamo Graziani: The Conquest of Granada, an epic poem in four and twenty songs based on the Italian by Hieronymus Graziani . tape 1 . Heinrich Haubenstricker, Nuremberg 1834 ( google.it - Italian: Il Conquisto di Granata. Poema in XXVI Canti . Translated by Christian Martin Winterling).
  • La Gara delle Stagioni. Torneo a cavallo, rappresentato in Modena nel passaggio de 'Sereniss. Arciduchi Ferdinando Carlo, Sigismondo Francesco d'Austria, ed Arciduchessa Anna di Toscana . Modena, Cassiani, 1652
  • Il Colosso Sacro. All Glorie del Card. Mazzarino. Panegirico in Sesta Rima . Parigi, Stamperia reale, 1655
  • Breve e sincerissima informazione di quanto è successo negli emergenti ultimamente occorsi per l'invasione seguita delle Armi Spagnuole ne 'Stati del Duca di Modena . Modena, Cassiani, 1655
  • Apologia dell'Informazione pubblicata dal Segretario del Duca di Modena dopo la ritirata dell'Armi Spagnuole dall'invasione de 'Stati di SAS. Opera curiosa ed elegant di un Cittadino Modenese. E per maggiore comodità e soddisfazione de 'lettori si è qui inserita l'informazione suddetta. s. l. [Modena], s. s. [Cassiani?], 1655
  • The Trionfo della Virtù. Festa d'Armi a Cavallo rappre-sentata nella nascita del Serenissimo Principe di Modena . Modena, Soliani, 1660
  • Varie Poesie e Prose , Modena, Soliani, 1662.
  • L'Ercole Gallico. All Glorie della Sacratissima Maestà del re Cristianissim. Luigi XIV. Panegirico in Sesta Rima . Modena, Soliani, 1666
  • Il Cromuele. Tragedia . Bologna, Manolessi, 1671
  • Applause profetico alle Glorie del re Cristianissimo Luigi XIV. Panegirico in Sesta Rima . Modena, Soliani, 1673

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diritti della Città di Modena [...]. Soliani, Modena 1827, p. 54 note.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Fabio Tarzia:  Graziani, Girolamo. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 58:  Gonzales-Graziani. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2002.
  3. ^ Graziani, Girolamo . In: Charles Dudley Warner (Ed.): A Library of the World's Best Literature . tape 42 : Dictionary of Authors (AJ). Cosimo Classics, New York 2008, ISBN 978-1-60520-248-8 , pp. 231 ( google.at ).
  4. ↑ Philip H. Külb: GRAZIANI (Girolamo) . In: Johann Samuelersch , Johann Gottfried Gruber (Hrsg.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . First section. AG. tape 88 : Grant - Greding. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1868, p. 421 ( uni-goettingen.de ).
  5. ^ Girolamo Graziani: Il conquisto di Granata . Giuseppe Antonelli, Venice 1835, p. 10 ( archive.org ).
  6. ^ Giovan Francesco Loredano: Le Glorie degli Incogniti . Venezia, Valvasense, 1647, p. 272.
  7. ^ Accademia della Crusca, Catalogo degli accademici , accessed June 11, 2020
personal data
SURNAME Graziani, Girolamo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian poet and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1604
PLACE OF BIRTH pergola
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1675
Place of death pergola