Common Siegwurz

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Common Siegwurz
Gladiolus communis.jpg

Common Siegwurz ( Gladiolus communis )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Iris family (Iridaceae)
Genre : Gladiolus ( Gladiolus )
Type : Common Siegwurz
Scientific name
Gladiolus communis
L.

The Gladiolus communis ( Gladiolus communis ) is a flowering plant from the genus of gladiolus ( Gladiolus ) in the family of the Iridaceae (Iridaceae).

features

Capsule fruits

The common Siegwurz is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 0.5 to 1 m. As a perennial organ, this geophyte forms tubers with a diameter of about 20 mm. The stem is unbranched. The leaves are alternate and distributed in two rows on the stem. The simple, long, sword-shaped, parallel- veined leaves are about 10 to 70 centimeters long and 0.5 to 2.2 centimeters wide. The leaf margin is smooth.

Terminal, branched or unbranched, spike-like inflorescences are formed that contain bracts and about 10 to 20 flowers. The sessile, hermaphrodite, threefold flowers are zygomorphic . The flower tube is about 10 to 12 mm long. There are two circles with three different bloom bracts each, they are reddish purple, the three outer bracts have a white stripe in the middle. There is only the inner circle with three free, fertile stamens , because they are opposite the outer bracts. The stamens have a length of 12 to 15 mm and the anthers are 10 to 13 mm long. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. The stylus ends in three pits. The flowering period usually extends from June to July, sometimes it begins in May or lasts until October.

The triple capsule fruit has a length of 18 to 24 mm and contains many seeds. The wide-winged seeds have a diameter of 4 to 6 mm.

Related species

Flower of Gladiolus × Byzantinus

Gladiolus communis and Gladiolus × byzantinus were often considered to be subspecies of a species. Gladiolus × byzantinus Mill. Is the hybrid between Gladiolus dubius and Gladiolus italicus . The differences are:

  • Gladiolus communis subsp. communis :

The leaves are 30 to 50 inches long and 0.5 to 1.5 inches wide. The annual inflorescence often has 2 to 3 side branches. The lower leaf sheaths are green or pink-veined. The lower perigone lobes are more or less the same, 30 to 40 millimeters long, 10 to 20 millimeters wide and often purple-pink. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 120. It occurs in the western and central Mediterranean region, in the Crimea and in the Caucasus. In North America it is a neophyte. In southern Germany it then thrives in moor meadows as a character species of the Molinion Association.

  • Gladiolus × byzantinus Mill. (Syn .: Gladiolus communis subsp. Byzantinus (Mill.) APHam. ):

The leaves are 30 to 70 inches long and 0.8 to 2.2 inches wide. The basal leaf sheaths are often dark red nerved. The annual inflorescence often has one or two side branches. The lower perigone lobes are different, the middle one is wider, longer and has a white central point. They are 30 to 45 millimeters long, 15 to 25 millimeters wide and purple-red. The chromosome number is 2n = 90 or 120. It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Sicily and Crete. It thrives in dwarf palm bushes and grain fields.

use

The common Siegwurz was a widespread ornamental plant until the first half of the 19th century , but was then replaced by garden gladioli ( Gladiolus × hortulanus hybrids). It was also used as a medicinal plant in the past. Today it is rarely cultivated.

supporting documents

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  2. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gladiolus communis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  143 .
  4. ^ Tropicos. [2]

Web links

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