Bald Madonna
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| Bald Madonna |
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| Master of Hohenfurth (presumed) , around 1350 |
| Canvas on poplar wood |
| 187.8 x 96.4 cm |
| Gemäldegalerie Berlin |
The Glatzer Madonna (also Throne Madonna , Kladská madona in Czech ) is a panel that was donated by the first Archbishop of Prague , Ernst von Pardubitz, around 1350 to the Augustinian Canons in Glatz . It comes from the Bohemian School of Painting and was probably created by the master of Hohenfurth . Together with the Madonna with the sparrow , it is one of the most important Gothic portraits of Mary in the former County of Glatz .
description
The picture, painted on poplar wood, depicts the Madonna Enthroned with the Child. Mary sits on the Gothic throne in front of a gold background. With her right hand she grasps the child sitting on her lap, in her left hand she holds a lily scepter. An orb lies next to it on her lap. Her head is tilted to the right and her gaze goes beyond the picture space to the right.
The founder Ernst von Pardubitz is also shown in the painting. He kneels in front of the throne on a smaller scale at the lower left. He has put all the insignia of his religious dignity in front of the Madonna and looks up at her. There are also seven angel figures on the board. Two of them hold up a precious, gold-decorated cloth behind the throne, the angel above the Madonna puts the crown of Mary on her, the two angels on the right and left each swing a censer . The angel on the right in the lower row hands her an orb and the angel on the left points to the kneeling donor.
According to the "Vita Venerabilis Arnesti" written by the Jesuit Bohuslav Balbín in 1664, the panel painting originally included four smaller side panels depicting the birth of Christ , the circumcision of the Lord , the flight into Egypt and the twelve-year-old Jesus in the temple . The image must have been cropped both on the right and left.
Provenance and history of the picture
The panel painting was commissioned by the first Archbishop of Prague, Ernst ( Arnestus ) von Pardubitz, who was a great admirer of the Virgin Mary. As a child he is said to have had an apparition of Mary in the parish church in Glatz , which he wrote down shortly before his death. Presumably for this reason he had founded an Augustinian canon monastery in Glatz before 1350, which he provided financially with his brothers Smil and Wilhelm von Pardubitz .
In 1595 the Augustinian monastery was handed over to the Jesuits by papal decree. They converted the monastery into a college , but were expelled from Glatz in 1618. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the former Augustinian monastery was destroyed during the fighting for Glatz in 1622 and not rebuilt. Until the monastery was destroyed, the picture adorned the main altar of the monastery church, consecrated in honor of the Annunciation , which was also known as the "Thumkirche". The image of the Madonna was given to the Lutheran nobleman Adrian von Eckersdorf auf Labitsch by the then castle captain Johann Georg Semling , who had requested it from him and hid it in a house in Frankenstein . After the siege of Glatz and the victory of the imperial family , it was brought from there to the Glatz parish church of the Assumption on November 11, 1625 , where the Jesuits who had returned in 1624 had taken on pastoral care again and subsequently set up a college. The picture later found its place on the south side wall of the parish church by the lower sacristy door.
After 1811 the picture came to the Glatzer history painter Ludwig Bittner, who renovated it in 1834 and then donated it to the Royal Glatzer Gymnasium. From this it acquired the Berlin Kaiser Friedrich Museum (today Gemäldegalerie Berlin ) in 1902 for 8,500 marks . In 1904/1905 the picture was taken over by the Gemäldeglaerie.
iconography
The painting with the Enthroned Madonna is a central iconographic form of representation of the Virgin Mary. Iconographically, the throne is referred to as "Sedes sapientiae" ( seat of wisdom ) based on the Lauretanian litany . The Mother of God is represented here as the Queen of Heaven .
literature
- Franz Albert: The Glatzer Madonna of Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz. Arnestus Druckerei, Glatz 1922 ( Glatzer Heimatschriften 10, ZDB -ID 2520906-1 ).
- Karel Chytil: "The Madonna picture of the Prague Archbishop Ernst in the Kaiser Friedrich Museum" in: Yearbook of the Prussian Art Collections , Berlin 1907, Vol. 28, pp. 131–149.
- Arno Herzig , Małgorzata Ruchniewicz : History of the Glatzer Land. DOBU-Verlag et al., Hamburg et al. 2006, ISBN 3-934632-12-2 , pp. 44f.
- Stephan Kemperdick: German and Bohemian Paintings: 1230 - 1430 Critical inventory catalog, Berlin 2010, pp. 58–67.
- Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz. Revised and edited by Dieter Pohl . Volume 2: The parish and town chronicles of Glatz - Habelschwerdt - Reinerz with the associated villages. Pohl, Modautal 1993, ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , p. 36f. ( Historical sources of the County of Glatz. Row A: Local history NF 2).
- Robert Suckale : The Glatzer Madonna table of the Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz as a painted Marian hymn . In: Robert Suckale, Style and Function. Selected writings on the art of the Middle Ages , Berlin-Munich 2003, pp. 119–150.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Wilhelm H. Koehler: Enthroned Madonna / Glatzer Madonna. In: SMB Digital. Retrieved July 12, 2020 .
- ↑ Castle captain
- ↑ Matthäikirchplatz, 10785 Berlin, room 1