Prickly bark mushrooms
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Shaggy prickly bark mushroom ( Gloiodon strigosus ) |
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| P. Karst. |
The prickly bark mushrooms ( Gloiodon ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of the ear spoon thorn relatives . The species living on wood have resupinate to effuso-reflexes or hat-like, brownish fruiting bodies with a prickly hymenophore . Microscopically they are characterized by their gloeocystids and the amyloid , ornamented spores .
The type of the genus is the shaggy prickly bark mushroom ( Gloiodon strigosus ).
features
Macroscopic features
The annual fruiting bodies are often spread out in layers on the substrate ( resupinat ), whereby the edges can be curved upwards (effuso-reflex). But you can also form a hat with no handles, which is then arched to flat and has a dry, felty or curly surface. This is more or less brown, and when ripe it is almost black in color. The hymenophore consists of rounded, conical, up to 10 mm long spines, which are brightly colored to dull brown or gray. The meat ( trama ) is sparse, rusty brown in color and quite soft to hard. The spore powder is whitish.
Microscopic features
The spores are almost spherical to broadly elliptical and have a distinct apiculus . They are strongly amyloid , finely ornamented and measure 4–6 × 3.5–5 µm. The club-shaped, cylindrical or contracted basidia are 15-25 µm long and have 4 sterigms and a buckle at the base . The hyphae system is monomitic and consists of generative hyphae that have buckles on the septa . But often the hyphae system appears to be dimitic , as there are some darkly pigmented, sclerotic hyphae that are sparsely branched and only occasionally wear buckles. They are therefore very reminiscent of skeletal hyphae . The spines contain gloeoplere hyphae that end in gloeocystids .
Ecology and diffusion
The fungus lives saprobion table on hardwood, often on poplar, but alder and willow. It causes white rot on dead wood. There are three types worldwide. In Europe only the shaggy prickly bark fungus occurs, which is mainly found in Northern and Eastern Europe and also occurs in North America and Asia (Siberia). However, the species is quite rare everywhere. In Germany there are few known finds from the Bavarian Alps.
Systematics
The genus Gloiodon was defined in 1879 by the Finnish mycologist P. Karsten in order to distinguish species with sessile pileates or effuso-reflexes, leathery to corky fruit bodies from the genus Hydnum . He chose Hydnum strigosum as the type species , a species that is not uncommon in Finland.
Gloiodon is undoubtedly closely related to the genus Auriscalpium . Both genera belong to the species with hydnoid hymenophore, gloeopleren hyphae and amyloid, ornamented basidiospores. But while the representatives of Gloiodon have sessile fruit bodies, stalked fruit bodies are characteristic of Auriscalpium . M. Geesteranus put the two genera in the family of Auriscalpiaceae (ear spoon thorn relatives). Later Donk also added the genus Lentinellus to the family. Although these are lamellar fungi, they are strikingly similar in micromorphology.
More recent molecular biological studies show that the Auriscalpiaceae family belongs to the Russuloid lineage ( clade ) and that the genus Gloiodon is phylogenetically closely related to the genera Auriscalpium and Dentipratulum , while the genus Lentinellus forms a side branch. The cup corals ( Artomyces ) also belong to this lineage and are also placed in the Auriscalpiaceae family by some mycologists.
In the Indexfungorum database, the genus Gloiodon is still assigned to the Bondarzewiaceae family ( Bergporlingsverwandten ) to which, however, there is no closer relationship. The fringed resupinate stinging ( Steccherinum fimbriatum ) and the ocher reddish resupinate stinging ( Steccherinum ochraceum ) were also placed in the genus earlier, but are not closely related, but belong to the order Polyporales .
swell
literature
- H. Jahn and Ch. Sturm: The rare sting mushroom Gloiodon strigosus (Sw. Ex Fr.) Karst. found in the Alps . In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape 10/11 , 1983, pp. 209–220 ( online (PDF; 892 kB)).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b PA Karsten: Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VI . In: Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica . tape 5 , 1879, p. 15-46 (Latin, online ).
- ↑ A. Bernicchia and SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei - Corticiaceae sl volume 12 , 2010, p. 306 ( online ).
- ↑ a b DE Desjardin and L. Ryvarden: The genus Gloiodon . In: Sydowia . Vol: 55, No. 2 , 2003, p. 154 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Gloiodon. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ↑ Gloiodon. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ↑ Gloiodon. P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5:42 (1879). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
- ↑ Ellen and Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (ed.): Mycologia, . Vol .: 95, No. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 . ( online ).
- ↑ Steven L. Miller et al .: Perspectives in the new Russulales . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol .: 98 (6), 2006, pp. 960-970 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Gloiodon strigosus (Sw.) P. Karst. 1879. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
Web links
- Natural Fungi in Finland: Gloiodon strigosus. In: www.velutipes.com. Retrieved March 22, 2016 (some photos of Gloiodon strigosus ).