Ear spoon thorns

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Ear spoon thorns
Auriscalpium vulgare, the type species of the genus

Auriscalpium vulgare , the type species of the genus

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Ear spoon relatives (Auriscalpiaceae)
Genre : Ear spoon thorns
Scientific name
Auriscalpium
Gray 1821

The Ohrlöffelstachelinge ( Auriscalpium ) are the type genus of the family of the Ohrlöffelstachelingsverwandten (Auriscalpiaceae). The mushrooms have small, brown velvety hats with a prickly (hydnoid) hymenophore and a more or less laterally attached stem. The spores are amyloid and ornamented with warty to prickly ornamentation . The ear spoon prickly ( Auriscalpium vulgare S.F. Gray ) is the only species occurring in Central Europe and at the same time the type species of the genus. The fungus grows on conifer cones.

features

Macro features

The fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a more or less laterally attached stalk. The kidney-shaped hat is 7-20 mm wide and domed to flat. The dull brown, more or less smooth upper side is dry and shaggy to felty-velvety hairy. The hymenophore is prickly (hydnoid) as in the roll stubble mushroom . The spines are whitish, dull brown or gray. The unsinged stem measures 20–140 × 1–3 mm. The mushroom has a tough flesh (context) and a white to off-white spore powder.

Micro features

The ellipsoid, amyloid spores are warty or spiky ornamented and not cyanophilic . They are somewhat thick-walled and measure 4.5–5.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm. The basidia are 4-spore and have buckles at their basal end . Also Zystiden are available. The hyphae system is dimitic . There are Skeletthyphen and 3-5 micrometers wide, gloeoplere hyphae exist as clubshaped or pointed Gloeozystiden to the hymenium protrude. The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Trichoderm or a Konioderm . The hymenophoral trama is regular.

Ecology and diffusion

In Central Europe there is only one kind of Auriscalpium vulgatum , which grows saprobion table on coniferous wood or on buried cones. Species found in New Zealand, South America or Asia can also decompose hardwood. There are around 16 species worldwide.

Systematics

In 1821 Gray separated the genus Auriscalpium from the genus Hydnum , to which Linnaeus had placed the species in 1753 because of their prickly hymenophore .

Minimum Evolution pedigree of Auriscalpium . Auriscalpium is closely related to Gloiodon and Dentipratulum . The family tree was created using the MEGA 5.10 program. All rDNA sequences come from GenBank . The bootstrap test was carried out with 1000 repetitions. All further information is given in the image description.

The genus is phylogenetically related both to the genus Gloidon , whose species have effus-reflex fruiting bodies, and to the monotypical genus Dentipratulum , which also has hydnoid, but gregarious fruiting bodies.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c A. Bernicchia and SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei - Corticiaceae s. l. tape 12 , 2010, p. 160 ( online ).
  2. ↑ a b Maas Geesteranus: Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world . In: Verhandelingen Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde . Vol .: 60, 1971, p. 277 ( online ).
  3. ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About genus Earpick Fungus (Auriscalpium). In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
  4. ^ Indexfungorum Search. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved April 20, 2013 .
  5. ^ Auriscalpium. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 650 (1821). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
  6. ^ Samuel Frederick Gray : A natural arrangement of British plants . according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown. Ed .: F. Bataille, Besançon. Vol 1. London 1821, pp.  650 (English, online ).
  7. ↑ Ellen and Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (ed.): Mycologia, . Vol .: 95, No. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 . ( online ).
  8. ^ Auriscalpium. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 650 (1821). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .

Web links

Commons : Ohrlöffelstachelinge ( Auriscalpium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files