Ear spoon prickle
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Ear spoon prickly ( Auriscalpium vulgare ) |
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| Auriscalpium vulgare | ||||||||||||
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The ear spoon prickly ( Auriscalpium vulgare ) is a fungus from the family of the ear spoon prickles (Auriscalpiaceae). The small, on conifers pin growing fruiting bodies are by braunfilzige hats a spiny (hydnoides) hymenophore in and laterally-faceted stems.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a stalk attached to the side . The kidney-shaped to rounded cap is 5–20 mm wide and slightly domed. The upper side is brownish in young fruiting bodies and dark to chestnut brown in older ones. The surface is curly, felty and dry. The hat has a characteristic notch at the base of the stem.
The fruit layer on the underside of the hat is spiky (hydnoid). The awl-like, 2–3 mm long spines are pale to dirty brown with a dark tip. They barely run down the stick. The spore powder of the ear spoon thorn is white. The stem is 20–60 (–100) mm long and 1–2 mm thick. The surface of the full, tough, elastic stem is dark to chestnut brown and, like that of the hat, curly-felted. Two or three fruiting bodies are seldom grown together at the base of the stem.
The tough flesh of the mushroom is wood-brown in the hat and black in the stem. On average, the hat meat, which is only 0.5 mm thick, shows a dark line under the felt surface. The smell of the mushroom is insignificant, the taste is sharp.
Microscopic features
The egg-shaped-spherical, hyaline and amyloid spores are ornamented with finely prickly spines . They measure 4–5.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm.
Species delimitation
The ear spoon prickle can hardly be confused with other types of mushrooms. It is the only species occurring in Europe and at the same time the type species of its genus.
Ecology and phenology
The species grows saprobion table on pine cones lying on the ground or buried; it seldom colonizes spruce cones. The fungus occurs almost all year round and is widespread.
distribution
The ear spoon stinging occurs in North America (Canada, Mexico, USA), Asia (Caucasus, Siberia, North India, West Pakistan, Japan, South Korea and China) and Europe. It was also found in South America. In the Holarctic it is meridional to boreal. In southern Europe (southern France and the Balkans) the fungus is rare and its spread is mostly limited to the mountains. Ear spoon prickling is widespread in north-west (Great Britain and Ireland), west (Benelux) and throughout Central Europe as far as Hungary. In northern Europe, it is quite common in southern Fennoscandinavia and northwestern Russia. It becomes rarer north of the 60th parallel, but can be detected in Norway and Sweden up to the 66th parallel. According to Krieglsteiner, it occurs in Finland on the west coast of the Gulf of Bothnia up to the 70th parallel.
meaning
The ear spoon prickle is not an edible mushroom.
literature
Hans E. Laux: Cosmos mushroom guide for on the go . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 , pp. 480 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Auriscalpium vulgare. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Auriscalpium vulgare. Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
- ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Auriscalpium vulgare. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013 ; Retrieved December 7, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 92.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed December 7, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grid map of Auriscalpium vulgare. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
- ^ Auriscalpium vulgare. Pilzoek database, accessed December 7, 2013 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Auriscalpium vulgare. In: Fungi of Ukraine http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng/ . Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Auriscalpium vulgare. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
