Ear spoon thorns
Ear spoon thorns | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auriscalpium vulgare , the type species of the genus |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Auriscalpium | ||||||||||||
Gray 1821 |
The Ohrlöffelstachelinge ( Auriscalpium ) are the type genus of the family of the Ohrlöffelstachelingsverwandten (Auriscalpiaceae). The mushrooms have small, brown velvety hats with a prickly (hydnoid) hymenophore and a more or less laterally attached stem. The spores are amyloid and ornamented with warty to prickly ornamentation . The ear spoon prickly ( Auriscalpium vulgare S.F. Gray ) is the only species occurring in Central Europe and at the same time the type species of the genus. The fungus grows on conifer cones.
features
Macro features
The fruit bodies are divided into a hat and a more or less laterally attached stalk. The kidney-shaped hat is 7-20 mm wide and domed to flat. The dull brown, more or less smooth upper side is dry and shaggy to felty-velvety hairy. The hymenophore is prickly (hydnoid) as in the roll stubble mushroom . The spines are whitish, dull brown or gray. The unsinged stem measures 20–140 × 1–3 mm. The mushroom has a tough flesh (context) and a white to off-white spore powder.
Micro features
The ellipsoid, amyloid spores are warty or spiky ornamented and not cyanophilic . They are somewhat thick-walled and measure 4.5–5.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm. The basidia are 4-spore and have buckles at their basal end . Also Zystiden are available. The hyphae system is dimitic . There are Skeletthyphen and 3-5 micrometers wide, gloeoplere hyphae exist as clubshaped or pointed Gloeozystiden to the hymenium protrude. The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Trichoderm or a Konioderm . The hymenophoral trama is regular.
Ecology and diffusion
In Central Europe there is only one kind of Auriscalpium vulgatum , which grows saprobion table on coniferous wood or on buried cones. Species found in New Zealand, South America or Asia can also decompose hardwood. There are around 16 species worldwide.
Systematics
In 1821 Gray separated the genus Auriscalpium from the genus Hydnum , to which Linnaeus had placed the species in 1753 because of their prickly hymenophore .
The genus is phylogenetically related both to the genus Gloidon , whose species have effus-reflex fruiting bodies, and to the monotypical genus Dentipratulum , which also has hydnoid, but gregarious fruiting bodies.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c A. Bernicchia and SP Gorjón: Fungi Europaei - Corticiaceae s. l. tape 12 , 2010, p. 160 ( online ).
- ↑ a b Maas Geesteranus: Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world . In: Verhandelingen Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde . Vol .: 60, 1971, p. 277 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About genus Earpick Fungus (Auriscalpium). In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ^ Indexfungorum Search. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved April 20, 2013 .
- ^ Auriscalpium. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 650 (1821). In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- ^ Samuel Frederick Gray : A natural arrangement of British plants . according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown. Ed .: F. Bataille, Besançon. Vol 1. London 1821, pp. 650 (English, online ).
- ↑ Ellen and Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (ed.): Mycologia, . Vol .: 95, No. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 . ( online ).
- ^ Auriscalpium. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 650 (1821). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .