Gossypium sturtianum
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Gossypium sturtianum |
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| JH Willis |
Gossypium sturtianum is a plant from the genus cotton ( Gossypium ) in the subfamily Malvoideae . It comes from Australia and is called Sturt's Desert Rose there.
description
Vegetative characteristics
In its natural habitat, Gossypium sturtianum forms a relatively compact, approximately 1 meter high shrub , but can also grow to heights of over 2 meters in cultivation. The leaves are dark green and usually have black stripes and are oval in shape with a length of about 5 centimeters.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is not strictly seasonal, but is particularly evident in late winter. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The hermaphroditic flowers are up to 12 centimeters in diameter and are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five purple-colored petals are about two inches long.
The capsule fruit is about 1 centimeter long and contains many seeds. The small seeds are hairy short silky.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
ingredients
Most parts of the plant have dark glands which, like all Gossypium species, contain the poisonous substance gossypol .
ecology
The flowers are very attractive to honey eaters .
Occurrence
Gossypium sturtianum is common in the Australian states of the southern Northern Territory , western Queensland , western New South Wales and parts of northern western Australia . It thrives naturally on stony or rocky slopes or in dry river beds.
Taxonomy
The specific epithet sturtianum honors Captain Charles Sturt (1795–1869), who collected specimens of this species for the first time between 1844 and 1845 in stream beds on the Barrier Range in central Australia. He sent the corresponding samples to the Scottish botanist Robert Brown , who published the first description of this species, as Sturtia gossypioides , in 1849. In 1947 the species was recombined as Gossypium sturtianum by the Australian botanist James Hamlyn Willis .
Subtaxa are no longer recognized.
Within the genus Gossypium , Gossypium sturtianum belongs to the subgenus Sturtia , which comprises 17 species in three sections, all of which live in Australia. According to genetic data, the sister species is Gossypium robinsonii .
use
This drought tolerant shrub can be successfully grown in areas with low to moderate rainfall. Propagation is possible both by seeds and cuttings. Gossypium sturtianum tolerates light frosts and it responds well to supplementary watering and moderate pruning .
The species is used in cotton breeding in order to introgression into the cultivated cotton Gossypium hirsutum . So it serves as a source for a gene that produces glands with Gossypol in the leaves to ward off predators without producing such glands on the fruits. Another desirable property to be used is resistance to Fusarium wilt.
symbolism
The announcement of the coat of arms of the Northern Territory took place on September 11, 1978 and shows the following picture:
"From the pedestal , which includes a grassy sand hill, grows a ... Gossypium sturtianum ... which is to be worn through the said Northern Territory on seals, banners, flags or otherwise in accordance with the heraldic law".
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Floral Emblem of the Northern Territory. Sturt's Desert Rose Gossypium sturtianum. Department of the Environment, 1985, accessed December 24, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c d Gossypium sturtianum - Sturt's Desert Rose. Growing native plants. In: Australian National Botanic Gardens and Center for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra. Department of the Environment, 1985, accessed December 27, 2015 .
- ↑ CottonGen- Gossypium sturtianum. CottonGen, accessed December 27, 2015 .
- ↑ Jonathan F. Wendel & Corrinne E. Grover: Taxonomy and Evolution of the Cotton Genus, Gossypium. In: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America (editors): Cotton. Agronomy Monograph 57: 25-44. 2015. doi : 10.2134 / agronmonogr57.2013.0020
- ↑ Halima Benbouza, George Lognay, Jodi Scheffler, Jean Pierre Baudoin, Guy Mergeai (2009): Expression of the “glanded-plant and glandless-seed” trait of Australian diploid cottons in different genetic backgrounds. Euphytica 165: 211-221 doi : 10.1007 / s10681-008-9772-8
- ↑ Steve Davidson (2001): Cotton Blends. ECOS Magazine 109: 6-7. download
Web links
- Gossypium sturtianum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 24, 2015.