Claude Goudimel

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Claude Goudimel, 17th century portrait

Claude Goudimel (* around 1514 in Besançon ; † around August 29, 1572 in Lyon ) was a French composer of the Renaissance .

Live and act

No information has been passed on about Claude Goudimel's ancestry and early days. He probably studied at the University of Paris from 1549 until 1557; In the publishing house of Nicolas Du Chemin (1520–1576) he got the post of proofreader in 1551 and in 1553 became a partner in the publishing house. In 1551 his first book with motet-based psalm adaptations was published here, and between 1549 and 1554 his first chansons . The publisher did not publish any printed music until 1548, but was then given a six-year music publication privilege. In this respect, the collaboration with him became very important for Goudimel. The composer lived in Metz from 1557 to around 1567 ; there he joined the Protestant religious movement of the Huguenots after the unrest that broke out in 1569 , who then left the city. In his most fertile period between 1551 and 1558 he wrote most of his psalms, chansons, motets and masses . His stay in Lyon in May 1572 is certain. He had brought his entire work of polyphonic psalms to a certain level, but not yet finished. In Lyons, in the course of the Huguenot persecution from August 28 to 31, 1572, the event known as Bartholomew's Night occurred , in which well over 1000 people of the Huguenot faith were murdered; Claude Goudimel also lost his life here. In his discourse, the Lyons pastor Jean Rigaud presented the unfinished motet-like arrangement of the Geneva psalm melodies by Goudimel as a result of Bartholomew's Night.

meaning

Claude Goudimel was highly educated and never held public office. He set the melodies of the Geneva Psalter three times to music. The setting that was started first (1551 to 1566) consists of eight books with 67 large-scale three- to six-part motets, which bring the texts in full length; the given melodies are fragmentarily distributed to the individual voices due to the free processing. The psalm motets are complemented by the song of the Ten Commandments and the hymn of praise by Simeon, which belong to the Geneva Psalter. Due to the composer's premature death, this setting has remained unfinished (67 of 150 psalms). The second version from 1568 is also written in the motet style; only the first psalm verse was set to music. The mostly unchanged melodies of the Geneva Psalter appear here mostly in the uppermost part, to a lesser extent in the tenor , and are presented in a looser movement through imitation and pre- imitation in the secondary voices than in the first setting ( contrapunctus floridus ). A complete version of this version is preserved in a Geneva reprint by Pierre de Saint André from 1580.

The best-known version of Goudimel's psalm settings is the third version from 1564, which is largely written in the simple sentence note against note ( contrapunctus simplex ), with the melody mostly in the tenor, only in 17 cases in the upper part. A complete copy is handed down in the Geneva reprint of 1565, known by the name of the publisher as the “Jaqui Psalter”. This version became the basis of the well-known German version with the translation by Ambrosius Lobwasser , "Psalter deß Königlichen Propheten Dauids", Leipzig 1573. In this form, the Geneva Psalter found its way not only into the Reformed worship service, but also occasionally into Lutheran church music. One of these song movements is in today's Evangelical Hymnbook from 1994 under No. 140.

Works

  • measure up
    • Missa “Il ne se treuve en amitié” with four voices, Paris 1551 for Du Chemin
    • 4 further masses with four voices, Paris 1558 at Le Roy & Ballard
  • Psalm settings
    • 8 books “Pseaumes de David […] mis en musique au long (en forme de motetz)” with three to six parts, Paris 1551–1566; the 5th book is incomplete
    • "Les CL Pseaumes de David […] mis en Musique à quatre parties par C. Goudimel", Paris 1564 and 1565, Geneva 1565 (héretiers de Fr. Jaqui)
    • "Les Cent cinquante Pseaumes de David", Paris 1568, Geneva 1580
  • Magnificats
    • Magnificat primi toni, Paris 1553
    • Magnificat tertii toni, Paris 1557
    • Magnificat octavi toni, Paris 1553
  • Other sacred works
    • 10 Latin motets for three to five voices, Paris 1551, in collective prints by Du Chemin
    • 6 sacred chansons, Paris 1555, at Du Chemin
  • Secular works
    • Over 60 secular chansons in collective prints

Literature (selection)

  • Ulrich Asper:  Goudimel, Claude. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 7 (Franco - Gretry). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2002, ISBN 3-7618-1117-9  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz:  Goudimel, Claude. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 277-278.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Walter Blankenburg: Dioe church music in the reformed areas of the European continent. In: Friedrich Blume, History of Protestant Church Music, Kassel 1965, pages 359–362
  • M. Egan-Buffet: Les Chansons de Claude Goudimel: Analyzes modales et stylistiques , Ottawa 1992 (= Musicological Studies No. 57)
  • D. Gutknecht: Comparative consideration of the Goudimel Psalter with the Lobwasser Psalter. In: Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie No. 15, 1970, pp. 132-145
  • Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 3: Elsbeth - Haitink. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1980, ISBN 3-451-18053-7 .
  • E. McChesney Lawry: The Psalm Motets of Claude Goudimel , dissertation at New York University 1954
  • E. Nievergelt: The tone movements of the German-Swiss Reformed church hymn books in the XVII. Century , dissertation at the University of Zurich in 1944
  • Pierre Pidoux: Notes sur quelques éditions des psaumes de Claude Goudimel. In: Revue de musicologie No. 42, 1958, pages 184-192
  • Pierre Pidoux: Four Hundred Years of Goudimel Psalms. In: Musik und Gottesdienst No. 19, 1965, pp. 141–155
  • E. Weber: Le Style nota contra notum et ses incidences sur le choral luthérien et sur le Psautier huguenot. In: Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie No. 32, 1989, pp. 73–93

Web links

Commons : Claude Goudimel  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Goudimel, Claude
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Goudimel, Claudio; Godimel, Claude
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Renaissance composer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1514
PLACE OF BIRTH Besançon
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: August 29, 1572
Place of death Lyon