Horrible Spei-deaf

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Horrible Spei-deaf
Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Horrible Spei-deaf
Scientific name
Russula grisescens
( Bon & Gaugué ) Marti

The Grauende Spei-Täubling or Graustiel-Spei-Täubling ( Russula grisescens , Syn . : R. emetica var. Grisescens ) is a fungus from the family of the Täubling relatives . It is a small to medium-sized, red-capped blubber with whitish lamellae and a pure white spore powder. Its stem is soft to spongy and turns gray with age. The rare, pungent-tasting mushroom prefers moist locations such as raised bogs and bog forests. The fruiting bodies often grow in the middle of peat moss and usually appear in summer.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is (3–) 4–7 (–8) cm wide, hemispherical when young, later arched to flattened and depressed in the middle. The hat surface is smooth and matt when dry and smeary and shiny when wet. The hat is vivid red, with the edge a little lighter carmine pink. In old age, the middle can fade out slightly and then get a slightly purple or grayish tinge or becomes dirty, creamy ocher like in the fading blubber ( R. exalbicans ). The edge of the hat is slightly bumpy grooved to ribbed and the hat skin can be peeled off over two thirds. The hat meat underneath is white.

The young white and later light cream-colored lamellae are narrow and rarely forked. Sometimes they also have a slightly grayish tinge. The blade edges are smooth and the spore powder is pure white ( Ia after Romagnesi ).

The weakly clubbed stem is 4–6 (–8) cm long and 1–1.3 cm wide. It soon becomes soft and spongy and later more or less hollow. The stalk bark is finely veined and white when young, in the course of development the stalk tends to turn gray, with the veins graying first and later the whole stalk.

The meat is white, smells slightly fruity or of coconut and tastes hot. The meat turns pink with FeSO 4 and light green with guaiac . The meat reacts pink with phenol.

Microscopic features

The round to broadly elliptical spores are 7–8.5 (9) µm long and 6–7.5 µm long. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.2. The spore ornament consists of semicircular 0.3-0.8 µm high warts, which are very irregularly networked by thin lines and thick ridges.

The club-shaped basidia are 32–45 µm long and 11–13 µm and have four pores. The cheilocystidia on the lamellar blades measure 50–75 x 10–11 µm and are spindle-shaped and everted at the tip or have a small appendage. The 60–90 µm long and 10–13 µm wide pleurocystids on the lamellar surfaces are similarly shaped. All cystides are numerous and stain slightly gray-black in sulfobenzaldehyde.

The hat skin ( hat cover layer ) consists of cylindrical, partly wavy and branched 2–4 µm wide, septate hairs. The hyphae walls are gelatinized. Between the hair-like hyphae cells lie numerous cylindrical to clubbed and 4.5–8.5 µm wide Pileocystiden , which are one to two times septate. With sulfobenzaldehyde, they turn gray-black.

Species delimitation

The watery bog-deaf ( R. aquosa ) is very similar, which occurs in comparable locations and is often a companion fungus of the graying spei-deaf. It has a similar appearance and also has pure white spore powder. His hat is more wine-red and has a dark center and it also tastes practically mild. The Kiefern-Spei-Täubling ( R. silvestris ) has a hat of similar size and almost the same color . It tastes very hot and has a white stem, which, however, does not show a graying but a yellowing tendency in the course of development. It also prefers to grow in drier locations near pines. It differs microscopically by its larger spores. The cherry-red Spei-Täubling ( R. emetica var. Emetica ) can also be found in the same locations, it tastes clearly burning hot and also has no graying stem. It also differs in that its spores have significantly stronger and taller warts (> 0.8 µm).

Ecology and diffusion

The dreadful Spei-deaf, like all deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus . Its most important host trees are spruce and birch . He can probably partner with pines as well, and according to Bon, willows as well . The Täubling is often found in damp locations such as moors and at the edges of moors. But it was also found in damp mountain spruce forests. The fungus likes acidic, moist and base and nutrient-poor soils. The species has similar demands as the birch-Spei-Täubling or the cherry-red Spei-Täubling, which is why the species can often be found together. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn mostly in the mountains, often in the middle of peat moss cushions.

The Grauende Spei-Täubling is a European deafness species, which is particularly common in Eastern France (Vosges). The deaf ling was also found in Estonia. The Täubling is rare in Germany and is only found in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Here you can find it mainly in the Alps, the Alpine foothills and in the Black Forest. In the Alps it is said to be the most common Spei-Täubling. The Grauende Spei-Täubling is common in Switzerland, but not often. Täubling is also found in Norway, Sweden and Finland.

Systematics

The species was first described by Bon and Gaugué (1975) as Russula emetica var. Grisescens . In 1984 Marti upgraded it to the species Russula grisescens . The incorrect spelling of R. griseascens is often found in the literature . The Russula hydrophila described by Hornicek in 1958 and the Russula sphagnetorum described by Romagnesi in 1985 are considered synonyms .

Inquiry systematics

The Grauende Spei-Däubling is placed in the subsection Emeticinae (Syn .: subsection Russula ) by Bon . The subsection contains small to medium-sized, fragile species with red or pink hats and white spore powder that taste very hot. However, the very graying stem, the not very sharp taste and the micro-characteristics speak for a placement in the subsection Atropurpurinae . Because of the purely red hat color without purple tones and the associated similarity to the species group Emetica, Bon put the deaf in the sub-section Emeticinae . The Täubling is probably the closest related to the watery bog-Täubling.

meaning

As the spicy tasting, the deafbling is considered inedible.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Russula griseascens. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 70 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 166.
  3. ^ A b c Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-443-59056-X , p. 71 .
  4. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 558.
  5. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula griseascens. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
  6. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula grisescens. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
  8. ↑ Russula Part 5: Speitäublinge 29. Der Tintling 95, edition 4/2015, pp. 29-38

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