Greek foxtail

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Greek foxtail
Greek foxtail (Amaranthus graecizans), herbal specimens

Greek foxtail ( Amaranthus graecizans ), herbal specimens

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Amaranthoideae
Genre : Amaranth ( Amaranthus )
Type : Greek foxtail
Scientific name
Amaranthus graecizans
L.

The Greek foxtail ( Amaranthus graecizans ), also called wild foxtail , is a species of plant from the genus Amaranthus ( Amaranthus ) within the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

Description of Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris

Illustration from Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces , 1987
Stems and stalked leaves

Vegetative characteristics

The Greek foxtail is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 80 centimeters. The upright to ascending, branched stem is green and bare.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are up to 4 inches long, dirty green or reddish short, awned, slightly wavy on the edge, pointed and without borders.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to October. The flowers are all in axillary clusters. The flowers are threefold. The bloom cladding sheets are as long as the soft, short prickly-pointed bracts and shorter than the fruit. The fruit is 1.5 to 2 millimeters long. The fruit shell tears open transversely.

The number of chromosomes is usually 2n = 32.

Occurrence

The natural distribution area of ​​the Greek foxtail extends from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and into tropical Africa. In Australia he is a neophyte . At the edge of its area in Europe it occurs in Germany only in the Upper Rhine area and is considered a naturalized neophyte there.

The Greek Foxtail thrives best in Central Europe on loose sand or clay soils , which should be rich in nutrients, especially in nitrates , and which, at least in depth, are not too dry, but rather moist. Even in regions with a warm summer climate , it occurs very rarely and inconsistently.

The Greek Foxtail does not colonize raw soil, but it grows preferentially in weed communities, on root crops, in gardens and in vineyards, it is less common in fields. In Central Europe it is a character species of the class Chenopodietea and occurs particularly in plant communities of the associations Sisymbrion or Fumario-Euphorbion.

Systematics

The first publication of Amaranthus graecizans was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus . A homonym is Amaranthus graecizans Cutanda .

There are the subspecies:

  • Amaranthus graecizans subsp. aschersonianus (Thell.) Costea, DMBrenner & Tardif (Syn .: Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. aschersonianus Thell. )
  • Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. graecizans (Syn .: Amaranthus angustifolius Lam. , Amaranthus angustifolius M.Bieb. ex Willd. , Amaranthus blitum var. graecizans (L.) Moq. ): It occurs in Africa, in West and Central Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula, in In the Caucasus and in Europe.
  • Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan (Syn .: Amaranthus silvestris Vill. , Amaranthus angustifolius Lam. , Amaranthus graecizans var. silvestris (Vill.) Asch. & Schweinf. ): It is native to Europe , North Africa , Western Asia in the Caucasus , Central Asia , India and Pakistan widespread. She is a neophyte in Madagascar . Only this subspecies occurs in Germany.
  • Amaranthus graecizans subsp. thellungianus (Nevski) Gusev (Syn .: Amaranthus angustifolius var. polygonoides Thell. , Amaranthus blitum var. polygonoides MOQ. , Amaranthus polygonoides L. , Amaranthus roxburghianus H.W.Kung , Amaranthus thellungianus Nevski Vassilcz ex. , Amaranthus thunbergii var. grandifolius Suess. ) : It occurs in Iran , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan , India and Sri Lanka . She is a neophyte in Africa.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 , pp. 97 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X , p. 252 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan, Greek foxtail. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  354 .
  3. ↑ Amaranthus graecizans at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 990, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D990%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  5. ↑ a b c d e Amaranthus graecizans at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  6. ↑ a b c Amaranthus graecizans in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  7. ↑ a b Amaranthus graecizans at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Greek Foxtail ( Amaranthus graecizans )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files