Grigol Robakidze
Grigol Robakidze ( Georgian გრიგოლ რობაქიძე * 28. October 1882 in Swiri , Imereti , Georgia ; † 19th November 1962 in Geneva ) was a Georgian writer, sometimes in German wrote. He was one of the founders of the modern psychological narrative in Georgia.
Life
In 1900 Robakidze graduated from the Georgian grammar school in Kutaisi , in Georgia, which was then part of the Russian Empire. He studied for four years (1902-1906) at the University of Leipzig and also at the University of Dorpat in Estonia . In 1915 he was a co-founder of the symbolist group of writers Blue Horns , in 1917 of the Union of Georgian Writers and became a member of its executive committee. From 1918 to 1921 Robakidze was co-editor of the daily newspaper Sakartvelo (German Georgia ). In 1919 he took part as secretary of the Georgian government delegation at the Paris Peace Conference after the end of the First World War. After the forcible annexation of Georgia, which had become independent, by Soviet Russia , Robakidze participated in the anti-Soviet liberation movement from 1921 to 1924.
In 1931 Robakidze left Soviet Georgia and went into exile in Germany . He lived in Berlin , where he made friends with the sociologist Werner Sombart . From then on he also wrote in German, and some of his books later had to be translated back into Georgian. The writer Bruno Goetz helped him with the German version of his novels . His books printed in Germany sometimes note the translators (e.g. "Caucasian Novellas"), but for the "snake shirt", probably due to the large number of translators and proofreaders involved, no information was given, as can be seen from archive material . In general, it should be noted that each edition of each book must be viewed separately. Some editions of the "snake shirt" z. B. are provided with a preface by Stefan Zweig, others are not. The first edition of the book “Megi” lists the translators: Reinhold Tschackert together with the author Robakidse and with the participation of R. Meckelein, the second edition reads: Dedicated to Stefan Zweig, the third one is missing the dedication like that Information on the translators (all 1932). In addition to short stories, novels and essays, Robakidse also published two brochures in Germany, one about Hitler and one, on behalf of Goebbels , about Mussolini . These apologetically held works were included in the bibliography of the NSDAP and, among other things, published on behalf of the Wehrmacht. Robakidze belonged to the Georgian resistance organization Georgian Committee White Georg , which cooperated with the Wehrmacht during World War II . From 1941 he was one of the leaders of the Committee for an Independent Georgia , in 1942 he co-founded the party in exile, the Union of Georgian Traditionalists . Because of this cooperation with the Nazi regime, he had to leave Germany at the end of the war and went to Switzerland.
From 1945 to 1962 Robakidze lived in Switzerland , most recently in Geneva . There he was an active member of the European Writers' Association and co-editor of the scientific and literary magazine Bedi Kartlisa (German fate of Georgia ), Paris . He was buried in the Georgian Carré des Communal Cemetery in Leuville-sur-Orge , France .
Robakidse's works have been published in Georgian, Russian, German, Czech, and French. The Georgian composer Giya Kancheli used Robakidse's work Lamara in 1996 as a template for a modern composition of the same name. In 1995 a private university in Tbilisi, the Grigol Robakidze University , received his name.
Works
Stories and essays
- Portraits . Tbilisi 1919.
- Lamara . Tbilisi 1928.
- The snake shirt. Novel of the Georgian people . Foreword by Stefan Zweig , Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1928. (5th - 9th thousand, front book trade edition for the Wehrmacht. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1944)
- Caucasian short stories . Insel Verlag Leipzig 1932. (= Insel-Bücherei 87/2) (2nd edition 1979 by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt 1979 ( BS 661), ISBN 3-518-01661-X )
- Megi: A Georgian girl . Rainer Wunderlich Verlag, Tübingen 1932.
- The murdered soul. Novel . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1933.
- Vražděná duše . Prague 1934.
- The call of the goddess. Novel . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1934.
- Demon and myth. Essays . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1935.
- The Guardians of the Grail. Novel . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1937.
- Adolf Hitler, seen by a strange poet . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1939.
- Mussolini, the sun-marked . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1941.
- Mussolini. Visions on Capri . Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1942.
Journal articles
- Avallon Cardwell [Grigol Robakidse]: Show trials . In: The deed . Zurich, December 9, 1952
- Avallon Cardwell [Grigol Robakidze]: On the psychology of Soviet people . In: Schweizer Rundschau: Monthly magazine for intellectual life and culture . Zurich, issue 7, October 1953, 53rd year 1953/4
- From the worldview of the Georgians . In: Atlantis . 33rd year, No. October 10, 1961, Zurich
- From the realm of poetry . In: Bedi Kartlisa . 13-14 1962, pp. 127-139
- Georgian visiting card . In: Zurich Week . No. 49, December 7, 1962
literature
- Grigol Robakidze: self-expression in the anthology Poets write about themselves . Diederichs, Jena 1940.
- Nikos Kazantzakis: Toda Raba . Paris 1962.
- Robakidze, Grigol . In: Helmut Olles (Hrsg.): Literaturlexikon 20. Jahrhundert . Volume 3.Negri, Ada Zwetajewa, Marina I. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1971, ISBN 3-499-16163-X , p. 667.
- Nicolaus Sombart : Grigol Robakidze . In: Jugend in Berlin , Fischer, Frankfurt / Main 1991, pp. 147–159.
- Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: The writer Grigol Robakidse in Germany . In: Mitteilungsblatt der Berliner Georgische Gesellschaft, 29-31 / 1994, pp. 8-20
- Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: Robakidse in Leipzig . In: From and about Georgia, No. 3/1997, p. 20
- Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: New documents for the publication of the novel "The Snake Shirt" by Grigol Robakidze . In: Georgica 18 (1995), pp. 77-82.
- Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: A poet in a snake shirt ?, In: VIA REGIA. February 1995. pp. 62-67.
- Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: Unknown letters from Grigol Robakidses. In: Georgica 26 (2003), pp. 131–156 (with poems, some of which were believed to be lost).
- Gagnidse, N. / Schuchard, M .: Grigol Robakidse (1880–1962): A Georgian poet between two languages and cultures (reports from literary studies), Aachen 2011.
- Tamara Kirschke: Grigol Robakidze and his literary work . Tectum, Marburg 2014. ISBN 3-8288-3420-5
- Hofschulte, Suliko: Myth and History in the Work of Grigol Robakidze . Ludwig, Kiel 2019. ISBN 978-3-86935-360-9
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Bergengruen: The existence of a writer in the dictatorship. Records and reflections on politics, history and culture 1940–1963 . Edited by Frank-Lothar Kroll , N. Luise Hackelsberger and Sylvia Taschka. (= Biographical Sources for Contemporary History, Volume 22, edited by Elke Fröhlich and Udo Wengst on behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History) Oldenbourg, Munich 2005, p. 118, ISBN 3-486-20023-2 .
- ↑ See: Steffi Chotiwari-Jünger: New documents for the publication of the novel "The Snake Shirt" by Grigol Robakidze . In: Georgica 18 (1995), pp. 77-82.
Web links
- Literature by and about Grigol Robak'ije in the catalog of the German National Library
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Robakidze, Grigol |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | გრიგოლ რობაქიძე (Georgian) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Georgian writer |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 28, 1882 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Swiri , Imereti , Georgia |
DATE OF DEATH | November 19, 1962 |
Place of death | Geneva , Switzerland |