Big rose chafer
| Big rose chafer | ||||||||||||
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Big rose chafer |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Protaetia speciosissima | ||||||||||||
| ( Scopoli , 1786) |
The large rose beetle , also large gold beetle ( Protaetia speciosissima , syn .: Protaetia aeruginosa , Potosia aeruginosa ) is a beetle from the subfamily of rose beetles . Within the genus Protaetia , the species is included in the subgenus Cetonischema . The impressive beetle is rare in Central Europe and included in various red lists .
Taxonomy
The species forms a species group with the similar species Protaetia speciosa Adams, 1817, which Reitter described as the subgenus Cetonischema . Their scientific name is from Altgr. κετονία ketonía "metal beetle " and σχήμα s-chēma "shape" derived and means that the body has the same shape as the metal beetle Ketonia. The name of the subgenus is taxonomically problematic (due to the type species) and will probably have to be changed or subsequently codified by the ICZN. The species name speciosissima ( Latin ) means "very splendid". The earlier species name aeruginōsa (Latin) means "covered with verdigris (aerūgo)". The generic name Potosia (from ancient Gr. Πότος pótos "drinking binge"), which was in use at times, alludes to the fact that the animals often come together at tree sap.
The previously used scientific name Protaetia aeruginosa did not correspond to the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature . Linnaeus had described another beetle under this name, which Drury later mistakenly referred to this species. Hence Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli 1786) is the valid scientific name.
Characteristics of the beetle
The large, domed beetle is hairless and therefore has a particularly intense green-gold or red-gold sheen. It reaches an impressive length of 22 to 28 millimeters.
The head is strong and tightly dotted , the dots are of different sizes. The large square head shield covers the upper jaw . Its front edge is raised and slightly curved inwards. Its side edge has a recess above the sensor base so that the sensor deflection is visible from above. The golden-green antennae have a club-shaped, strong basal segment. The following six limbs form a short scourge. The last three links are extended to the front to form a feeler cone, the leaves of which can move freely against each other. The cheeks protrude into the eye from the front edge in the form of a narrow web .
The pronotum is arched like a hump behind the head. It is widest at the base, towards the front it narrows in a semicircle when viewed from above. The margin line almost reaches the front. The base of the pronotum is indented in front of the tag and is also bent inward to the right and left of it in front of the inner corners of the elytra. Above the pronotum is almost smooth, on the sides it is less fine and scattered dotted.
The wing covers are not depressed behind the middle. They are very fine and absent-mindedly dotted. The wing cover seam is raised like a keel in the rear part. The sides of the elytra are strongly indented behind the shoulders.
Looking at the underside of the beetle, the level of the mid-breast is above that of the front breast. The middle chest is extended like a knob towards the front. This mesosternal process is glabrous, broad when viewed from above and flat when viewed from the side, tapering anteriorly. The sides of the mid-breast (epimers of the mesosternum) are wedge-shaped between the front edge of the wing covers and the rear edge of the pronotum and are clearly visible from above. The abdomen does not have a central groove on the underside of the males either.
Front, middle and rear hips are rolled and transverse to the body axis. The three teeth on the outside of the front rails are pointed. The spine on the inside of the anterior splint arises in front of the central tooth and in front of the point of inflection in the five-part tarsi . The tip of the middle and rear rails is jagged with sharp edges and has two terminal spines that are brought closer together.
biology
The species needs old trees, mainly oaks, to develop for three years . In addition, Linde , beech and various fruit trees called. The xylophage larvae are mostly found in the sludge of old red rotten oak in the trunk area, more rarely in white rotten wood. However, they avoid close to the ground, but can be found right up to the top, often in former woodpecker caves. They are up to 65 millimeters long. The doll's cave is made of sludge and is very hard. The last wintering will probably take place as an imago . The adult beetle can be found in May and June on sunny forest edges on the breeding trees or on flowering bushes. It feeds on tree sap or on overripe fruit. Occasionally, a flower visit for the purpose of eating is also observed. In places where the tree bleeds and the animals get to the sugary sap or in the Mediterranean area on ripe figs , the animals can crowd in large numbers.
In Austria, larvae were taken from a cherry tree for rearing purposes, where they were not only in the sludge at a height of three meters, but also in self-gnawed niches in harder wood. The larvae were particularly active at night. The adults hatched at the end of August.
distribution
It is a continental species that avoids the Atlantic area of Europe. It is absent in Portugal , Great Britain , Scandinavia , the Baltic States , Northwest and North Russia . To the east, the distribution area extends to the Caspian Sea and Asia Minor.
In Germany, the beetle is classified as “critically endangered” or endangered in several federal states, but the populations seem to be increasing again at least in places. In Appendix 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance , the species is listed as a "strictly protected beetle".
literature
- Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X .
Web links
- Protaetia (Cetonischema) aeruginosa in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved June 27, 2013
- Determination table for the genus
- Website of the State Agency for the Environment Baden-Württemberg on Protaetia aeruginosa
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Protaetia aeruginosa in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 3, 2011
- ^ A b Frank-Thorsten Krell, Antonio Rey, Estefania Mico, Moreno Dutto: "On nomenclature and identity of Scarabaeus aeruginosus Linnaeus, S. aeruginosus Drury and S. speciosissimus Scopoli (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Cetoniinae and Rutelinae)" Revue Suisse de Zoologie 119 (1) 99-110; 2012 as PDF ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names
- ↑ Karl Adlbauer, Jürgen J. Fritz: " Protaetia aeruginosa . In Styria" Mitt Landesmus.Joanneum Zool. Issue 50, pp. 121–125 Graz 1996 as PDF
- ^ Red list of threatened scarab beetles in Bavaria
- ↑ Red List Berlin ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Protected species in Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ J. Schmidl: The beetle fauna of old Reichswald oaks, bufos, which inhabit sludge caves as PDF
