Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Navigation School

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Former navigation school in Wustrow

The Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Navigation School was the first state navigation school in Mecklenburg . It was located in the Baltic Sea resort of Wustrow in what is now Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania on the Baltic Sea and is considered the oldest German seafaring school.

History of the navigation school

Prehistory from the 17th to the middle of the 19th century

The professional training of helmsmen and captains traditionally played a major role on the Fischland . In the winter months, when shipping traffic was limited, those interested in going to sea received private lessons from experienced captains. At the same time, the sexton usually gave writing and arithmetic lessons. In Althagen this function was taken over by the village schoolmaster Johann Cyrus from 1789, in Wustrow from 1813 by the helmsman Nicolaus Permin and AC Galle.

Founding of the navigation school in 1846 and its development until 1945

In the 19th century it was recognized that teaching had to be professionalized. State educational institutions in other small German states served as models. Citizens of Wustrow therefore turned to Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II , who commissioned the construction of a facility. In the years 1847 to 1849 a building for navigation lessons was built for 11,410 thalers . On November 10, 1846, the Grand Ducal Navigation School was opened by the clerk Koppe. The navigation teacher Ernst Friedrich Schütz was appointed first director and began teaching on November 16, 1864 with 19 students. In addition to training seafarers, he also trained the crew of the sea ​​rescue organization on the Fischland. His motto was: "Hail and blessings, luck and glory of the Mecklenburg flag". Five years later, centrally created examination tasks are used that were developed by the Reich government . In 1880 Carl Kurtzwig took over the management of the school. He was able to record increasing numbers of students until 1890. But the development of steam shipping , year-round working conditions and changed framework conditions such as sailing the world's oceans and the trend towards larger ships led to a collapse in demand. There was also a shift in port handling to the North Sea . From 1871 to 1880 598 graduates acquired their patents, from 1891 to 1900 there were only 349 students. For the 50th anniversary of the school in 1896, a lack of money and the institution's struggle for existence were on the agenda of the anniversary celebration. During this time Julius Reimer took over the management of the school. New subjects as well as health and business teachers are to increase the attractiveness of the school. The teaching staff has also been increased from three to five specialists.

Tower of the building

Under the new director Heinrich Fretwurst, who had been in charge of the establishment since 1911, the building was also expanded. In the years 1914 to 1916 a card room as well as a radio and an examination room were set up; by 1917 a tower was built in which training in astronomical navigation should take place. Up until that time the Wustrow Church was used for these purposes. In 1916 the school was renamed the Wustrow Seafaring School . The background was a decree of the Reich government, which provided that all German navigation schools should appear under the prefix "Seefahrtschule". In 1923, the Schwerin state government asked to close the school. Fretwurst managed, together with the Wustrow municipal council, to prevent the school from closing. In 1931 Paul Keding took over his duties. At the time of National Socialism , the admission criteria were tightened in 1938 and a year later the training content of the educational institution, renamed the Reich Seafaring School, was reduced in order to meet the growing demand. Until 1944 there were still exams - mainly for the helmsman - after which lessons were no longer possible due to the Second World War .

Reorganization of the school after the Second World War

Occupation after 1945

After the school was closed in 1945, a unit of the Soviet Navy used the school building in the following years .

The school reopened in 1949

In 1948, under the direction of Walter Steinfatt , citizens of Wustrow achieved that the first examinations for the micro-patents of fishermen and small certificates of proficiency can be taken, e.g. B. for tugs and lifting vehicles. On May 6, 1949, the school was reopened under the new direction of Heinz Krüger under the motto “Every seaman is a guarantee for peace”. Together with the captains Homburg, Schickedanz and Rose as well as the teacher Walter Steinfatt, he created a new curriculum for the training of "ship officers and captains on long voyages". The first marine radio officers were trained a year later . Some received special training to prepare them for espionage activities or work underground. On July 1, 1952, the Deutsche Seereederei was founded in Rostock , with which a training cooperation was concluded. In 1953 G. Schirdewahn took over the management of the school. Under his leadership, the east wing with a boarding school was built. It offered space for 200 students, four classrooms and ten apartments. From 1959 to 1964, a teaching building, a library and a planetarium were built in a second and third construction phase . In 1966, Captain Ebeling became the new director. Considerations to found a maritime university together with the Warnemünde location became reality on September 1, 1969 with the establishment of the Warnemünde / Wustrow University of Engineering for Maritime Studies (IHS). The ship command, ship operation technology and shipbuilding technology sections are created. Hermann Schneider became the new rector. This created the first university college for civilian ship officers in the German-speaking area. In the years 1970 to 1971, the nautical training shifted to Warnemünde - the basic training remained in Wustrow. Scientific areas were created in all sections. From 1972 the academic degree of Diplom-Ingenieur could be awarded. E. Moeck became the new rector . In 1984 the university received the right to award doctorates  A, so that the qualification as a doctoral engineer ( Dr.-Ing. ) For ship command, ship engineering and shipbuilding technology was possible. The right to award the doctorate B allowed the acquisition of the degree Dr. sc. tech . Two years later, the offer was supplemented by the maritime industry. A total of around 480 employees now worked at the institute.

Founding of the "Hochschule für Seefahrt" in 1989 and closure of the Wustrower Seefahrtschule in 1991

In 1989 the "University for Seafaring" was founded. It was dissolved on October 1, 1991. This ended the university education in Wustrow and Warnemünde. The employees were assigned to different departments at the University of Rostock . The remaining 446 seafaring students continued their studies at the newly established seafaring department of the University of Rostock. On October 1, 1992, the Maritime Department of the University of Wismar was founded in a branch in Warnemünde.

Current use of the former school grounds

The future of the school building remained uncertain. In 1998 it was planned to build a new Fischländer school on a part of the area and to let the remaining, partly listed areas be used by a daycare center, a library and a community hall. Accordingly, the former classrooms, the auditorium and the maneuvering pool were demolished in 2001. However, the plans to build the school were not implemented. Since Wustrow has not been a school location since August 2007, the plans from 1998 were therefore outdated.

In 2010, the Wustrow community representatives decided to leave the former seafaring school to a consortium that wanted to build a health resort on the site . This plan also failed. The Hanseatic Further Education and Employment Association Rostock (HWBR), which went bankrupt in 2014, was involved in the consortium. In the meantime, the open spaces on the site have been used as a parking lot.

After three years of construction, a holiday complex with 124 apartments was opened on the site in 2020. The costs of the construction work started in 2018 amounted to between 20 and 30 million euros.

literature

  • Kurverwaltung Ostseebad Wustrow (Hrsg.): Kulturpfad - Ostseebad Wustrow . 1st edition. Klatschmohn Verlag, Bentwisch 2008, p. 44 .
  • Manfred Hessel: The structure and development of the Wustrow Seafaring School in the GDR up to its reorganization as an engineering college for seafaring in the years 1945 to 1969 . 1971, p. 474 .

Web links

Commons : Seefahrtschule Wustrow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ About sailors and star maps . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the University of Rostock; Retrieved August 22, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-rostock.de
  2. ↑ a b Seefahrtschule , website of the Ostseebad Wustrow, accessed on August 19, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Seefahrtschule Wustrow , Fischland-Darß-Zingst website, accessed on August 19, 2012.
  4. ↑ a b Seafaring section  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the University of Wismar, Faculty of Engineering, Maritime Department, accessed on August 20, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.sf.hs-wismar.de  
  5. ↑ Timetable for the sea rescue work on the Fischland
  6. ↑ The seafaring school in Wustrow on the Fischland  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website of the Senior Citizens' Advisory Board Wustrow, (JPG), accessed on August 19, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.seniorenbeirat-wustrow.de  
  7. ↑ Article. In: Ship and Time . German Society for Shipping and Naval History, 1997
  8. ^ Hermann Zolling, Heinz Höhne : Pullach intern . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1971 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Answer of the state government to a small inquiry in the state parliament Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Former seafaring school in Wustrow / Darß . ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Printed matter 5/1688 of August 11, 2008 (PDF; 14 kB) accessed on August 21, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fdp-fraktion-mv.de
  10. ↑ The former seafaring school is opened as the “Zwei Wasser” apartment complex in the Baltic Sea resort of Wustrow. In: Urlaubsnachrichten.de. May 29, 2020, accessed August 30, 2020 .
  11. ^ Old seafaring school in Wustrow: New holiday complex is opened. In: nnn.de. May 29, 2020, accessed August 30, 2020 .
  12. ^ Topping- out ceremony at the old seafaring school in Wustrow. In: welt.de. July 31, 2018, accessed August 30, 2020 .

Coordinates: 54 ° 20 ′ 53.6 ″  N , 12 ° 23 ′ 29.1 ″  E