Great stone graves near Zarnewanz
| Great stone graves near Zarnewanz | |||
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| Coordinates | Zarnewanz 1 , Zarnewanz 2 , Zarnewanz 3 | ||
| place | Zarnewanz , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 346 | ||
The megalithic graves near Zarnewanz were three megalithic graves from the Neolithic funnel beaker culture near Zarnewanz in the Rostock district ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ). Today there is only one grave left. It bears the Sprockhoff number 346. The remaining facilities were destroyed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Graves 1 and 2 were archaeologically examined by Robert Beltz in April 1899 . The finds made in the process ended up in the Grand Ducal Museum in Schwerin , today's Archaeological State Museum of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .
location
The preserved grave 1 is located on the eastern outskirts of Zarnewanz on a small tree island in a field. Grave 2 was 550 m north of this and grave 3 was 800 m southeast of grave 1. There are numerous other large stone graves in the vicinity. 1.6 km northeast of grave 1 are the megalithic graves near Gnewitz , 2.4 km west the megalithic grave Ticino and 3.1 km northwest the megalithic graves near Stormstorf .
description
Grave 1
Grave 1 is a passage grave of the Holstein Chamber subtype . The burial chamber is oriented east-northeast-west-southwest. It originally had a stone enclosure, but it had already completely disappeared during Beltz's investigation. In 1899 the chamber still consisted of four wall stones on each of the long sides, one end stone on each of the narrow sides and four cap stones. Almost all of the stones were still in situ ; the two middle capstones had sunk into the interior of the chamber and the associated wall stones were inclined slightly outwards. The chamber had a length of 7.5 m from the outside, a width of 3.5 m and a height of 1.55 m and from the inside a length of 5.5 m, a width of 2.5 m and a height of 0.8 m. The wall stones were on average 1 m long, 0.6 m high and 0.85 m wide. The gaps between the wall stones were filled with dry stone slabs, which were placed vertically in the bottom layer and placed horizontally above and wedged with smaller stones. The floor of the chamber was paved with clay and in places with annealed flint fragments. Three rows of vertically placed sandstone slabs, which ran between the spaces between the wall stones, divided the chamber into four quarters. The drywall was missing between the first and second eastern girders of the northern long side. Here was the entrance to the chamber. The upstream passage was marked by two 0.4 m high slabs leaning against the wall stones and the eastern passage slab. The western passage plate and the capstone were not preserved.
Photograph from 1899
Beltz floor plan
The chamber could not be fully examined because of the capstones that were still on, which is why probes only took place in three places. The sherd of a reddish-brown, angularly decorated conical bowl and flint chips were found under the western capstone. Charcoal also indicated a fireplace. Under the second capstone, Beltz found two flint knives and an irregularly shaped sandstone slab that he thought was a grindstone. Under the third capstone, he found the remains of an east-facing burial. The thighs were still preserved from the skeleton. Approximately at the point of an upper arm, the pelvis and a lower leg, three ceramic vessels were placed, of which only fragments remained. It was a double-conical vessel with a pine branch decoration, another vessel with a similar decoration and a blackish, undecorated vessel of indeterminate type. The exact location of a flint chisel was not noted.
Shard with angular decoration
Shard with pine branch decoration
Grave 2
Grave 2 was a north-south oriented chamberless giant bed . It had a length of 18 m, a width of 5.2 m and a height of 1 m. About 70–80 stones lay together over a length of 15 m and a width of 2.2 m. They measured between 0.6 m and 1 m in diameter, with the northern stones being slightly larger. Beltz found a layer of sand about 0.2 m thick underneath the stones, and under this a layer of smaller stones about 0.25 m in diameter. In at least two places (Beltz suspected a total of three) wall-like stone layers crossed the hill. Belz could not find any burials or grave goods.
Grave 3
Grave 3 had been destroyed by rock breakers about a month before Beltz 'investigation of the other two sites. However, he received a description according to which it had consisted of four wall stones about 1 m long and a cap stone protruding from the earth. The grave is thus to be addressed as an ancient dolmen . A flint ax, a fragment of another flint ax and two stone axes, probably made of diorite , were found among the accessories . These initially remained in the private property of the mayor of Teterow and are now also in the State Archaeological Museum.
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 5.
- Robert Beltz : Barrows of Zarnewanz. In: Yearbook of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 64, 1899, pp. 110-117 ( online ).
- Robert Beltz: The prehistoric antiquities of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Complete list of the finds preserved in the Grand Ducal Museum in Schwerin. Text tape. Reimer, Berlin 1910, pp. 116-117 ( online ).
- Ingeburg Nilius : The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel cup culture (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Volume 5). Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971, pp. 105–106.
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume 1. 2nd ed., Schwerin 1898, p. 449 ( online ).
- Ewald Schuldt : Dolmen and passage graves on the Recknitz. Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1966.
- Ewald Schuldt: The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972, p. 118.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, pp. 14–15.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: Zarnewanz stone grave (grave 1)
- KLEKs online: Zarnewanz large stone grave (grave 3)