Grunewald (ship, 1912)
.jpg) The Grunewald as General GW Goethals
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The Grunewald was a steamer built by the Bremer Vulkan for the West India / Central America service of the Hamburg-American Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (Hapag). The use of names ending with "forest" was introduced on this route in 1907 for cargo ships with a passenger facility. The Grunewald was the lead ship in a series of four Hapag forest steamers ordered from German shipyards.
The ship laid up in Colón since 1914 was confiscated by the US Shipping Board in 1917 and was named General GW Goethals . When the Munson Line bought the ship in 1927 , they renamed it Munorleans .
In 1936 the former Grunewald in Ardrossan was scrapped.
Building history
The West Indies and Central America destinations were Hapag's second oldest. First attempts to set up a passenger service there began in 1871 and were abandoned in 1878, leaving only a freight service. After the turn of the century, Hapag began again with the purchase of entire shipping companies, such as the purchase of the British Atlas Line in 1901, which ran between New York and the West Indies, and the creation of a passenger line from Hamburg to Mexico in 1903, new Prinzen-class ships . As with the first attempt, the then Danish Saint Thomas was the first port of call in the Caribbean. A small feeder passenger steamer was stationed there with the President and, in addition to older ships from other shipping areas, modern ships were also used with the Dania and Bavaria of 3898 GRT, newly delivered by the Reiherstieg shipyard in 1905 . In 1907, the ship fleet expanded significantly when Hapag took over the West India liner service including three ships named Niederwald , Odenwald and Sachsenwald from its previous partner, the Danish shipping company Det Østasiatiske Kompagni . After the three renamed purchases from Denmark, three ships were bought by the Furness Shipbuilding Company in Hartlepool in 1908, which came into service as Westerwald , Spreewald and Frankenwald .
The Grunewald , ordered from Bremer Vulkan in 1911, was then the type ship of a third series of four Hapag forest steamers ordered from German shipyards. Wasgenwald , which came back to Hapag as Grunewald after the war, was built at the same shipyard . Schichau supplied the Black Forest and the Flensburger SchiffbauG , from which two of the formerly Danish ships came, built the Steigerwald .
The Grunewald , launched in December 1911 , was the first ship in the series to be delivered in January 1912 and began her maiden voyage on February 4, 1912 from Hamburg to Central America. All 10 Hapag forest ships remained in service on the lines to the Caribbean until the outbreak of war, but were primarily used as pure freighters.
Under the American flag
The Grunewald was launched in Colon when the war broke out . When the US entered the First World War in 1917, they also confiscated the German ships in Panama . The ship was made available to the Panama Railroad Steamship Company . This company mainly connected New York with the Panama Canal and had transported workers, supplies and cement to the construction site and ships of this company were also the first to cross the canal. The company also operated a line from San Francisco to the Canal and a coastline from Panama City to Nicaragua , Costa Rica , San Salvador and Guatemala . The company called the Grunewald in General GW Goethals order. It was named after the general and engineer George Washington Goethals (1858–1928), who had taken over the management of construction work on the Panama Canal in 1906 and was the first "civil" governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1914 to 1917 .
On March 10, 1919, the US Navy took over the ship as General GW Goethals (ID-1443) in Hoboken (New Jersey) . It became the Cruiser and Transport Force , whose task it was to carry out and secure the transports for the units of the United States Army in Europe. The General GW Goethals transported supplies to France and brought back units of the American Expeditionary Forces . Her first trip began in New York on April 2, 1919, to Bordeaux , from where she returned on May 4. She made two more trips to France and brought almost 3,000 men back to the United States. Her last trip in service with the US Navy began on August 21, 1919 in Charleston (South Carolina) with supplies to New Orleans , Cristóbal to the Panama Canal Zone and to San Juan (Puerto Rico) . On September 13, the ship arrived back in New York and the General GW Goethals was decommissioned and returned to the Panama Railroad Steamship Company via the United States Department of War .
The General GW Goethals then operated on the lines of the company until it was sold to the Universal Negro Improvement Association on January 10, 1925 and was to be used by their new establishment, the Black Cross Navigation and Trading Co. A planned traffic on the route to Miami did not materialize and finally the ship was auctioned in March 1926 to pay for berthing and repair costs, whereby only a quarter of the original purchase price was achieved. The ship was eventually put into service by the Munson Line as Munorleans . This American shipping company served ports in the Caribbean and had already put a number of former German ships ( Great Elector , Frederick the Great , Sierra Cordoba , Prince Joachim ) in service.
In 1936 the former Grunewald was sold to Great Britain for demolition.
Renewed use of the name Grunewald
Hapag used the name for two other ships:
As the second Grunewald , the sister ship of the first name bearer, the Wasgenwald , returned to service on the West India lines after being bought back from the USA. It was canceled in 1932.
The third Grunewald was the freighter Seapool of 4799 GRT / 1940, acquired in 1951 , which was resold in 1953.
Fate of the sister ships and their predecessors
| Launched in service |
Surname | Shipyard | tonnage | fate |
| 30.12.1911 28.02.1912 |
Wasgenwald | Bremer Vulkan, building no. 552 |
4708 GRT | March 1912 first voyage to Central America, 6 August 1914 laid up in Saint Thomas , then Danish , sold to a US shipping company in 1916, renamed Shoshone , sold to Canadian SS in Montreal in 1920 and renamed Manoa , 1926 buyback of the ship by Hapag, back in service as Grunewald , demolished in 1932 |
| December 29, 1911 March 3, 1912 |
Steigerwald |
Flensburger SG building no. 313 |
4836 GRT | March 1912 first trip to Central America, August 1914 in Hamburg, April 1919 delivered to France, from 1923 service at Messageries Maritimes as Amiral Pierre , renamed Lapérouse in 1928, sold to Japan for demolition in August 1936 |
| December 28, 1911 March 9, 1912 |
Black Forest | Schichauwerke, building no. 861 |
4892 GRT | March 1912 first trip to Central America, August 1914 in Hamburg, Sperrbrecher 9 of the Imperial Navy, sunk on January 9, 1917 off Borkum Riff after being hit by a mine. |
| 1st series | 1907 | up to 26 passengers, 1907 by Det Østasiatiske Kompagni | ||
| 01/23/1904 07/03/1907 |
Niederwald | Burmeister & Wain , Copenhagen | 3490 GRT | Completed May 21, 1904 as St. Thomas , from July 1907 in Hapag's West India service, August 1914 in Hamburg, barrier breaker 5 of the Imperial Navy, from February 1915 barrier breaker 4 , stranded on February 26, 1917 after a mine hit at Terschelling and Broken the next day |
| 11/12/1903 07/18/1907 |
Odenwald | Flensburger SG, building no. 232 |
3537 GRT | Completed February 18, 1904 as St. Jan , in Hapag's West India service from July 1907, laid up in San Juan (Puerto Rico) on August 6, 1914 , confiscated by the USA in April 1917, used as a transporter Newport News , 1926 on Alaska Packers scrapped as Arctic , 1937 |
| November 7, 1903 September 10, 1907 |
Sachsenwald | Flensburger SG, building no. 231 |
3559 GRT | Completed January 6, 1904 as St. Croix , from September 1907 in Hapag's West India service, laid up in Colon (Panama) on August 4, 1914 , confiscated by the USA in April 1917, used as Transporter General OH Ernst , sent to Panama in 1919 Sold to Railroad, 1927 as Commercial Pilot to Moore & McCormack, 1928 to Chile, where he served as Condor , Indus and Penco until 1948 |
| 2nd series | 1908 | 37 to 68 cabin passengers, 600 tween deck passengers possible | ||
| 22.10.1907 07.02.1908 |
Westerwald | Furness, Withy & Co, Hartlepool | 3901 GRT | from 1908 in Central America service of Hapag August 1914 in Lisbon confiscated February 1916 by Portugal, renamed Lima , canceled in 1969 |
| 11/21/1907 09/12/1908 |
Spreewald | Furness shipbuilding | 3899 GRT | from 1908 in Hapag's Central America service, August 1914 from St. Thomas to supply German cruisers, raised by HMS Berwick on September 12, 1914 , as Lucia in British service, sold to Panama in 1948, renamed Sinai , canceled in 1951 |
| 20.01.1908 10.22.1908 |
Franconian Forest | Furness shipbuilding | 3898 GRT | from 1908 on Hapag's Central America service, August 1914 in Bilbao , delivered to France in June 1919, renamed Tadla , sold to Turkey in 1934, renamed Tari , canceled in 1967 |
literature
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping Vol. III Leap growth 1900 to 1914 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 20
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping Vol. IV Destruction and Rebirth 1914 to 1930 , Writings of the German Maritime Museum, Volume 21
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships 1896 to 1918 . Steiger Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-921564-80-8 .
Web links
- The General GW Goethals in Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
- DS.S. General GW Goethals (American Passenger-Cargo Steamer, 1911) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY — NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER
- General GW Goethals (ID 1443)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kludas, Vol. II, p. 43
- ↑ see also Prinz Eitel Friedrich (Schiff, 1902) # On duty on the Atlas lines from New York
- ↑ Kludas, Bd.III, p 123
- ↑ Kludas, Vol III, p. 127
- ↑ a b Kludas, Vol III, p. 130
- ^ The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers: September 1924-December 1927, University of California Press, p. 247