Guanidinium nitrate
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||
| Surname | Guanidinium nitrate | ||||||||||||||||||
| other names |
Guanidine nitrate |
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| Molecular formula | CH 6 N 4 O 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
white odorless solid |
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| properties | |||||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 122.08 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
1.44 g cm −3 (20 ° C) |
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| Melting point |
214 ° C |
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| boiling point |
Decomposition from 250 ° C |
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| solubility |
easily in water (160 g l −1 at 20 ° C) |
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| safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | |||||||||||||||||||
Guanidinium nitrate , the guanidine salt of nitric acid , is a transparent to white, oxidizing crystalline solid .
presentation
Guanidinium nitrate can be prepared by adding nitric acid to guanidine or guanidinium carbonate solution. The reaction can be highly exothermic , so the temperature must be constantly monitored.
Another possibility is to heat ammonium nitrate together with urea or dicyandiamide to 210–230 ° C. While the reaction mixture is liquid, it must be protected from any vibration and must not be stirred, since mechanical disturbances can lead to a rapid rise in temperature, which means that the reaction goes through and uncontrollable side reactions occur.
properties
Guanidine nitrate forms colorless crystals with a melting point of 214 ° C. It is easily soluble in water. Guanidine nitrate is an explosive, fire-promoting substance with properties comparable to ammonium nitrate. In the steel sleeve test , the limit diameter is 2.5 cm. The lead block expansion is 240 cm 3 / 10g. The connection is not sensitive to impact or friction . However, it can be detonated by a primer with a booster. It also forms highly explosive mixtures with some organic substances and some metal powders. The heat of the explosion is 2449 kJ kg −1 . In contrast to most other organic nitric acid salts, such as urea nitrate , it does not react acidic in aqueous solution. This is thanks to the strongly basic character of guanidine. Although it is an organic nitrate, it is not, however, a nitric acid ester such as glycerol nitrate or cellulose nitrate .
use
During the Second World War, due to a lack of raw materials, it was used in fusible mixtures together with ammonium nitrate and additions of hexogen . Nowadays it is mainly used as a starting material for the synthesis of nitroguanidine .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry on guadinium nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Entry on guanidine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 17, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d Koehler, J .; Meyer, R .; Homburg, A .: Explosivstoffe , tenth, completely revised edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 .