Guglielmo Oberdan
Guglielmo Oberdan or Wilhelm Oberdank (born February 1, 1858 in Trieste , Austrian Empire , † December 20, 1882 in Trieste, Austria-Hungary ) was a member of the irredentist movement in Italy . He was executed after an unsuccessful assassination attempt on the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and made a martyr after his death .
Life
Guglielmo Oberdan was born on February 1, 1858 in Trieste, which at that time belonged to Austria, as the son of the unmarried Slovenian Josepha Maria Oberdank and the Austrian soldier Valentino Falcier from the Veneto . Oberdan studied engineering from 1877 at the Technical University in Vienna . As a supporter of the independence of individual national population groups, he rejected the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria and for this reason refused military service in 1878 in order not to take part in an Austrian military operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina . Oberdan deserted and fled to Rome , where he continued his studies and joined the irredentist movement . His goal was to separate his hometown Trieste as an Italian-speaking area from Austria-Hungary and to join the national state of Italy.
In July 1882, Oberdan met the leader of the irredentist movement and co-founder of the Italia Irredenta ( Italian : unsaved Italy), Matteo Renato Imbriani . Here Oberdan made the decision that Trieste could only be detached from Austrian rule through his own martyrdom.
One possibility arose when it became known that Emperor Franz Joseph I would visit Trieste in 1882 on the occasion of the 500 years of Habsburg rule over the city. Oberdan took the opportunity to plan two bomb attacks on the Austrian emperor together with the Istrian pharmacist Donato Ragosa . Emperor Franz Joseph I arrived in Trieste on September 17, 1882. He came from Pola , where the day before he had visited the SMS Novara , famous for its circumnavigation . The celebrations were accompanied by anti-Austrian demonstrations.
Oberdan's attempted assassination was revealed by two acquaintances of the Austrian police, who arrested him on September 16, 1882 in Ronchi and found two bombs in his possession. The other, however, took place. Franz Joseph I narrowly escaped the attack, but two people fell victim to the two bombs. The assassin Ragosa was able to flee to Italian territory, was arrested there, but was later acquitted by a jury in Udine . The deserter Oberdan, however, was from the Austrian justice for the murder trial sentenced to death and on 20 December 1882 by the train executed .
Immediately after his death, Oberdan was made a martyr . In the events around Oberdan, the irredentist movement found an increased influx and the struggle against the supremacy of Austria reached its climax. Until 1914, however, Trieste remained one of the hottest hot spots in Austria-Hungary during the nationality war.
During the First World War , Italian nationalist propaganda instrumentalized Oberdan and his martyrdom to create a national consensus among the Italian people.
In 1923 his remains were exhumed at the behest of the fascist government and instrumentalized in the newly built Museum of the Risorgimento in Trieste in its own Guglielmo-Oberdan memorial .
The naming of numerous squares, streets and schools throughout Italy still reminds us of Oberdan as the Italian national hero.
literature
- E. Maserati: Oberdank (Oberdan) Wilhelm (Guglielmo). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 184.
- Alfred Alexander: The Hanging of Wilhelm Oberdank. London Magazine Editions 1977, ISBN 978-0-904388220 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://amtspresse.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/vollvergleich.php?file=11614109/1882/1882-09-22.xml&s=3
- ↑ http://www.5euromuenze.at/cms/download.php?downloadId=94&languageId=1
- ↑ http://xoomer.alice.it/grigioverde/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20GUGLIELMO%20OBERDAN.pdf
- ↑ http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=129164
- ↑ Anna Maria Vinci: Il fascismo al confine orientale. Appunti econsiderazioni . In: Giorgio Mezzalira, Hannes Obermair u. a. (Ed.): Fascism on the borders - Il fascismo di confine (= history and region / Storia e regione 20, 2011, no. 1 ). StudienVerlag, Vienna-Innsbruck-Bozen 2012, ISBN 978-3-7065-5069-7 , p. 21–39, here: p. 24 ff .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Oberdan, Guglielmo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Wilhelm Oberdank |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian folk hero |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 1, 1858 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Trieste |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 20, 1882 |
| Place of death | Trieste |