Gymnadenia orchidis
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Gymnadenia Orchidis is a plant from the genus of gymnadenia ( Gymnadenia ) in the family of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Gymnadenia orchidis is a perennial herbaceous plant . This geophyte forms underground survival organs. It reaches heights of growth of 15 to 50, rarely up to 60 centimeters. The base of the upright stem is covered by two or three tubular leaf sheaths . The three to eight leaves are distributed on the stem, but can also be clustered. The simple leaf blade is elliptical to lanceolate with a length of 4 to 16, rarely up to 17.5 centimeters and with a width of 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to August, in India a little later, from June to September. The inflorescence is many and mostly densely flowered, the inflorescence axis ( Rhachis ) is 3 to 14 centimeters long. The hermaphrodite and fragrant flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The bracts are pink to purple in color. The lateral sepals are knocked back, the middle one is, like the lateral petals, upright and often sloping together like a helmet, both are egg-shaped (to triangular-egg-shaped) with a blunt tip. The lip is three-lobed and about as long as it is wide, the middle tip is about the same size as the side, it is rarely reduced or absent. The spur is narrow, curved and pointed, its length reaches about that of the ovary or it is a little longer.
Difference from similar species
Gymnadenia orchidis differs from the more common Gymnadenia conopsea , with which it often occurs together, in the broad leaves and the mostly larger central tip of the lip.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Gymnadenia orchidis is in the Chinese provinces of southeastern Gansu , western Hubei , southern Qinghai , southern Shaanxi , western Sichuan , northwestern Yunnan and in the eastern and southern autonomous region of Tibet , in India in the Himalayas from Arunachal Pradesh via Sikkim to Kashmir , in Nepal and Pakistan. Gymnadenia orchidis grows in grasslands or sparse forests in the mountains, in China at altitudes of 2800 to 4100 meters, from India there are data of altitudes from 1300, from Nepal up to 4400, from Pakistan up to 4800 meters.
use
The finger-shaped underground tubers Gymnadenia orchidis are dug up, dried and ground into powder ( salep ). It is considered in folk medicine to be effective against intestinal and kidney ailments and as an aphrodisiac . It is considered endangered in India due to excessive gathering.
Systematics
The first description of Gymnadenia orchidis was in 1835 by John Lindley . The specific epithet "orchidis" is interpreted as " Orchis -like". Synonyms for Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl. are: habenaria orchidis (Lindl.) Hook. f. , Peristylus orchidis (Lindl.) Kraenzl. , Platanthera orchidis Lindl. ex Wall. nom. nud., Gymnadenia cylindrostachya Lindl. , Gymnadenia violacea Lindl. , Habenaria stoliczkae Kraenzl. , Orchis habenarioides King & Pantl. nom. illegal., habenaria microgymnadenia Kraenzl. , Orchis cylindrostachya (Lindl.) Kraenzl. , Gymnadenia conopsea var. Yunnanensis Schltr. nom. nud., Gymnadenia delavayi Schltr. , Gymnadenia himalayica Schltr. , Gymnadenia microgymnadenia (Kraenzl.) Schltr. , Gymnadenia souliei Schltr. , Gymnadenia habenarioides (King & Pantl.) Verm. , Gymnadenia orchidis var. Pantlingii Renz .
The affiliation to the genus Gymnadenia was confirmed by molecular genetic studies. According to the results, it is more closely related to the species of the earlier genus Nigritella than to the similar Gymnadenia conopsea .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Gymnadenia. Gymnadenia orchidis , p. 134 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 25: Orchidaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2009, ISBN 978-1-930723-90-0 .
- ↑ a b c d D. Maity, N. Pradhan S. Kr. Mukherjee, GG Maiti: Taxonomic status of Gymnadenia orchidis LiNDL. var.pantlingii RENZ (Orchidaceae). In: Feddes Repertorium , Volume 120, No. 3–4, 2009, pp. 232–235. doi : 10.1002 / fedr.200911104
- ↑ a b A. Nageswara Rao: Alpine orchids of Arunachal Pradesh. , In: Bulletin of Arunachal Forest Research , Volume 22 (1-2), 2006, pp. 27-32.
- ↑ Maan Bahadur Rokaya, Bhakta Bahadur Raskoti, Binu Timsina, Zuzana Münzbergová: An annotated checklist of the orchids of Nepal. In: Nordic Journal of Botany , Volume 31, 2013, pp. 511-550. doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2013.01230.x
- ^ Jany Renz: Gymnadenia. , In: SI Ali, M. Qaiser (Eds.): Flora of Pakistan , Volume 164: Orchidaceae. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 1984.
- ↑ Rajendra Yonzone, Ahsan Kamran, RB Bhujel: Orchids in Ethnobotany. In: Ambarish Mukherjee (Ed.): International Seminar on Multidisciplinary Approaches in Angiosperm Systematics. Kalyani, 2008 ISBN 978-93-5067-867-1 .
- ↑ . PR Gajurel, Kh Ronald, R. Buragohain, P. Rethy, B. Singh, S. Potsangbam: On the present status of distribution and threats of high value medicinal plants in the higher altitude forests of the Indian eastern Himalayas. In: Journal of Threatened Taxa , Volume 7, Issue 6, 2015, pp. 7243–7252 doi : 10.11609 / JoTT.o4041.7243-52
- ↑ Allen B. Martin: The Vocabulary of Orchids: An Amateur Perspective. published by Bribie Island Orchid Society, 2005.
- ↑ Richard M. Bateman, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Jillian Preston, Luo Yi-Bo, Alec M. Pridgeon, Mark W. Chase (2003): Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected habenariinae (Orchidaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 142, Issue 1, pp. 1-40. doi : 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x
Web links
Wikispecies: Gymnadenia orchidis - species directory