Gymnasiums in West Prussia

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The grammar schools in West Prussia were the most important educational institutions in Prussia Royal Portion and West Prussia since the 16th century. They were mostly maintained by the cities, some had been under royal administration since the 19th century. The grammar schools were predominantly Catholic, but were also attended by Protestant students. The language of instruction was mostly German, although many of the students were of Polish origin.

There was no university in West Prussia, which increased the importance of the grammar schools.

history

Prussia Royal Share 1466 to 1772

In the Middle Ages there were some schools in churches and monasteries in Prussia, which were held by the royal Polish share , for example in Culm with the Brothers of Community Life (1473/1539).

In the 16th century, humanistic grammar schools were established in the larger cities, which were supposed to give citizens' sons access to universities ( Elbing 1535, Culm 1554, Danzig 1558, Thorn 1568). In the 17th century Jesuit colleges were added in Old Scotland , Deutsch Krone , Graudenz , Konitz and Marienburg .

West Prussia Province 1772/93 to 1920

In 1772 large parts of Polish Prussia were assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia . After the abolition of the Jesuit order in July 1773, the Jesuit colleges were converted into Catholic high schools, while the teaching staff was retained; Old Scotland became an academic high school.

During the French and Russian occupation in 1805/13 all schools were closed and used as military hospitals or otherwise. From 1808 some schools were reopened, others (Old Scotland, Graudenz and Konitz) remained closed. In Marienburg and Graudenz, school teacher seminars were set up around 1815

In 1895 there were 13 grammar schools in the province of West Prussia, plus 4 Realgymnasien, 5 Progymnasien and 14 Realprogymnasien. In 1910 there were 15 grammar schools (Danzig 2x, Elbing, Deutsch Eylau, Deutsch Krone, Graudenz, Konitz , Kulm, Marienburg, Marienwerder, Neustadt, Preußisch Stargard, Schwetz, Strasburg and Thorn), 5 Realgymnasien, 5 Progymnasien and 2 Realprogymnasien

Most schools continued to exist after 1920 in the new Polish state, the Free City of Danzig and western East Prussia and were closed in 1939 or 1945.

High schools

  • Jesuit College Old Scotland , founded in 1623 as a Jesuit College, converted into an academic high school in 1780, closed in 1812/13
  • Protestant grammar school in Culm, 1554–1556
  • Culmer Academy , founded around 1676 as a Vincentian School, since 1692 Academic Gymnasium, since 1756 Culmer Academy of the University of Krakow , since 1779 again Gymnasium, until 1818
  • Royal Catholic High School Culm, 1837–1945
  • Academic high school in Gdansk , founded in 1558 as a humanistic high school, later an academic high school, until 1945
  • Royal High School Gdansk , founded in 1876, with secondary school since 1911, until 1945
  • Deutsch Eylau grammar school, since the end of the 19th century
  • Grammar school in Deutsch Krone , converted from Jesuit college around 1774, secondary school in 1823, grammar school again since 1858
  • Athenaeum Elbingense (Royal High School), 1535–1945, first humanistic high school in Royal Prussia
  • Grammar school in Graudenz , converted from a Jesuit college around 1774, closed in 1805, teaching college since 1815, and later grammar school there again
  • Konitz grammar school , founded in 1623 as a Jesuit college, converted into a royal catholic grammar school around 1774, closed in 1812/13, reopened in 1815, until 1939
  • Marienburg grammar school , converted from a Jesuit college around 1774, closed in 1805, school teacher seminar since 1815; later a grammar school again in town
  • Marienwerder High School , 1801–1945
  • Gymnasium Neustadt i. Western pr. , 19./20. century
  • Preußisch Stargard grammar school, since the end of the 19th century
  • Schwetz grammar school, since the late 19th century
  • Strasburg High School, 1873–1939 / 45
  • Thorner Gymnasium , 1568–1945

Other forms of school

There were also Realschulen , which were converted into Realgymnasien in 1881 , as well as other types of schools. The old Danzig Petri School and St. John's School developed in the course of the 19th century into higher middle schools and further into real institutions. Similar educational institutions were established in Elbing and Thorn.

School inspection

The entire school system in the province of West Prussia was originally under the government in Marienwerder . In the course of the Prussian reforms (1808), the West Prussian Church and School Council was established at the War and Domain Chamber . Soon afterwards the chamber came under the jurisdiction of the newly formed West Prussian government. When the Consistory in Gdansk in 1816 and the Consistory and Provincial School College in Gdansk in 1832 were established as the new authority , they took over the supervision and management of the schools for scholars, grammar schools and school teacher seminars. The supervision of the other schools remained with the governments in Danzig and Marienwerder. By the very highest decree of Wilhelm I of August 26, 1859 and cabinet order of January 3, 1872, the Realschulen , Progymnasien and higher middle schools came under the indirect supervision of the Provincial School College . Later all public higher education institutions were added, and from 1910 also the girls' high schools .

See also

literature

  • Bernhard Pompecki: School Schematism of the Province of West Prussia, clear compilation of all schools in the Province of West Prussia. Danzig 1887 digitized version (limited)
  • Max Bär: The constitution of the authorities in West Prussia since the time of the order . Danzig 1912 (reprinted as special publication No. 62 of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1989)
  • Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg : Between the Polish estates and the Prussian authorities. From Royal Prussia to West Prussia (1756–1806) . Writings of the Federal Institute for East German Culture and History, Vol. 5. Munich 1995, ISBN 978-3486561272 . GoogleBooks
  • R. Triebel: Religious book for the Protestant schools in the province of West Prussia, containing the entire religious teaching material, based on the Biblical Stories by Woike-Triebel , 11th edition Berlin 1926

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The school system in the province of West Prussia Westpreussen.de
  2. ^ Province of West Prussia Genealogy.net; see. Bernhard Pompecki: School Schematism of the Province of West Prussia, clear compilation of all schools in the Province of West Prussia. Danzig 1887 digitized version (restricted)
  3. ↑ The school system in the province of West Prussia westpreussen.net, with all schools (at the bottom)
  4. ^ Annual report on the high school in Elbing, 1832 GoogleBooks ; Annual report on the high school in Elbing, 1867. GoogleBooks
  5. ^ School teachers' seminar in Marienburg
  6. ^ Education in West Prussia
  7. ^ School teachers' seminar in Marienburg