Marienwerder High School

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marienwerder grammar school with a Schiller bust, 1920s
Marienwerder, 1920s

The Marienwerder grammar school was an important school in Marienwerder in West Prussia (today Kwidzyn in Poland ). The focus was on personal development through ancient languages, religion and history. Rural secluded, but located in a geographical focus of Prussian-German history, it made a contribution to the intellectually justified rise of Prussia after the wars of liberation at the beginning of the 19th century .

prehistory

Over the centuries, the school name changed many times - elementary, particular and, towards the end of the 18th century, cathedral school. The terms Latin school, large school, citizen school and Evangelical Lutheran cathedral school were also used. In the 19th century it was called the cathedral school and the scholar school. In 1813 it was given the name Gymnasium, three years later the name Royal Gymnasium. The motto was PIETATI LITTERIS VIRTUTI .

Cathedral school

The cathedral school in Marienwerder was probably founded between 1285 and 1323. With the increasing prosperity in the Teutonic Order , it reached its peak around 1400. Johannes Marienwerder was one of the teachers at that time . From 1400 to 1525, 23 Marienwerder students were enrolled in the registers of the University of Bologna , the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt , the University of Vienna , Charles University in Prague , the University of Krakow and the University of Leipzig . The cathedral school did not have the meaning of Elbing and Thorn, but was considered one of the best provincial schools of the Middle Ages. Anyone who wanted to become a clergyman in Pomesania and not attend a university had to attend the cathedral school. The Reformation , the abolition of the cathedral chapter (1527) and the secularization of the diocese of Pomesania led to the decline of the cathedral school. The prospect of fat benefices and sinecures dwindled. There was no more talk of the school, neither under the last Catholic bishop Erhard von Queis nor under the first Protestant bishop Paul Speratus .

Citizen School

In addition to the cathedral school, the city had a second school, an old community school in the Kapitelschloss. The patronage was with the city. In 1404 the order stresser certifies the existence of two schools. Even before 1572 the school had three teachers, the schoolmaster (rector), the vice rector (from 1770 vice rector) and the cantor. Until 1836 all rectors were theologians. To get to the rectorate, theology candidates had to take an exam in theology , logic , geometry , physics , arithmetic , history , Hebrew and Latin . The fact that two of the three teachers had theological training raised the city school far above the church schools in other places. There was also a Polish chaplain . Even during the time of the order and after the Reformation, the influence of the town priest was decisive, despite the rector; The school was only subordinated to the church by the official visits in 1586. Until about 1590 the school was located in a small building that belonged to the church apartments . It was next to the rectory on the south wall of the Kapitelschloss on urban land. The school garden stretched west of it to the city wall. In 1586 the Marienwerder City Council decided to build a new school building alongside the city wall next to the school garden. The archpriest (superintendent) Magister Salomon Klein drafted school rules. This so-called Leges was confirmed on March 5, 1593. The Large City School comprised five classes: the Quarta with three departments, the Tertia with four departments, the Secondary and Primary with two departments each, and the Upper Primary. Only two classrooms were available for all classes. The individual departments were taught together at the same time, mostly different classes in one room, often by two teachers. The school attendance was measured for eight years; the upper primans stayed longer and went either to university or to the Thorner Gymnasium and the Gymnasium Elbing. There were as few “vacations” as there were technical or artistic lessons (apart from music). The Great Plague (Prussia) and the Great Northern War reduced the importance of the school. It is not even mentioned in a cabinet letter from Friedrich Wilhelm I (Prussia) to create a state high school in Marienwerder. At the end of the 18th century, Luther's catechism and the four gospels were explained in Latin. Instead, the Rector's class read Cornelius Nepos , Quintus Curtius Rufus , Gaius Iulius Caesar , Pliny the Younger and Marcus Tullius Cicero . Reading German newspapers was also planned. The lessons amounted to 65–70 hours per week. The school rarely had 100 students. In the 18th century, two scholarships were set up for the best student city children, one from the Russian brigadier Thomas von Fraser (1715), the other from the city treasurer Samuel Jeschke (1740).

Scholar school

Left on its own, the school had to survive in cramped and poor conditions throughout the 18th century. The Prussian state government paid almost no attention to the school. That changed after the first partition of Poland . In the new province of West Prussia , many officials came to Marienwerder. Imbued with the ideas of Immanuel Kant , Karl Abraham von Zedlitz separated the Prussian school system from the church regime. With the high school college in 1787 he created an independent supreme school authority for the entire Kingdom of Prussia . In 1788 the Rector Höpfner asked her to raise the school to a school of scholars after the establishment of the state colleges in the city . It was not until 1802 that the wish was realized. On August 21, the government in Marienwerder decided that Marienwerder (as the seat of the regional colleges), Danzig , Elbing , Thorn and - with reservations - Marienburg should have schools for scholars. The minister Julius Eberhard von Massow came to Marienwerder in October 1802 and approved the resolutions. Immediately the number and income of teachers in Marienwerder were increased and the position of a calf factor was created. The government bore the cost of converting the building in the amount of 2000 thalers. She also made sure that the most important teachers in West Prussia -  Reinhold Bernhard Jachmann and Johann Wilhelm Süvern  - designed a generous curriculum. A small reading circle was set up and the first school seal acquired: A Minerva leads a boy who holds a stylus in one hand and a scroll in the other. The inscription was SEAL OF THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL IN MARIENWERDER .

After the battle of Jena and Auerstedt , the French turned the Marienwerder School into an Imperial French military hospital on February 19, 1807. Only at the end of December 1807 could the school building be used again. In 1806 the school had 102 students. All institutions that had the right to take the Matura test were given the title of “Gymnasium” on November 11, 1812, Marienwerder only in March 1813; because at the end of 1812 / beginning of 1813 there was chaos in the city. After the Battle of the Beresina , the Grande Armée disbanded. Assembly locations were given for the individual corps ; for the remnants of the 4th and 9th (and two other) corps it was Marienwerder. Eugène de Beauharnais and Claude-Victor Perringen waited there . Victor .

Rectors 1404–1811

  • Christian Coslaw, from 1404
  • Urbanus Wittich, around 1573
  • Zacharias Dresler, since 1576
  • 1590–1596: Johannes Timäus,
  • 1596–1602: Balthasar Timäus,
  • 1602–1607: Adam Volland, Mayor of Marienwerder, Poeta Laureatus
  • 1607–1613: Bartholomäus Wilhelmi
  • 1649–1656: Georgius Oesperus
  • Johann Escher
  • from 1678: Martinus Willenius
  • 1682–1688: Bartholomaeus Klügsmann
  • 1689–1693: Samuel Schmidt
  • 1693–1694: Johann Pasch
  • 1694–1736: Georg Ast
  • 1736–1739: Michael Theodor Ebentheuer
  • 1739–1745: Michael Theodor Nagel
  • 1745–1751: Johann Jakob Wendland
  • 1751–1753: Johann Daniel Dannies
  • 1753–1760: Johann Gottfried Kloss
  • 1760–1769: Martin Friedrich Bütow
  • 1770–1771: Daniel Wilhelm Kahle
  • 1771–1786: Christian Ludwig Sanden
  • 1786–1792: Johann Michael Höpfner
  • 1792–1793: Karl Friedrich Rothe
  • 1793-1801: Ephraim Ohlert
  • 1801–1811: Friedrich Christoph Ludwig Ungefug

high school

"Unfairly brilliant school management was to be thanked that in these ten years [1801-1811] the cathedral school could develop quietly and undisturbed on the basis of noble humanitas."

- Hans Dühring

1812-1880

In addition to Rector Ungefug, the teaching staff included Vice Rector Friedrich Wilhelm Binseel, Vice Rector Jacob Friedrich Stiebler, Johann Gottlieb Fischer (who taught free of charge in 1802/03), Johann Samuel Rosenheyn , Karl Heinrich Pudor and Karl Friedrich Grolp (1812/13).

Rebellion

The focus of the school year 1812/13 was the general enthusiasm for the fight against French oppression. After the Tauroggen Convention , many Marienwerder residents took up arms. Horses and equipment were provided. The parents provided their sons with equipment and salaries in the field. A war volunteer was a son of the master baker Hahnke. He stayed in the Prussian Army and became the father of the future General Field Marshal Wilhelm von Hahnke . The royal call to my people and the call to the formation of the Landwehr was followed (despite typhus ) by one eighth of Marienwerder's male residents. The youths and men who remained behind formed a storm of seven companies on foot and two companies on horseback. After a higher ordinance, lessons in French Michaelis were given up in 1815 in favor of Greek and Latin (and resumed after a few years). A brother of Bogumil Goltz had sent news of the victory in the Battle of Waterloo from the battlefield to Marienwerder.

New building

Frieze with inscription, around 1990

When the number of students exceeded 150 and the four classrooms and the lecture hall were no longer sufficient, the director's apartment was converted into classrooms in 1829 and a new apartment was furnished for the director. In the same year, the joint patronage of the state and the city passed entirely to the state. The provincial school colleges of West Prussia and East Prussia were merged in the early 1830s. The seat was Königsberg. Jakob von Nordenflycht operated a new school building. Friedrich Wilhelm III. granted a sizable fund. The foundation stone was laid on June 21, 1835. Ungefug retired on April 1, 1836 with the title of "Royal Director". In November 1836, a death fund was set up for the widows and surviving dependents of the teachers. In 1914 their capital had grown to over 19,000 marks (1871) . The new high school building was occupied in spring 1838. It had cost 17,000 thalers. It had six classrooms, one reserve class, 1 conference rooms, 2 rooms for the director, one room for the janitor, two library rooms, 1 drawing lessons room, 1 physics rooms, one apartment for the janitor, one model chamber 1 lockup . On the front frieze of the central building was the gilded inscription INTROITE, QUOS MUSA NASCENTES PLACIDO LUMINE VIDERIT , on the frieze of the rear front MUNIFICENTIA FRIDERICI GUILLELMI III REGIS CLEMENTISSIMI EXSTR. MDCCCXXXVII . For the inauguration on May 4, 1838, v. Nordenflycht. One of the primaries spoke “de Borussiae inter omnes civitates praestantia”.

advancement

At the same time the grades were regulated , as was customary in Germany long after the Second World War. In the school year 1837/38 the flu prevailed . Two students succumbed to her. During his visit in June 1841, Reinhold Bernhard Jachmann was completely satisfied with the performance and condition of the school. Under his chairmanship, the Abitur exams were held on March 23 and September 16, 1841. The teachers' library had 4922 books, the school library over 2004. Since 1842, the grammar school granted the right to one-year voluntary military service as soon as a student received the maturity for one of the three upper classes. On September 9, 1844, Friedrich Wilhelm IV attended school. He was accompanied by the chief president Carl Wilhelm von Bötticher , the adjutant general August Wilhelm von Neumann-Cosel , the commanding general Friedrich zu Dohna-Schlobitten and other dignitaries. They were greeted with the song I am a Prussian . On August 22, 1844, the Minister of Education, Friedrich Eichhorn, attended the school. He continued to promise her balanced care. A grand piano was purchased. At the 300th anniversary of the Albertus University in Königsberg , director Lehmann brought the congratulations on behalf of the Prussian grammar schools. As late as 1844, the school administration was planning to add a real department to the grammar school. For unknown reasons, this was not realized until 1894. Physical education was given in six weekly and many extraordinary hours. In the summer of 1850, the chief president Eduard von Flottwell , the state minister August von der Heydt and the chief president Franz August Eichmann attended the school. Every year on October 15, the birthday of Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Was celebrated in the auditorium. On the journey from Königsberg to Berlin, he stayed in Marienwerder on June 22, 1854. In June 1855, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who later became Friedrich III. , the school. On September 25th, all teachers and Protestant students commemorated the Augsburg Imperial and Religious Peace . Michaelis In 1866 Ludwig Adolf Wiese attended grammar schools and higher middle schools in West Prussia. An extension of the school was approved. On November 10, 1859, all classes celebrated the Schiller Festival . On October 4, 1860 and March 5, 1861, Oberpräsident Eichmann visited the school again. In July 1861, Prussia's general superintendent Karl Bernhard Moll visited the religion class. Neither the German-Danish War nor the German War are mentioned in the school programs. After the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War , the autumn high school exams were held on August 2, 1870. The successful siege of Metz and the victory in the battle of Sedan were celebrated, the capture of Napoleon III. silent. To celebrate the reunification of West Prussia with the Prussian state, a ceremony was held in the auditorium of the grammar school on September 13, 1872. Max Töppen described the 400-year struggle between the Germans and the Slavs for possession of the land. In 1873 the gym and gas lighting were put into use. On December 1, 1873, Oberpräsident Karl von Horn visited the school. The establishment of Jewish religious education at state expense was not approved "in view of the insignificant number of Israelites at the grammar school".

1881-1944

Auditorium

On November 11, 1883, the school celebrated the 400th birthday of Martin Luther . According to Wilhelm I, it was "not about praising a person, but about praising God for the divine grace bestowed on the German people during the Reformation". In 1887 Gustav von Goßler attended school in June and Adolf Hilmar von Leipziger in September . When the Realgymnasium was closed in 1889, the number of students increased by leaps and bounds. Every school year, students died from illness or injury. Special student achievements were honored with (imperial) book awards and cash prizes. On February 24, 1896, the Protestant religious instruction was revised by Adolf Döblin , the new general superintendent for West Prussia. The 100th birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm I was celebrated in a particularly solemn manner. The Wilhelm der Große Festival was performed by Drees. On April 19, 1900, the teacher Geisenberg received permission for the Mosaic religious instruction. On Reformation Day 1901, the 400th birthday of Paul Speratus , the first Protestant bishop of Marienwerder, was commemorated. Proceeds from school concerts were donated to charitable institutions. Wilhelm Reinhard (theologian) came to Marienwerder on January 20, 1912. In 1913 the Geh. Counselor Dr. Medem his school coin collection. Well-organized and cataloged, it contained 745 coins and 47 medals. The 25th anniversary of the throne of Wilhelm II and the 100th anniversary of the grammar school were celebrated. The ceremony in the auditorium was attended by Karl Schilling (District President) and OLG President Adolph von Staff called von Reitzenstein .

War and vote

The outbreak of the First World War put the people in the Marienwerder administrative district into "tremendous excitement". Many teachers and students signed up for the Prussian Army . Nevertheless, all 15 candidates passed the Abitur exams from 5th to 9th August 1914. Some primary and secondary students did uninterrupted watch duty on the water tower at the Vistula Bridge, other students did harvest work on the surrounding estates. When classes began on August 17, only a third of the students were present; because many families had left Marienwerder. Hindenburg's “glorious victory” in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914) brought relief . In the harsh winter of 1917, the grammar school was closed for January and February due to a lack of coal and classes were held one after the other in the box (Grünstraße). Three teachers and 15 students died in the war.

The vote on July 11, 1920 was a big day for the Marienwerder voting area and the grammar school. 3,000 people who were eligible to vote had traveled and were housed in citizens' quarters. Else Heims played Iphigenie on Tauris and Minna von Barnhelm . The night camp in Granada was performed in the Liebenthal wood . 4000 people came to the gala concert in the cathedral church (Marienwerder) on the evening before the vote. At the end they sang We come to pray . Of the 9,603 votes cast, 426 were in Poland.

Everyday life in the Weimar Republic

Marienwerders location 1920–1939

A hiking day was planned for each month . The students had to cover 20–30 km, estimate distances and master cross-country and endurance runs. On November 26, 1921, the memorial plaque and honor plaque for the fallen (3 teachers, 15 students) was unveiled in the auditorium. On May 1, 1922, the teaching staff consisted of 1 director, 11 study councilors, 1 singing, 1 drawing and 1 preschool teacher. There were also 4 study assessors and 1 trainee lawyer. At the constitutional ceremony on August 11th, a councilor spoke about efforts to unite Germany between 1813 and 1848 . The director thought of the occupation of the Ruhr . The Siegesfest was performed repeatedly in the setting by Constanz Berneker . The music corps of the Reichswehr took part. The 200th birthday of Immanuel Kant was commemorated . The Prince of Homburg was played with pupils from the Oberlyceum . The old school orchestra was brought back to life at Easter 1924. Was played Alessandro Stradella , Huguenot , and (with the chorus) Schumann Zigeunerleben (op. 29.3). In 1924, the “Corona” primacy association celebrated the 40th foundation festival. The rowing was impossible because the Germans access to the Vistula was locked. The students rejected a student self-administration. Each class had only one shop steward and one deputy. The shop steward from the high school acted as their chairman and the representative from the Real Estate department. After the death of Friedrich Ebert , classes were canceled for two days. The 200th birthday of Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , the 50th anniversary of the death of Fritz Reuter and Eduard Mörike and the 60th anniversary of the Red Cross were commemorated . On Reformation Day in 1924, all students took part in the service in the cathedral. By ministerial decree of July 6, 1925, the State Gymnasium and Realgymnasium were recognized as a "large double institution". A big school celebration took place on May 12th when the new Reich President Paul von Hindenburg took office. At the Rhenish millennium , a councilor spoke about the "strengthening of the imperial concept through the imperial constitution". The youth hostel on Mahrener See was inaugurated on April 25, 1926, with numerous participation from the population in the Marienwerder district . The high and middle schools in Marienwerder and Riesenburg in the district of Rosenberg used it as a country school home . Up to 100 students could be accommodated and cared for.

The 150th birthday of Carl Friedrich Gauß and Heinrich von Kleist and the 200th anniversary of the death of August Hermann Francke were commemorated . 100 students from the Rhineland arrived in Marienwerder on September 5, 1927 on a trip to the east of the brand. Julius Goerdeler died as the school's oldest high school graduate on March 9, 1928. The orchestra consisted of 40 members in 1928/29: 20 violins , 2 violas , 2 cellos , 2 double basses , 4 flutes , 2 clarinets , 1 oboe , 2 trumpets , 1 bass tuba , 2 French horns , 1 timpani , a pair of cymbals , 1 concert drum and 1 triangle . The ocarina , piano and harmonium no longer worked. On a (new) grand piano , Alfons Kensik played great Beethoven sonatas (op. 53, op. 57). The seconders of the real branch played a puppet theater . Quarreled and survived, the Corona was dissolved by the director in September 1930. After the bridge disaster in Koblenz and the disasters in the Anna pit and the Luisenthal pit , flags were flagged at half-mast and a memorial service was held in the grammar school. On January 8, 1931, Chancellor Heinrich Brüning attended the school. The foundation of the German Empire , the Confessio Augustana , the 300th anniversary of the death of Johannes Kepler and the uprisings in Upper Silesia were commemorated . On March 29, 1931, the Prima of the Friedrichs-Gymnasium Berlin visited Marienwerder. The 700-year membership of East Prussia in Germany was commemorated on June 13, 1931. On the day off from school, Bruno Schumacher gave the celebratory speech, which he repeated the next day in the remter of the Marienburg in the presence of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg . In 1932 the arrival of the Salzburg exiles 200 years ago and the 100th anniversary of the death of Carl Friedrich Zelter were commemorated. On the "heroic death" of Gustav II Adolf (Sweden) 300 years ago, Dr. Grendel, who gave the same speech in the castle church (Königsberg) .

Nazi era

After the Reichstag election in March 1933 there was one day off from school. For the first time swastika flags waved over the school. Only black-white-red was shown on Memorial Day . Wednesday afternoon was set for military sports . The student group of the Volksbund for Germanness Abroad had 50 members and organized an advertising week with a big party in September 1933. There were no other associations than the VDA at the school. In return, all high school students in the SA , SS or the young pilots, the middle and lower school students in the Hitler Youth and in the German Young People were recorded. By order of the minister, the school year did not begin until National Labor Day . The “overwhelming rally” in Berlin was broadcast on the radio . The students heard them in the auditorium. The teaching staff took part in the move. At Pentecost 1933 the city of Marienwerder celebrated its 700th anniversary. During the consecration after the festive service in the cathedral, Marienwerder's mayor Fritz Goerdeler and the school director Bruno Schumacher spoke . Friedrich Schiller's bust of Emil Cauer the Younger was unveiled in front of the school's main portal (at Flottwellplatz) . In 1936/37 the school building was re- plastered . The old devotions lost their religious character and became ideological (National Socialist) consecration hours. The lecture halls for physics and chemistry as well as the drawing room and the gym have been modernized.

The establishment of a six-class real department had already begun in 1918. The first Real Abitur graduates could be released at Easter 1925. Until Easter 1937 a distinction was made between grammar school and secondary school. Then the grammar school was renamed "State High School for Boys". Since then there has been

  1. the scientific and mathematical branch,
  2. the modern language branch and
  3. the ancient language branch.

All three departments had three compulsory languages, either Latin, French and English with a lot of math and physics lessons, or Latin, French and English with fewer math and physics lessons but more modern languages ​​than electives, or Latin, Greek, French or English with less math. and physics lessons. The first foreign language in all departments was Latin.

At Easter 1938 the old names of the grades were dropped. In 1939 the school building stood for 100 years. The attack on Poland delayed the completion of the extension to the student dormitory by half a year. The gym, the drawing room and a class were used as a hospital and quarters. Because of a lack of coal, classes were suspended in the last quarter. Lessons were given in abridged form, if at all. From noon the rooms were available to the girls from the Lyceum. From the school year 1940/41 on, no more school programs were published. Most of the students and many teachers were drafted into the armed forces. Teachers from the Hermann Balk School jumped in without any problems. The last high school graduation exam took place in February / March 1943. At the end of January 1945 the Red Army occupied Marienwerder. 250 high school students had died.

Less than two decades after leaving school, Hans Dühring wrote :

“Lutherans, Mennonites, Catholics, Jews and Poles lived together as in one big family. There were also differences and opposites; but they weren't raised to problems. There was a peaceful coexistence in which the opposites had ground off, so that z. B. the Poles in no way had to endure anything. They were able to cultivate their mother tongue and enjoyed the same upbringing as the rest of us. No one hated the other, or so it seemed to us, not even the Jews. We lived on good terms with our Jewish classmates. At that time the Suum cuique was still valid in the good old Prussian sense. "

- Hans Dühring

Personalities 1812–1945

Directors

Bruno Schumacher

Teacher

With Dühring all teachers are listed with short biographies.

student

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (1925)

Number of students and school fees

In the cathedral school up to 1586 each student paid 4, then 5 groschen per quarter (the poor 4). In 1786 it was 30 groschen plus 6 groschen heating money. In the grammar school, the sixths and quintans paid 12 thalers a year until 1869 , the quarters 16 thalers, the tertians 16 thalers 10 silver groschen, the secondary schoolers 20 thalers and the primary schoolers 23 thalers 8 silver groschen. The students in the pre-class paid 12 thalers a year. At Easter 1872 and on October 1st, 1873 the school fees were increased. On October 1st, 1878, the school fees for all classes and pre-grades were increased from 72 Marks (1871) (= 24 Talers) to 84 Marks. From Easter 1887 onwards, all students paid 100 Marks annually, eliminating the annual Turn Fee of 3 Marks. A fifth to a quarter of the students were exempt from school fees .

year student Exempt from school fees
1812 131
1813 90
1818/19 121
1828/29 158 38
1831/32 189 35
1836/37 216 34
1841/42 229 41
1843/44 233 44
1853/54 317 60
1880 338
1888 396
1900 410
1927/28 369
1940 221

Library

The oldest news about a school library comes from 1745. The few (rather insignificant) books were lost by 1788. In 1803 a new library was established. In October 1827 the Ministry gave the school a physical and mathematical apparatus. Private donations enriched the book inventory. From 1836 40 volumes were added annually. In his 30 years as a librarian, senior teacher Schröder had doubled the inventory of almost 4,000 volumes. He had set up three book catalogs, the alphabetical, the scientific and the acquisitions catalog. He was followed by Director Breiter, Dr. Künzer (1865), Max Töppen and, from July 1873, Emil Brocks. In 1874 there were 10,145 volumes.

Sponsorship

The school building of the Marienwerder high school from 1838 with a bust of Schiller (2012)

On September 21, 1953, the Ernestinum Celle took over a sponsorship for the Marienwerderer Gymnasium. The celebration in the Schlosstheater Celle was attended by the Lower Saxony Minister of Expellees Erich Schellhaus , Lüneburg's District President Helmuth Andreas Koch , the Federal Spokesman of the West Prussian Landsmannschaft Erik von Witzleben and Celle's Mayor Wilhelm Heinichen . The directors Franz Neumann and Kurt Person spoke for the two schools. The city of Celle took over the sponsorship of the Marienwerder district community on October 18, 1953.

The school building of the former Marienwerder grammar school, completed in 1838, continues to be used for school purposes today. The Schiller bust erected in front of it in the 1930s is still in its place.

See also

literature

  • Johann August Lehmann , Marienwerder Gymnasium program:
    • 1838: Historical news about the Royal High School in Marienwerder .
    • 1851: Overview of the Chronicle of the Kgl. Marienwerder high school for the period from 1836 to 1851 , pp. 21–31.
    • 1862: Overview of the Chronicle of the Kgl. Marienwerder high school for the period from 1851 to 1862 , pp. 39–45.
  • Hans Dühring : The Marienwerder high school. From cathedral school to high school . East German contributions from the Göttingen working group , Vol. XXX. Hölzner Verlag, Würzburg 1964.
  • Otto founder, Franz Neumann: Marienwerder West Prussia . Marienwerder home district 1983.
  • Statistical manual of the German high schools for the year 1936. 1937. S. 617

Web links

Commons : Gymnasium Marienwerder  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Major Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck reports on the corresponding conditions in Königsberg .
  2. ↑ On May 21, 1844, v. Bötticher contributed several lessons in the two top and bottom grades.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dühring, p. 17
  2. ^ Dühring, p. 18
  3. ^ Dühring, p. 19
  4. ^ Dühring, p. 20
  5. ^ Dutch townscape of Marienwerder (1628): "Castle and Cathedral Marienwerder", from: Abraham Booth, Journel Vande Legatie gedaeninde Jaren 1627 en 1628. Amsterdam 1632.
  6. ↑ p. 21
  7. ^ Dühring, p. 42
  8. ^ Dühring, p. 43
  9. ^ Dühring, p. 48
  10. ^ Dühring, p. 56
  11. ↑ Dühring, pp. 64-66
  12. ↑ Dühring, p. 68
  13. ^ Dühring, p. 90
  14. ^ Dühring, p. 86
  15. ^ Dühring, p. 99
  16. ^ Dühring, p. 103
  17. ↑ Dühring, pp. 188f.
  18. ^ Dühring, p. 190
  19. ↑ Dühring, p. 192f.
  20. ^ Dühring, p. 203
  21. ^ Dühring, p. 234
  22. ^ Dühring, p. 245
  23. ↑ Dühring, pp. 257-305
  24. ↑ Hans-Gotthard Pestke (tracesofwar.com)
  25. ↑ Hans-Joachim Schibau (tracesofwar.com)
  26. ↑ Dühring, p. 319f.
  27. ^ Emil Brocks: Report on the history and the manuscripts and old prints of the Marienwerder grammar school library . Marienwerder School Program 1875
  28. ↑ Dühring, pp. 323-325
  29. ↑ Dühring, pp. 336-354