Hamelin Landwehr
The Hamelin Landwehr was a Landwehr built in the late Middle Ages and part of the border security system in the run-up to the city fortifications of Hameln . The Landwehr consisted of a wall with a moat and largely surrounded the medieval city of Hameln . A well-preserved remnant can be found in the forest northeast of Hameln on the Schweinberg near Holtensen .
description
The Landwehr as an advanced fortification system of the city was created in the 14th century and was first mentioned in 1385. It consisted of earth walls and trenches with hedges and Knicks were planted. In areas with natural protection due to impassable terrain, such as wetlands or watercourses, a Landwehr was not installed. Due to the risk of flooding, no walls could be built near the Weser . Because of this, deep and wide landwehr trenches were created here.
Medieval Hameln had up to five city gates that connected the city to the surrounding area via six country roads. Where the country roads met the Landwehr, there were initially waiting towers at the passages and later waiting houses with barriers. Accordingly, there was the Afferdsche , first mentioned in a document in 1415 , the Berkeler , the Holtenser , the Rohrser and the Wehrberger Warte on the Weser . To the south on the road to Hagenohsen was another control room, the Hardtbaum , which was demolished around 1600. It was located at the height of today's Töneböns ponds near the settlement Harthem, which fell into desolation in the 14th century . The Landwehr was created out of military considerations, but mainly served to protect trade routes with customs duties , control of wood, hedge and pasture use and as a border marker with respect to the surrounding area. In addition, there were scouting stations on the surrounding mountains to observe the area. These included posts and, in some cases, watchtowers on the Klüt, Basberg and Sintelberg.
The Hamelin Landwehr was supervised and maintained by knickwalls. They buckled the bushes and intertwined the branches of the hedges on the Landwehrwall so that an impenetrable undergrowth was created. There were regular inspections along the course of the Landwehr, which were referred to as border relationships. They were used to identify deficiencies in the line of fortifications and to eliminate them. The inspections have been documented since 1619. This tradition is still cultivated by the Hamelin “Association for Border Relationships and Homeland Care from 1930” once a year.
After the Middle Ages , the military forces gradually lost their military importance. The waiting houses became inns, excursion restaurants or farms. The half-timbered house of Berkerler waiting leased a resident of Klein Berkel in 1774 and built it in 1798 in a farmhouse with hostel around. When the Hameln Fortress was razed on Napoleon's orders in 1808 , the control room finally lost its importance as an outpost of the city. During construction work in 1850, the foundations of the former watchtower were found in the ground. 1981 was in favor of expanding B 1 demolished the building of waiting Berkerler waiting.
The only remaining control room is the Wehrberger Warte in Wehrbergen , which was later converted into an inn. This is where the capitulation of the Prussian-led fortress Hameln was signed during the coalition wars in 1806 . The agreement was signed by the French General Savary and the 76-year-old Prussian officer of Schoelerpark which it to life imprisonment was condemned.
Street sign to the Holtenser Warte
Information board near Holtensen, behind walls and a stream of the Landwehr
Building the Wehrberger waiting
Information board at the former location of the Berkeler Warte
literature
- Gerhard Pieper: Hameln Fortress. History, buildings and institutions. Hameln 2006, ISBN 3-8271-9303-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst Knoke: Escape into the city before plundering hordes. Many small villages around Hameln are from their inhabitants in the 13th-15th centuries. Century was abandoned in Dewezet on June 7, 2010
- ^ Association for Border Relationship and Home Care of 1930 Hameln eV ( Memento of the original from February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wehrbergen near the city of Hameln
- ↑ Hameln - formerly the "Gibraltar of the North"
