Hammer Ebnath
The hammer Ebnath was an iron hammer in the Upper Palatinate town of Ebnath of the same name . The work was operated by a branch of the Fichtelnaab, which has now disappeared, in the moat below Ebnath Castle . Even today the coat of arms of the municipality with an iron hammer in the head of the shield testifies to the early iron production there.
history
It can be assumed that the hammer mill at Ebnath already existed before 1362. This year, Count Palatine Ruprecht I sold the hammer at Ebenode Wolfeln to the Kamerer , citizen of Amberg. In addition, he was allowed to hew in “our woods and forests like all our citizens in Amberg and in our country”. This supply of charcoal was an indispensable prerequisite for operating a hammer mill. However, the hammer is not included in the directory of the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning from 1387, since the work was a sheet hammer and not a rail hammer , and only the latter were included in the hammer cleaning as an iron-producing works; Tin hammers were not incorporated into the unification until 1464.
1413 the hammer Ebnod had to pay money interest to Walpurgis (February 25th) and Machaelis (September 29th). In 1426 the hammer at Ebnath is mentioned again, which at that time was bought by the Lords of Hirschberg for 220 fl from the previous owners together with the Ebnath estate . This hammer is also always mentioned in the later feudal deeds, with the stipulation that in the event of a repurchase this sum must also be redeemed (for example, in the feudal lapel of Sebastian von Hirschberg of December 14, 1477, “and wan the above Our gracious lord, lord Ludwig… you will lose the above-mentioned veste Ebenod with villages and other affiliations and bring it to the bar if you want to lose the above-mentioned hammer and its affiliations for the 220 gulden with the above-mentioned veste Ebenod ”).
Important for the development of the iron industry around Ebnath was the prospecting permit, which Elector Philipp von der Pfalz gave to the brothers Hermann and Hans von Hirschberg in April 1478 in two to three miles “umb the Melmeusel and in the Zwisel and on the Meringer pach” for everything Metal, "it be gold, silver, copper, tin, pley, mercury or eysen, everything and yedes" existed; With the handover of the Bergregal further authorizations were connected, “to be able to do the self heuser, wonungen, wismat, arable and garden and to pau”, “also to pau the hammer to Melmeusel ... or to make another hammer, smelter or hearth”.
A tombstone of the hammer master Johann ///// zu Ebnath († 1618) is attached to the outside of the parish church of St. Egidius von Ebnath . Further epitaphs in the church refer to Margaretha von Altmannshausen († January 16, 1676), b. Rehlingen zu Horgau , wife of the hammer gentleman Johann Ernst von Altmannshausen zu Neuenthann , district judge at Waldeck.
In 1630 Carl Schreyer owns the tin hammer at Ebnath. In a report from January 16, 1666 about the state of mining and hammering in the Upper Palatinate, Ebnath says: “ Ain hammer zu Ebnath, which Hans Sigmund Schreyer has inside and which is subject to those of Hirschberg with the lower jurisdiction, is also feasible dermally. Schreyer says that about Neuensorg and Riglasreuth, but that's bad. - Then Niclas Schreyer has a feasible hammer to the aforementioned Ebnath, why he fetches the ore from the places mentioned above. - Furthermore, Carl Schreyer also has a hammer at Ebnath, but it is impassable and very desolate, which he is unable to break up again. “So there are three hammer mills mentioned here. A hammer at Niederlinden is also mentioned, which at that time belonged to Hofmark Ebnath; It says: “A hammer in Niederlinden, owned by Balthasar Paur in the Hofmark Ebnath, although passable, but not by him, but by von Altmannshausen as the owner of the Fichtelberg mine, to whom such 'stock' is left, ordered and there the bad 'doctor' just mentioned is processed. "
On November 30, 1670, Johann Ernst von Altmannhausen , electoral sergeant on foot and district judge von Waldeck, took over the deserted hammer in the village of Ebnath from Wolf Adam von Hirschberg zu Schwarzenreuth and his son Johann Christoph Gottfried zu Ebnath with 25 days of work in the field and 17 days of work in meadows acquired. Before that, Niklas König owned the hammer. Ernst von Altmannhausen had already taken over the Hammer Oberlind from Otto Lefen on May 8, 1658 and bought Hammer Niederlind , now Unterlind, in 1664 first on a lease from Balthasar Bauer and then in 1674 by purchase. However, he had to flee the country in 1689 because of accusations of misappropriating revenue from the sovereign; however, there was no guilty verdict against him. Nothing is known about the further fate of the hammer in the village, presumably it was no longer put into operation after the departure of Ernst von Altmannhausen , the walls fell into disrepair, access ditches and reservoirs (called "school ponds") were filled in and nothing indicates this anymore earlier work.
In the last enfeoffment with the man knight fief Ebnath to the Hirschberger on November 14th, 1799 several iron works are mentioned here , namely the Waffenhammer in Grünberg , the sheet metal rolling mill in Unterlind (today part of Mehlmeisel ), five fresh fires in Ebnath, Mitter-, Ober - and Unterlind as well as in Selingau and another blue fire in Ebnath, the so-called Schenkelhammer .
literature
- Hans Müller-Ihl: Hofmark Ebnath. Home on the upper Fichtelnaab. Ebnath community administration, Coburg 1979.
- H. Schellein: From the iron hammers on the upper Fichtelnaab. In: Hans Müller-Ihl (1979), pp. 215-221.
- Herbert Sturm: Historical Atlas of Bavaria: Kemnath. District judge Waldeck-Kemnath with sub-office Pressath. Munich 1975, in: Hans Müller-Ihl (1979), pp. 47-122.
- Friedrich Hermann Hofmann: The art monuments of Bavaria / 2.13: The art monuments of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg; District Office Beilngries; 2, District Court of Riedenburg from the eleventh to the end of the eighteenth century. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1908, pp. 7–13.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ H. Schellein: From the iron hammers on the upper Fichtelnaab. In: Hans Müller-Ihl: Hofmark Ebnath. Home on the upper Fichtelnaab. Pp. 215-221.
- ↑ a b Julius thinking: contributions to the history of the mountain and hammer being in the Electoral Palatinate. 1902, p. 187.
Coordinates: 49 ° 57 ′ 2.1 ″ N , 11 ° 56 ′ 30.8 ″ E