Handball referee

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A handball referee shows the yellow card.
Frank Lemme (right) and Bernd Ullrich (left), elected several times as referee of the year
Bernd (†) and Reiner Methe (†) , one of the most famous German referee teams

Handball referees are among the most stressed referees in sport. This is due to the relatively often required decision-making in this sport. According to various studies, handball referees have up to ten times more decisions to make in a game than, say, football referees.

Duties of the handball referees

The two referees (in yellow) are supported by the referee (in orange)
A referee issues a two-minute time penalty
The referee shows the warning signs of passive play to

A handball game is presided over by two referees with equal rights. In exceptional cases, for example due to a short-term illness, a game can be directed by just one referee. Most regions only have one referee in the youth division and in the lower adult divisions. This is regulated in the respective implementation regulations of the associations. From the district, partly state level, only two referees are active on the field.

The teams are usually located between the two referees who, due to their position on the field of play, are differentiated into goal and field referees. The referees stand diagonally so that they each have a close view of a touchline. If the ball changes possession, the position of the referees changes automatically. The goal referee becomes the field referee and vice versa. In order to regularly get a different perspective, a so-called “long change” is carried out about every ten minutes, usually after a 7-meter decision or during a game interruption. This means that the referees swap their positions so that they have the other team right in front of them. In addition, the referees usually change sides every five minutes (short change).

The complex game and the enormous speed of handball place high demands on the referees and they have to be able to make decisions within fractions of a second. If both have a different opinion on a situation, the joint decision that they reach after a brief consultation (during a time-out) applies. The decision of the court referee is decisive only if the two referees cannot agree jointly.

In handball, the referees are supported by two additional referees at the referee, which is located between the changing benches. The secretary and timekeeper take care of the formal things that arise during a game (starting / stopping the game clock, noting the 2-minute time penalties, noting the goals, etc.). Furthermore, they observe the exchange area and, if necessary, inform the referees of any substitution errors that have been made and are subsequently punished.

requirements

In almost all divisions, handball referees must complete an annual certificate of proficiency. This consists of at least one theoretical rule test and can include a practical part of the running test . The aim is to check the physical and mental fitness of the referees. This test is not necessary in the lower grades.

Theoretical test

30 standard questions from a questionnaire of approx. 332 questions must be answered in 45 minutes under exam conditions. The entire questionnaire is known and accessible to every referee and layperson, for example via the Internet.

Practical test

Basically, the referees have to complete a running test in which they have to run 2400 m in or under 12 minutes. Women are granted an extra minute. The test is based on the Cooper test , which checks which distance a runner covers in 12 minutes. However, depending on their age, the referees can also receive a time bonus.

IHF test

At IHF level, a detailed fitness test consisting of:

  1. 20 m sprint (start),
  2. Jump test,
  3. Shuttle sprint (3 × 10 m with change of direction),
  4. Balance test,
  5. Coordination sprint with memory tasks,
  6. Shuttle run (20 m shuttle run with a defined, increasing speed in four stages),
  7. subsequent reaction test (after the shuttle run),

carried out.

equipment

The most important piece of equipment for a handball referee: the whistle
Scraping card / note card for handball referees
Yellow, red and blue cards

The basic equipment of a handball referee consists of:

  • Jerseys, pants, shoes and socks
The clothing of both referees must be coordinated and visually stand out from the 4 jersey colors of both teams (color rule: 1st color: referee, 2nd color: home team (field), 3rd color: home team (goalkeeper), 4th color: Visiting team (field) and 5th color: visiting team (goalkeeper).
In many regional associations, such as in Württemberg, it is even mandatory that the referees wear black pants and jerseys that clearly stand out from the jersey colors of the two teams.
  • Swab card and pen
The referees mainly note goals and disciplinary penalties (e.g. two-minute time penalties), special incidents and team time-outs on their scratch card. The referees must keep the two scraping cards at the end of the game so that they can be shown in case of doubt or at the request of the association.
  • Dial mark
For the choice of side .
  • Referee whistle
With the whistle, the referee gives a clear acoustic signal to interrupt the game (e.g. in the event of a rule violation) and to restart the game (e.g. to throw off a goal).
To display a warning or a dismissal due to a rule violation.
  • Clock
According to the rules, the referees are responsible for the playing time, even if there is a separate timekeeper. Should the official clock fail, the referee's time will be taken over. A good team of timekeepers can run a second clock that can be stopped by hand.
  • Set of rules
The current set of rules serves to interpret the handball rules.
  • Technical aids
The referees can use wireless radios to improve communication . As an alternative to the clock and calibration card, apps are available that combine both.

Referee teams

While only one referee is often used in the youth sector and in the lower divisions, two referees are appointed in the higher division, the so-called referee team.

Referee teams at DHB level

Elite squad:
Geipel / Helbig
Schulze / Tönnies
Baumgart / Wild
Brodbeck / Reich
Merz / Schilha
Thöne / Zupanovic
Hurst / Krag
Immel / Klein
Behrens / Fasthoff
Hartmann / Schneider
Blümel / Loppaschewski
Coarse / Kinzel
Kilp / Maier
Thiyagarajah / Thiyagarajah
Köppl / Regner
Elite squad follow-up squad:
Heinz / Lenhardt
Dinges / cherry
from the village / from the village
Otto / Piper
Core / cuddle
Bundesliga squad:
Fratczak / Ribeiro
Hörath / Hofmann
Schaban / Westphal
Lier / Lier
Linker / Schmidt
Heine / Standke
Karamuk / Blessed
Briese / von der Beeck
Latch / latch
Fedtke / Wienrich
Hellbusch / Jansen
Kruger / Schmidt
Dauben / Rohmer
Moles / Pittner
Cuddle / sink
Kruska / Lange
Hannes / Hannes
Junior squad:
Friedel / Herrmann
Kauth / Kolb
Miller / Miller
Cesnik / Konrad
Eckert / Ludwig
Push / White
Blunck / Maczeyzik


well-known former Bundesliga referee

Austrian referee

Gerhard Reisinger (left) and Christian Kaschütz at the Men's Handball Championship 2010

International IHF / EHF

  • Denis Bolic / Christoph Hurich (EHF / IHF)
  • Florian Hofer / Andreas Schmidhuber (EHF)
  • Ana Vranes / Marlis Wenniger (EHF / IHF-GRTP Program)
  • Radojko Brkic / Andrei Jusufhodzic (EHF / IHF)

A-squad

  • Alexandra Pichler / Martin Kotrc
  • Mirsad Begović / Vladimir Bubalo
  • Stefan Gehart / Mathias Ried
  • Christoph Heiter / Amel Kocic
  • Christian Posch / Stefan Stangl
  • Peter Wallner / Florian Weber
  • Peter Füchsl / Tomas Mohler
  • Florian Hug / Raphael Löschnig

HLA perspective cadre

  • Jasmin Gradincic / Zlatan Gradincic

B-squad

  • Adnan Dautovic / Predrag Tufegdzic
  • Marc Schober / Rico Stollberg
  • Alexander Hutecek / Mathias Plessl
  • Alexander Göschl / Anton Hribernig
  • Kathrin Lauter / Anna Wiesauer
  • Richard Varga / Juraj Volentics
  • Ginel Florin Anastase / Martin Römer
  • Mathias Baumgartner / Michael Mugrauer
  • Verena Böck / Gerald Menclik
  • Monica Kiesewetter / Dragana Mirnic
  • Matthias Karel / Ivan Tričković
  • Mario Sauschlager / Jakob Schreiner
  • Lena Hofmarcher / Dragana Ugarkovic

Federal referee candidates

  • Pia Haden / Yvonne Stegfellner
  • Adham Hamed / Alexander Lohr

Swiss referee

International arbitrators
  • Arthur Brunner / Morad Salah (IHF, EHF)
  • Samuel Bernet / Dominique Wick (EHF)
  • Marco Meyer / André Buache (EHF)
  • Robin Sager / Stefan Styger (EHF)
  • Anthamatten / Wapp (EHF-YRP)

(update: June 17, 2014 / SRO / RB)

Referee team of the season

At the end of the season, in the German handball Bundesliga , mostly in the context of the so-called “Allstar Game”, the title “Player of the Season” and the title “Referee of the Season” are awarded.

  • 2010/2011 Methe / Methe
  • 2009/2010 Methe / Methe
  • 2008/2009 Methe / Methe
  • 2007/2008 Lemme / Ullrich
  • 2006/2007 Lemme / Ullrich
  • 2005/2006 Lemme / Ullrich
  • 2004/2005 Lemme / Ullrich
  • 2001/2002 Lemme / Ullrich

Betting ban

In 2005 a betting ban was imposed on the referees of the German handball league. The referees had to accept the betting ban in writing. The background to the decision is the experience in the soccer betting scandal in 2005 about soccer referee Robert Hoyzer . From 2008 there will be a ban on betting for handball referees across Germany.

Lack of referees

Many associations have recorded declining referee numbers for years. Each club has, depending on the number of teams registered, to provide a certain number of referees. If this number is not reached, various associations impose penalties on the clubs concerned. In the Hessian Handball Association , fines of up to 800 euros per season and no referee are imposed in the event of recurrence. In addition, the club's team that plays in the top division in this association receives one penalty point for each missing referee at the end of the season. The problem of declining referee numbers and the penalties imposed by the associations are not handball-specific. This phenomenon can be observed in many sports such as soccer , basketball and ice hockey .

There are many reasons why the associations suffer from a lack of referees. Verbal derailments and slurs against the referees by players, officials and visitors have caused considerable damage to the reputation and motivation of the “men in black”. Around 2000 handball referees are trained in one season. Approx. 60% of them stop in the first year. The average duration of the arbitration activity is only approx. 18 months.

A Cologne sports marketing agency has taken on this topic and developed a project called "Super-Schieri". With a broad campaign, handball associations and clubs across Germany want to support and promote their offspring. The topic of “young referees” is a known problem in many sports. In handball alone, several thousand matches take place every weekend, which are whistled by young referees. Clubs and associations face the challenge in various ways to win young people for this important task, to support and encourage them. Under the direction of the former Bundesliga referee Frank-Michael Teschauer, together with a small group of experts, a basic concept was drawn up and presented to various associations in Germany since summer 2008. The main features: the subject of youth referees coming to a head on the adventurous world of the “super-schieris”; Information and motivation from well-known personalities; systematic training of young people in theory and practice; Educating parents and teachers about the role, its challenges and opportunities; Care of the Schieris by experienced sponsors; Exchange of experiences with each other at and through own events and virtually via the Internet.

literature

Web links

See also

Handball rules , handball

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Referee test
  2. ↑ New fitness test for IHF referees ( memento of the original dated August 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / schieris.de
  3. ↑ Referee equipment ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Referee regulations of the handball association Württemberg ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In many regional associations, such as the handball association Mittelrhein, there is a mandatory divide. This means that the referees are only allowed to whistle with a certain model of a company. Other associations allow an openness to divisions - the referees can wear any jersey.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hvw-online.org
  5. ↑ Archive link ( memento of the original from January 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / refcp.com
  6. ↑ https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-1-106287.html
  7. ↑ [1]
  8. ↑ a b Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oehb.sportlive.at
  9. ^ ÖHB cadre. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 27, 2017 ; accessed on April 21, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oehb.sportlive.at
  10. ^ ÖHB cadre. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 28, 2017 ; Retrieved June 26, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oehb.sportlive.at
  11. ↑ http://oehb-handball.liga.nu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/nuLigaDokumentHBAT.woa/2/wa/nuDokument?dokument=MeetingReportHBFOP&meeting=13844&preferredLanguage=German&etag=5c1b9c056dc026-a13509. Retrieved August 28, 2017 .
  12. ↑ a b c handball-world.news: Title of the season: Andersson, Gislason and Geipel / Helbig receive awards from HBL , accessed on October 25, 2017
  13. ↑ Referee for the 2010/2011 season
  14. ^ Arbitrator of the year 2006
  15. ^ Referee of the year 2002
  16. ↑ a b Lack of referees in Hesse (based on an article in the FAZ dated December 31, 2002)
  17. ↑ The handball referee ( Memento from October 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  1. Referee side