Hans Kurt Eisner

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Hans Kurt Eisner, around 1923

Hans Kurt Eisner (born December 4, 1903 in Groß-Lichterfelde , Teltow district , Brandenburg province ; † August 26, 1942 in Buchenwald concentration camp ) was a German photographer, advertising designer and filmmaker.

family

Elise and Kurt Eisner (Prime Minister) with Hans Unterleitner (Minister) in January 1919

He was the fifth and youngest child and second son of the journalist, writer, pacifist and socialist revolutionary Kurt Eisner and his Evangelical Lutheran. Wife of the painter Auguste Ludowika Elisabeth "Lisbeth" (1867–1949), née Hendrich. She was the daughter of the landscape painter August Hendrich from Eberswalde . Kurt Eisner's first marriage, which was divorced in 1917, had five children.

Hans Kurt Eisner's four older siblings were Reinhard (born November 22, 1893 in Marburg), Ilse Hedwig (born October 23, 1895 in Marburg), Doris Hildegard "Hilde" (born May 2, 1897 in Marburg) , who later married Hans Unterleitner and Jenny Eva (born May 26, 1899 in Groß-Lichterfelde).

Hans Kurt Eisner had two stepsisters, Freia (born June 6, 1907 in Munich) and Ruth (born October 30, 1909 in Großhadern) from his father's first extramarital partnership with the editor Elise "Else" (1887–1940), née Belli ).

Life

Hans Kurt Eisner opened his photo and film studio at Berlin's Belle-Alliance-Platz

In the spring of 1909, Hans Kurt and his sister Ilse Hedwig and their father moved into the Villa Hadener Lindenallee 8 (today: Pfingstrosenstraße 8) of his new partner Else Belli in Großhadern.

After the murder of his father in 1919, Hans Kurt Eisner visited the reformed educational rural education home Freie Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf near Saalfeld in the Thuringian Forest .

From the mid-1920s he worked for the film and photography service of the Reich Committee for Socialist Education . At the Belle-Alliance-Platz in Berlin , near the SPD party headquarters, he opened his own studio for advertising photography and film, which from 1931 presumably served as the cover address of the resistance group zbV (= for special use). This prepared itself for a possible government participation of the National Socialists by training radio operators, building a secret transmitter network and supplying itself with weapons.

When the publishing house of the Social Democratic Party blade forward was on 7 March 1933 examined, it also took the there present Hans Kurt Eisner and his fiancée fixed because he had illegal photos made, which by the SA devastated home of the SPD Reichstag deputies Kurt Lowenstein showed . Eisner was initially imprisoned in the Berlin-Spandau prison and in the Brandenburg-Görden prison, later transported to the Lichtenburg concentration camp . His transfer from the Esterwegen concentration camp ( Emsland ) to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp ( Oranienburg ) is documented for September 1936 . In February 1937 he was sent from there to the Dachau concentration camp . There he was either forced to write letters to the editor to the exiled SPD weekly newspaper Neuer Vorwärts to Karlsbad , or the camp administration simply used the name, which was well known by his father.

As a political prisoner and a Jew , he was brought to the Buchenwald concentration camp in September 1938, where he had the prisoner number 7992, later 2737. He was housed in Block 28 and was first used in the room service, but then assigned to Construction Commands I and III, the most difficult Had to do work in the quarry . Later he was able to work in an internal command in the carpentry and probably also in the vegetable gardening, where the work was not that difficult.

During a search of his commando's workshop, members of the camp SS discovered sixty stolen bars of soap. Hans Kurt Eisner was also questioned about this, but refused to denounce the thief. Instead, he accused himself. Thereupon he was murdered at the age of 38 in the prisoner's infirmary by SS camp doctor Waldemar Hoven using a poison injection. Acute heart failure was given as the official cause of death.

He is remembered in the Buchenwald concentration camp memorial.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Earle Gurganus: Kurt Eisner. A modern life . Boydell & Brewer , Woodbridge, Suffolk, 2018. ISBN 978-1-6401-4015-8 , p. 142.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Wolfgang Röll: Social Democrats in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937–1945 . Edited by the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2000. p. 281.
  3. ↑ Eisner, Lisbeth . In: Deutsche Biographie , on: deutsche-biographie.de
  4. ^ Levke Harders: Kurt Eisner 1867-1919 . In: German Historical Museum, September 14, 2014, on: dhm.de
  5. ↑ Kurt Eisner 1867-1919 . In: German Historical Museum, on: dhm.de
  6. ↑ State Archives Munich, Pol. Dir. 15585, letter from the Nuremberg City Council to the Munich Police Department, Nuremberg, July 25, 1919 (copy). Quoted from: Bernhard Grau : Kurt Eisner, 1867–1919. A biography . CH Beck, Munich 2001. ISBN 978-3-4064-7158-2 , p. 544. Note 31.
  7. ^ Bernhard Grau: Kurt Eisner, 1867-1919. A biography . CH Beck, Munich 2001. ISBN 978-3-4064-7158-2 , p. 91.
  8. ↑ a b c Kurt Eisner . In: Revolutionszeitung , joint project Münchner Zeitensprünge / Munich city history, on: revolutionszeitung.de
  9. ^ Albert Earle Gurganus: Kurt Eisner. A modern life . Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 2018. ISBN 978-1-6401-4015-8 , p. 240.
  10. ↑ Documents of the children Freia and Ruth Eisner . In: Bundesarchiv, Nachlass Kurt Eisner, signatures NY 4060/129 - NY 4060/136, on: bundesarchiv.de
  11. ↑ Peter Dudek : “You are and will remain the old abstract ideologue!” The reform pedagogue Gustav Wyneken (1875–1864). A biography . Julius Klinkhardt, 2017. ISBN 978-3-7815-2176-6 , p. 153.
  12. ↑ Photo: Hans Kurt Eisner, approx. 1925 . In: Archive of Social Democracy, on: europeana.eu
  13. ↑ Photo: Hans Kurt Eisner . In: Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, at: Buchenwald.de
  14. ↑ a b c Kurt Eisner jr. . In: Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, at: Buchenwald.de
  15. ↑ a b Jewish hostages in Dachau. Blackmail letter from the camp management to the "New Forward" , signed Kurt Eisner. In: Neuer Vorwärts , Vol. 5, No. 235, December 12, 1937, p. 1, columns 2–4; Continued on p. 2, column 1.
  16. ^ A b Wolfgang Röll: Social Democrats in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp 1937–1945 . Edited by the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2000. pp. 85-87.
  17. ^ The blackmailers of Dachau. Solitary confinement extended by a week . In: Neuer Vorwärts , Vol. 5, No. 236, December 19, 1937, p. 1, columns 2–4; Continued on p. 2, column 1.
  18. ^ Written notification from the command office of KL Buchenwald to Reinhard Eisner. Copy in the BwA, contained in: Material for the exhibition Life - Terror - Spirit. Buchenwald Concentration Camp: portraits of artists and intellectuals , 25 July to 25 October 1999 in the Buchenwald Memorial, then in the Goethe National Museum Weimar, in the Langenstein-Zwieberge Memorial and at the Bauhaus in Dessau.
  19. ^ Report by Ernst Friedrich Walz (born October 5, 1909 in Nuremberg, Buchenwald prisoner 4905) on the murder of Hans Kurt Eisner, undated.
  20. ↑ Leave the country! The suffering of the family of the man who founded the Free State of Bavaria . In: Nürnberger Nachrichten , 21./22. August 1982.
  21. ↑ Hans Kurt Eisner . In: Buchenwald Concentration Camp Memorial, Memorial ID 122927964, at: findagrave.com
personal data
SURNAME Eisner, Hans Kurt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German photographer, advertising designer and filmmaker
DATE OF BIRTH 4th December 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Groß-Lichterfelde , Teltow District , Brandenburg Province
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1942
Place of death Buchenwald concentration camp