Braunschweig main cemetery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Plan of the main cemetery
Entrance of the neo-Gothic cemetery chapel by Ludwig Winter .

The main cemetery in Braunschweig is a central Protestant burial place on Helmstedter Straße sponsored by the Evangelical Lutheran Church Association of Braunschweig. It was laid out in 1887 as the Central Cemetery or Central Cemetery and at that time replaced the decentralized cemeteries of the Protestant parishes of Braunschweig. Until the suburbs and their district cemeteries were incorporated, the main cemetery remained the only Protestant cemetery in the city. With around 42 hectares, it is now one of the largest church burial grounds in Germany . On the grounds of the main cemetery are the Protestant cemetery administration, the Protestant cemetery chapel, which was built according to plans by the architect Ludwig Winter, and a celebration room for the funeral ceremonies. The cemetery is the final resting place of many well-known personalities, including the city's mayor, architects, writers, artists and company founders.

Adjacent to the main cemetery there are also cemeteries of other religious communities as well as municipal facilities. The cemeteries are in the east of the city in what is now the Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof district , where there are other historic cemeteries.

history

Up to the 18th century , deceased citizens of the city were buried in the church yards directly surrounding the city churches , i.e. directly within the city walls. Due to the growing awareness among the population of the resulting health risks, Duke Charles I prohibited the further use of these inner city cemeteries from 1764, so that the previous cemeteries were relocated to the gates of the city. The old inner-city cemeteries were mostly leveled and planted with trees.

At the beginning of the 1870s, the problem of impending overcrowding arose for the first time, namely in the cemetery of the Katharinenkirche . The time was reached at the end of the 19th century . As part of the city expansion of Braunschweig at the end of the 19th century and the associated traffic-related reasons, the main cemetery was finally established between Helmstedter Strasse and the railway facilities on the eastern edge of the city. In the Middle Ages, the village of Morthop was located here on the Streitberg . It is said to have originated around 800 and which fell in desolation after the founding of the Riddagshausen monastery in the 12th century .

The “Centralfriedhof” was inaugurated on October 1, 1887 and has since replaced the Protestant cemeteries of the individual parishes. However, the previous cemeteries were not closed, but simply no longer re-occupied, unless grave sites were reserved early and were occupied by December 31, 1894 at the latest. City planning officer Ludwig Winter designed the cemetery complex with the two residential buildings for the cemetery administrator and gardener (today the seat of the cemetery administration) at the main entrance and the cemetery chapel in the historicism style and in 1911 the crematorium .

Since November 1954, the main cemetery and the crematorium have been connected to tram line 2. In 1962 the chapel of the main cemetery was given a new organ, and on October 7, 1976, the new entrance building and the redesigned forecourt were handed over by the town church building department.

Known buried

In the main cemetery are u. a. Oswald Berkhan , Ernst Böhme , Käthe Buchler , Heinrich Büssing , Richard Dedekind , Walter Dexel , Rudolf Huch , Hugo Luther , Adolf Quensen , Wilhelm Raabe and his daughter Margarethe , Norbert Schultze , Hans Sommer , Julius Spiegelberg , Franz Trinks , Constantin Uhde and Ludwig Buried in winter . An inscription on the grave of his parents commemorates Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg .

Hermann Blumenau's bones were exhumed on June 20, 1974 and transferred to the city ​​of Blumenau , which he founded in Brazil in 1850 , where a mausoleum was built for him.

For other graves of well-known personalities and graves of honor, see web links.

Graves of well-known Brunswick residents

Special areas

The cemetery of honor 1914–1918

The Tomb Museum, an exhibition area for historical tombs, is located in Department 24A in the northwestern part of the cemetery area .

In Department 46 there is a separate area for the burial of the sisters of the nearby Protestant hospital Marienstift .

Department 83 was opened on April 22, 1994 as a burial ground for Muslims . At the entrance there is a stone with the inscription "Islamic Cemetery".

Cemeteries of honor

There are several military cemeteries with war graves from the First and Second World Wars on the cemetery complex. They are in the eastern part in Departments 66 and 70. In the War Graves section 1914–1918 (Department 66) there are memorials for the Hussar Regiment No. 17 (November 27, 1921), the 92 Infantry Regiment (September 19, 1922) and the Reserve Infantry Regiment 78 (July 6, 1924). On May 13, 1928, the memorial was inaugurated for the Braunschweig residents who were missing in the First World War. On May 20, 1956, a memorial for the fallen paratroopers was inaugurated. On May 4, 1958, another memorial was inaugurated for the fallen of the 92nd Infantry Regiment, which had previously stood in Belgium.

The Ehrenfriedhof 1914–1918 was completed in several stages by 1928. On May 12, 1915, the city council approved the procurement of memorial stones for the buried soldiers. Cemetery inspector Wilhelm Heumann was responsible for implementing the system. The memorial stones on the soldiers' graves are made of Elm limestone and have cast iron name plates, and iron crosses have been placed on them. In the 1950s, the cemetery of honor was redesigned and memorials were also placed there.

  • Missing Monument

  • Monument to the 92nd Infantry Regiment (1922)

  • Monument to the 17th Hussar Regiment

  • Memorial Reserve Infantry Regiment 78th

  • Paratrooper memorial

  • Prisoner of War Memorial

  • Monument to 92nd Infantry Regiment (1915)

  • Monument to the fallen 1870/71

Neighboring cemeteries

Georg Lübke's Jewish "Chapel"

Other large cemeteries are adjacent to the main cemetery, such as the city ​​cemetery , which is sponsored by the city of Braunschweig and behind it the Catholic cemetery , which is sponsored by the parish of St. Aegidien. The Jewish cemetery is located between the main cemetery and the city cemetery . The Catholic cemetery was inaugurated on November 1, 1901, the city cemetery was opened in 1914.

The memorial for the eleven victims of the Rieseberg murders of 1933 and a memorial stone for the dead of both world wars, the tyranny and the expulsion, dedicated on November 18, 1962, are located in the city cemetery October a memorial service for the victims of the bombing of October 15, 1944 was held. The foreigners cemetery is also located there. It also has a ritual wash house for Muslims.

Since November 16, 1958, a memorial stone has been commemorating the victims of the Jewish community under National Socialist rule at the Jewish cemetery on Helmstedter Strasse, whose funeral hall (the so-called Jewish chapel) was designed by Georg Lübke in 1914 . The Jewish chapel was inaugurated again in June 1981 after extensive restoration work.

literature

  • Camerer, Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992
  • Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon - supplementary volume , Braunschweig 1996
  • Ev.-luth. City Church Association (ed.): Main cemetery Braunschweig. Past and present , 2nd edition, Braunschweig 1997
  • Ev.-luth. Church association Braunschweig (ed.): Main cemetery Braunschweig , 4th edition, o. O. 1997 (Flyer)
  • Ev.-luth. Church association Braunschweig (ed.): The cemeteries of the Ev.-luth. Church Association in Braunschweig , o. O. 2012
  • Ev.-luth. Church Association Braunschweig (Ed.): Brunnenwege - Main Cemetery Braunschweig , Braunschweig 2012

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ev.-luth. City Church Association (ed.): Main cemetery Braunschweig. Past and present , 2nd edition, Braunschweig 1997, p. 3
  2. ^ Rudolf Blasius (Ed.): Braunschweig in the year MDCCCXCVII. Festschrift for the participants in the LXIX meeting of German natural scientists and doctors. Meyer, Braunschweig 1897, ( digitized version ), p. 363.
  3. ^ Rudolf Blasius: Braunschweig in the year MDCCCXCVIII. Festschrift for the participants in the LXIX meeting of German natural scientists and physicians , Braunschweig 1897, p. 364
  4. ↑ Peace Path ( Memento from November 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Cemetery of honor in miniature format: TU architects built a model for the State Museum on braunschweigheute.de

Web links

Commons : Hauptfriedhof Braunschweig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 20.3 "  N , 10 ° 33 ′ 23.3"  E