Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof
Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof  city district Braunschweig
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 Location of Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof (red) |
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| District Mayor: | Frank Flake ( SPD ) |
| District: | No. 132 |
| Residents: | 13,141 (Dec. 31, 2015) |
| Surface: | 6.71 km² |
| Population density: | 1,869 inhabitants per km² |
| Postcodes: | 38102, 38126, 38124 |
 Quarters in the municipality |
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Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof is one of 19 districts in Braunschweig . It has the official number 132 and includes some parts of the city to the south. The city district has existed since November 1, 1981, after Braunschweig was divided into city districts in accordance with Section 55 of the Lower Saxony Municipal Code .
District information
Together with the city district of the city center , Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof forms the municipal electoral area 13 city center / southern ring.
It got its name from the workers' settlement Bebelhof in the south and the Park Viewegs Garten in the north. Due to the extensive track systems of the Braunschweig main station, which opened in 1960, and the neighboring main freight station, the district is divided into three parts: In the north-west, the Viewegsgarten and Bürgerpark areas , in the south, Bebelhof and Zuckerberg, and in the north-east, a district with industry that has arisen from the Flecken or Bleek St. Leonhard -, commercial and residential areas and the large main cemetery . Several arterial roads and industrial areas, but also green spaces, divide the city district into different residential districts or quarters.
The Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof district is essentially congruent with the statistical districts 09 Viewegsgarten, 10 Bürgerpark, 20 Hauptfriedhof, 21 Hauptbahnhof, 22 Bebelhof and 23 Zuckerberg.
From 1934 to 1967 the urban area was largely identical to the statistical district Altewiek.
- politics
| District Council: | |
| SPD | 4 seats |
| CDU | 5 seats |
| Green | 4 seats |
| BIBS | 1 seat |
| The left | 1 seat |
Development and change of the district
prehistory
- Between the old trade routes, the city and the Landwehr
Today's district can already be roughly delimited in the Middle Ages by the city fortifications, two old trade routes and the Braunschweiger Landwehr .
The Helmstedter Strasse, which today forms part of the border with the Eastern Ring Area , has as part of the long-distance trade or military route from Flanders and Cologne via the Braunschweig Okerfurt to Helmstedt, Magdeburg and Leipzig (see literature: Bornstedt, 1969) “up to the Slavic countries “existed before the city was founded or influenced it. On the current site of the main cemetery belonging to the municipality near the Streitberg, various authors from around 800 suspect the desert of Morthorp, which is mentioned in the consecration certificate of the Magnikirche . The desert has risen as a grangie in the Neudorf von Riddagshausen .
The Bleek St. Leonhard was also built in the immediate vicinity of the road to Helmstedt from the 11th century.
Parallel to the Oker, another important trade route led south to Wolfenbüttel and Halberstadt . The mill town of Eisenbüttel was on this road (a little off the beaten track) and the Ekthi desert to the south of the Zuckerberg. Wolfenbütteler Strasse was not only important as a trade and military route, but also as a ducal road from the 17th century onwards (cf. Bornstedt (1984)). According to Bornstedt (1984), who refers to an old handwriting by Creitz (see literature), there was a sugar jug on today's Zuckerberg. Bornstedt assumes that this was the owner's name and that the Zuckerberg takes its name from it. According to Bornstedt (1981), on the southern slope of the Zuckerberg from 500 onwards, there was the desert Ekthi, a settlement with about 120 acres . The settlement is mentioned in the ordination of 1031 of the Magni Church. (By the way, another settlement called Ekthi was located in today's Eichtal in the western ring area .)
In the east, the riverbed of the Wabe or the Mittelriede can be seen as a reference point for historical times , i.e. the course of the Braunschweiger Landwehr, even if the border of the city district runs a little further to the east. The rivers form the border with Riddagshausen . The area of St. Leonhard for a time included the broken mast belonging to the Siechenholz, which came to Riddagshausen in 1281. Approximately from the Mastbruch, an imaginary line to the Zuckerberg on Wolfenbütteler Straße forms the border, from which the Rautheim, mentioned in 1230 in the consecration protocol of the Magni Church, lies to the southeast .
Towards the city, the district was bounded by the city wall or the glacis . The stone gate, the magnitor (until it was combined with the stone gate in 1700), the Aegidientor until 1730 and the August gate from 1730 were the entrances to the city.
In the area of today's Bebelhof settlement was the Limbeki desert , which is also mentioned in the ordination of the Magni Church from 1031. Bornstedt terminates in “St. Magni 1031–1981 “the origin to before 500 or 500 to 800 and suspects the dissolution of the desert into the fields and meadows of the city hall of Braunschweig in the 14th to 15th centuries. The name of the area is changing: Limbeke, illa Limbeke, up dem Limbeken veldhe, Lemkenfelde, Lemkencampe, Lämmchenteich and Lämmchenkamp are proven names. Bornstedt calls the Lämmchenbach, other authors the Lämmchenriede as rivers that flow into the Oker near Eisenbüttel. Whether it is the name of the same river or whether it refers to different rivers (which are shown on old maps) cannot be clarified. The area came into the possession of the St. Aegidien Monastery from the 12th century .
Until the middle of the 19th century
- Agriculture and horticulture
The current district was used for agriculture early on. Gardens, fields, pastures, vineyards (on the Zuckerberg) and two windmills can be found on all maps showing the outer city, e.g. B. on a woodcut from 1547. There was a sheep farm in St. Leonhard. The fields and gardens were then exposed or were delimited by wicker fences, which also offered protection against thieves and game. They were built with arbors and rarely summer houses.
At least part of the gardens belonged to arable farmers in the city center, probably in Altewiek. From 1700 onwards, more and more commercial gardens developed, and the later Viewegs garden was also created. When the ramparts were converted by Peter Joseph Krahe , the site of the ramparts, the glacis and the areas in front of it were sold.
The area was in the Altewiek field mark, from 1850 at the latest there was a field mark interest for this area. In addition to private paths, the paths between the properties were initially so-called interest paths and communal paths. From 1850 these paths were converted into roads.
City expansion and industrialization
As in all areas of the outer city, the city district, which belonged to the Altewiek field mark , was already built on with garden houses and probably also commercial enterprises in the second half of the 18th century. Whether the chicory factory or chicory arrows (see common Wegwarte , Darre ) already existed here, which was relocated to the outskirts of Pingel for fire protection reasons, cannot be clarified. One such factory, Graß and Markworth , can, however , be traced from 1850 onwards.
After the demolition of the ramparts (1802 to 1831) by Peter Joseph Krahe, the city was also able to expand in what is now the city district (ducal decree on the demolition of the city and the construction of ramparts by Peter Joseph Krahe on March 9, 1802; completed in 1831) . The leveled fortifications were sold by the so-called demolition commission from 1802 to 1813. 75 large gardens were sold, which were subsequently distributed over more than 300 lots (all ramparts). A distinction was made between the actual city fortifications ( bulwark , ravelin ), the glacis and the field corridor.
In this context, the development of Hollands Garten and Rimpaus Garten began, and the development of Campes and Viewegs Garten was also influenced.
From 1800 construction activity increased in the entire outer city. The old station was built in 1838 in the immediate vicinity of the area described here. The expansion of rail traffic (Helmstedter Bahn, St. Leonhard station or Ostbahnhof, through station) had a significant impact on the urban area.
From around 1855 the population grew rapidly, the settlement of the outer city was initially without, from 1863 with official regulation. First of all, the outer city was developed along the arterial roads and the existing field and garden paths. In the field mark directory for Altewiek from 1850, the following areas and paths are named: Chaussee to Wolfenbüttel (in front of the Auguststore, Wiesen an der Oker, zu Eisenbüttel), Am Salzdahlumer Weg, In the small vineyards, The large vineyard, Under the large vineyard, in the Kreienfelde behind the gardens, path through the Kreienfeld, behind the Eggeling property, Bertramstwete, path to St. Leonhard, Zu St. Leonhard, An der Helmstedt Chaussee, Im kleine Rischkampe and Im Großer Rischkampe are part of today's urban area.
From 1860 the outer city streets are mentioned in the Braunschweig address book, namely:
- Bertramstrasse, first recorded in 1782, Hist. Atlas I, p. 71
- Campestrasse, which at that time connected Wolfenbütteler Strasse and St. Leonhard, first recorded in 1782, Hist. Atlas I, p. 71
- Eisenbüttel
- Helmstedter Strasse
- Way to St. Leonhard, today Leonhardstraße, proven since 1671, Hist. Atlas II. Sheet 23
- Salzdahlumer Weg, today up to about Riedestrasse Böcklerstrasse (since 1952), behind the railway tracks, Alte Salzdahlumer Strasse and Salzdahlumer Strasse, first recorded in 1782, Hist. Atlas I p. 71
- Wolfenbütteler Strasse
Carl Tappe's urban expansion plan restructured the area. Unlike in other areas of the outer city, where he proceeded more cautiously, his planning intervened heavily in the district. So he planned a network of streets in Vieweg's garden and a kind of star at today's intersection of Campestrasse / Ottmerstrasse / Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse.
One of these star streets was initially implemented with today's Charlottenstraße (1879). The former Ottmerstrasse (today the northern part of Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse, first mentioned in 1878) was also part of this plan. The extension through Vieweg's garden, also planned by Tappe, was only implemented in the 1950s in connection with the new construction of the Braunschweig main station . Ludwig Winter's site plan from 1889 no longer affected the district as much. The Wilhelminische Ring already included in this plan will only be implemented in the district with the Altewiekring as far as Leonhardsplatz.
Crows field
- Artists, restaurants, gardens, cemeteries
Despite the emergence of important industrial companies (e.g. Büssing , Voigtländer , Rollei , Jüdel , chicory factory Graß and Marckwort, brewing malt factory Funke & Moll, carpenter Munte, breweries Wolters , Feldschlößchen and Streitberg) and the construction of the Helmstedter Bahn with the St. Leonhard (Ostbahnhof), on the one hand, the district is mainly characterized by gardens and cemeteries, on the other hand, the Krähenfeld is the home of artists and writers (including Joachim Heinrich Campe , Friedrich Gerstäcker , Wilhelm Raabe ). Holsts Garten (1825) and the Konzerthaus (1890) contribute as cultural venues to the character of the city district as do restaurants, excursion restaurants, the Gellertshoff bathing establishment and the C. Bertrams zoological garden.
In addition to the still existing cemeteries of the cathedral community (since 1729) and the Magnigemeinde (since 1718) at the town hall , the Aegidienfriedhof was located on today's Georg-Wolters-Strasse from 1757 to 1899.
Dates and events in the urban area
- In 1865 the boundary of the Braunschweig urban area including the outer city was determined by state law.
- In 1870 the building ban on the glacis was lifted, which made it possible, for example, to build Adolfstrasse.
- The construction of the Helmstedter Bahn with the St. Leonhard marshalling yard, which was expanded to become the Ostbahnhof (mainly freight yard) and from around 1950 into the new main station.
- As the first of the community schools in the outer city, the community school was built in 1876 on what was then Ottmerstrasse (today Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse).
- In 1877 the Toraccise was abolished , which u. a. led to the construction of bridges over the Okerum flood.
- In 1887 the central cemetery was created to improve the health situation . Cemeteries had been laid out outside the city before.
City quarters
- Bebelhof
The district of Bebelhof in the southern tip of the district lies on both sides of Salzdahlumer Straße, which connects the Wilhelminischer Ring with the southern part of the city , and includes industrial areas ( Siemens , Rollei , Wolters and Feldschlößchen breweries ) and residential areas, mainly the eponymous Bebelhof settlement in East and the area called Zuckerberg (a part is also called Charlottenhöhe ) in the west between Salzdahlumer and Wolfenbütteler Straße.
- Bebelhof settlement
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The district of Bebelhof takes its name from the August-Bebel-Hof, built between 1929 and 1931, southwest of today's main train station . The Limbeki desert lay in the area of the Bebelhof .
Behind the August-Bebel-Hof was the Lämmchenteich workers' settlement, which had been completed in the years before that until 1928. It was mainly used as new accommodation for the skilled workers of the nearby railway works . The streets of this settlement were named after railway pioneers such as Henschel, Krupp and Siemens.
The foundation stone for the August-Bebel-Hof was laid in September 1929. It is largely limited to the space between the streets Salzdahlumer Strasse, Borsigstrasse, Hans-Porner-Strasse and Hermann-v.-Vechelde-Strasse. The settlement, named after the social democratic politician August Bebel, was laid out by the architect Friedrich Richard Ostermeyer in the style of modern building . The buildings were built in a north-south orientation. For the time, the apartments were very modern, they had central heating and a bathroom, which was otherwise hardly common. Large green spaces were also created between the rows of houses. The settlement was temporarily renamed "Limbeker Hof".
The striking point of the settlement is the clock tower. You can still recognize the original style of the settlement from it. The houses were originally provided with flat roofs with an incline of 0 degrees and covered with white panels. Between 1956 and 1957 the buildings were rebuilt and adapted to contemporary tastes. All buildings were raised by another floor, provided with pitched roofs and dark-colored plaster, and the old windows were replaced by simple windows.
On October 22, 1984, a memorial stone for August Bebel was unveiled in the foreground of the original settlement.
- Helmstedter Strasse
The quarter forms the eastern part of the city district and includes the main cemetery and the main freight station.
- Viewegsgarten
The Viewegsgarten district (sometimes incorrectly also called the southern ring area) borders the city center and forms the northern part of the district.
Separated by Park Viewegs Garten and Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse, the residential district that has arisen from the St. Leonhard area is to the northeast and the station district on the former Krähenfeld to the southwest.
The Park Viewegs Garten goes back to the publisher Friedrich Vieweg (born March 11, 1761 Halle / Saale, † December 25, 1835). The Viewegstrasse also reminds of him. Campestrasse, which is also in this district, commemorates his father-in-law Joachim Heinrich Campe , for whom a memorial stone was also erected in the park. The now triangular park, which is just under 6 hectares in size, was cut up by the extensive Kurt-Schumacher-Straße when the new Braunschweig main train station was built, and high-rise buildings were built on the south-western part of the civil garden.
The district is divided into several areas by Kurt-Schumacher-Straße and the main train station. The dominant feature is the Braunschweig main station with Berliner Platz (Willy-Brandt-Platz) and the high-rise buildings surrounding it. Between the Bürgerpark , Kurt-Schumacher-Straße and the Braunschweiger breweries Hofbrauhaus Wolters and the former Feldschlößchen (Braunschweig) (now Oettinger) lies the so-called Bahnhofsviertel, which emerged from the Krähenfeld ( see above ). The site of the former Büssing AG is also located here .
The house in which the Rollei company was founded is also located on Viewegstrasse .
Bahnstadt
On the former railway facilities and adjacent areas in the area of the marshalling yard, the main train station and the main freight station, a new urban quarter with living space and workplaces is to be created on an area of 144 hectares. The plans for this were presented in 2018. The area is to be developed with the help of subsidies.
Attractions
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- Schill monument
- Schillstrasse Concentration Camp Subcamp Memorial
- Johanniskirche
- Cathedral and St. Magnifriedhof
Parks and green spaces
In the city district are the parks Bürgerpark , Viewegs Garten , Kiryat-Tivon-Park and the Rimpaus Garten. The main cemetery is another large green area . There are also numerous other cemetery facilities, such as the Cathedral and St. Magnifriedhof , the Jewish cemetery, the Catholic cemetery and the city cemetery.
literature
- Wilhelm Appelt, Theodor Müller: Water arts and waterworks of the city of Braunschweig. Braunschweig 1965.
- Herbert Blume : Oker, Schunter, Wabe and other river names in the Braunschweig city area. Braunschweig 2005.
- Wilhelm Bornstedt : The old military and trade routes in the greater Braunschweig area: Hildesheim, Peine, Schunter, Königslutter, Helmstedt, Schöningen, Schöppenstedt, Grosses Bruch, Oderwald, Wolfenbüttel, Salzgitter and Braunschweig. With 1 large folding map (1:50 000), 10 special maps, reproductions of 2 engravings and 10 pictures. District of Braunschweig, Braunschweig 1969.
- Wilhelm Bornstedt: 17 sunken villages under the streets of the city of Braunschweig from 1031: (history and settlement geography). With six historical maps, the representation of old farmhouses with plans, with ten pictures and a large folding map M = 1: 25000. City home nurse for the city of Braunschweig, Braunschweig 1981, DNB 942059204 .
- Wilhelm Bornstedt: On the document from 1031. In: Festschrift St. Magni 1031–1981. Church council of St. Magni, Braunschweig 1981, DNB 880650230 .
- Wilhelm Bornstedt: The Braunschweiger Barockstrasse between Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel around 1800: d. Roads between Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel. (Pre-Franconian period up to the 19th century). Braunschweig 1984, DNB 870201913 .
- Christoph Creitz: Description of the army and country road of the Wolfenbüttelschen district 1687 (quoted from Bornstedt), manuscript.
- Otto Hahne: Old individual farms in the city of Braunschweig. Braunschweig 1954.
- Roelof de Jong Posthumus: Braunschweigisches Kaleidoskop: “Das Krähenfeld”. Braunschweig calendar. Braunschweig 1984.
- Wolf-Dietrich von Kurnatowski: St. Leonhard before Braunschweig. History of the hospital, the church and the farmyard. In: Braunschweiger workpieces. Volume 23, Braunschweig 1958.
- AH Lehne (birth name of Alwine Helene Graff): Braunschweiger Bilderbogen around 1880 . 2nd edition, Braunschweig 1949.
- Karl-Heinz Löffelsend: The Helmstedt: the story of a street and its inhabitants. Braunschweig 2005/2006.
- Heinrich Meier: Contributions to the topography of the outer city in Braunschweig (1. The gardens on the ramparts in Braunschweig, 2. Land on the former fortress glacis, 3. Gardens on the former field corridor outside the fortress). In: Braunschweigisches Magazin (1917). Pp. 114-116.
- Günter Nagel , Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn (Ed.): Bibliography on the history of garden culture in Braunschweig. (Ed .: Ursula Kellner; Marcus Köhler). Research Center for the History of Garden Art and Experimental Landscape Architecture, 20, Hanover.
- Norman-Mathias Pingel: City expansion and municipal authorities in Braunschweig 1851-1914. Hanover 1998.
- Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig: from the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era. City archive and city library, Braunschweig 1989 (series of publications: Series A, publications from the city archive and the city library; 28, Braunschweiger Werkstücke 76).
Web links
- Map of the city district on braunschweig.de (PDF - 2.66 MB)
- City District Council 132 Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof. on braunschweig.de
- The history of the Viewegsgarten - Bebelhof district. on braunschweig.de
- Confluence of Campestrasse in Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse 1960. and
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population statistics on braunschweig.de
- ↑ Braunschweig in Statistics 2010, p. 20 (PDF file; 8.02 MB)
- ↑ The history of the Viewegsgarten - Bebelhof district. Retrieved June 24, 2020 .
- ↑ Map of the electoral districts of Braunschweig ( Memento of the original from February 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on braunschweig.de
- ↑ Focus: City of Braunschweig - City prepares funding application for "Bahnstadt"
Broitzem (223) | Heidberg-Melverode (212) | Hondelage (113) | Downtown (131) | Lehndorf-Watenbüttel (321) | Nordstadt (331) | Eastern ring area (120) | Rüningen (224) | Schunteraue (332) | Südstadt-Rautheim-Mascherode (213) | Stöckheim-Leiferde (211) | Timmerlah Geitelde Stiddien (222) | Veltenhof-Rühme (322) | Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof (132) | Folk maraud (114) | Wabe-Schunter-Beberbach (112) | Wenden-Thune-Harxbüttel (323) | Western ring area (310) | Weststadt (221)
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Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ' N , 10 ° 33' E