Vieweg's garden

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Map of the park
View from the main train station to Vieweg's garden
Plan from 1835 with Campes garden

Viewegs Garten is a triangular park in the Braunschweig district of Viewegsgarten-Bebelhof near the main station , opposite the former Braunschweig main post office with an area of ​​5.74 hectares. Although Vieweg's garden dates from the 18th century, it is now presented as a modern park thanks to its redesign in the 1960s. To the north of the Viewegs garden is the cathedral and magni cemetery . In addition to a children's playground, it has a small hill and at Berliner Platz a terrace with a view of the main train station and the steam locomotive monument; next to it is the sculpture “Support and Load”.

history

prehistory

Originally there were fields and a hill with two windmills on the later garden area. One of the mills belonged to the St. Leonhard Hospital . The last of the two windmills was demolished in 1751. Then the Brunswick Minister Heinrich Bernhard Schrader von Schliestedt (1706–1773), initially between 1755 and 1765, acquired a total of 48 “Brunswick Acres”, about 11 hectares , and converted them into a garden, about which little is known.

The garden was part of the former Kreyenfeld or Krähenfeld in the later outer city and in the north reached the former Windmühlenberg (not identical to today's Windmühlenberg, which is located on the former city fortification) up to the glacis or the city fortification of the inner city.

Roger of Drake

The Englishman Roger von Drake took over the garden in 1778 and converted it in the English style. He planted it with foreign trees and laid out paths running in serpentine lines.

"However, Drake made little changes to the relief, so that the original plateau situation in the area of ​​the initially architecturally strict garden remained almost unchanged. The house was also not moved to the highest point of the site in order to obtain the broadest possible view. From this it becomes clear that Drake's garden should be designed in memory of his English homeland in the new landscape style; however, there was no intention to make extensive changes. The garden can therefore not be seen as a classic example of a landscape garden in the size that can be seen today Rather, it was only a few minutes walk away on the Oker in the vicinity of the Richmond Castle . "

Tute and Koehler assume that von Drake believed that he would soon have to part with his property again. In 1792 he sold the garden to the secret budget of the Imperial Count of Lüttichau.

Campes garden

Joachim Heinrich Campe

After AH Lehne, Joachim Heinrich Campe acquired larger areas of the so-called "Kreyenfeld" (Krähenfeld) for cheap money in 1797, but only kept the garden. He has now sold the rest for a profit. "The transformation of the originally geometrically designed garden begun by Drake was continued by Campe. However, Campe did not completely detach himself from the traditional shape of the garden and, above all, left the representative main driveway leading up to the villa in its architecturally straight line and divided by two oval shapes In keeping with the times, the garden was divided into individual districts that represented "pictures" and were intended to give rise to philosophical considerations, especially of a moral and educational nature.In this respect, the garden of Campe was more comparable to the Wörlitzer Park near Dessau , created in 1768, than to the Richmond Park in Braunschweig, the design of which was carried out without elements of instruction and / or placed the aesthetic-garden-artistic interest in the foreground of all measures. "

In his diary, Campe emphasized that he had personally planted 33,000 trees there. He died on October 22, 1818 and was buried in his own garden as he wished. Today the family grave is located in the cathedral and Magnifriedhof, as the family grave was dismantled and moved when Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse was built. A memorial stone was erected for him in the park. The current name "Viewegs Garten" goes back to Campes' son-in-law, the bookseller Friedrich Vieweg (1761–1835).

Public park

The sculpture "Support and Load"

In February 1935, Vieweg's garden was acquired by the city of Braunschweig.

When the Braunschweig main station was relocated to the former Ostbahnhof in the 1950s, extensive redesigning of the open spaces, streets and construction areas began in the area. With the construction of the new Bahnhofstrasse, Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse, part of Vieweg's garden had to be given up and the historicist villa in the garden demolished. However, the park was extended to Berliner Platz in the east and south. These measures were completed in 1960, then the new areas of the park were planted. A wide sidewalk was laid out parallel to Kurt-Schumacher-Straße. A terrace with benches was created in the southern tip of the park. On December 19, 1967, the bronze sculpture "Große Säulenkaryatide Braunschweig" by the sculptor Fritz Koenig from Munich was set up near Berliner Platz. Today it is called "Support and Load".

From 2006 the Viewegs garden was renovated over several years. The paths were renewed, ornamental grids were put up, new trees were planted and beds with flowers and ground cover were created.

In 2014 the city took part in the nationwide project Three Trees for Germany's Unity . On this occasion, Fritz Koenig chose the work of art support and load as the location and center of the tree planting, which took place on October 2, 2014 with the participation of the mayor. A beech, a pine and an oak were planted in the shape of a triangle.

Plan of the Viewegs garden 2014

literature

  • Camerer, Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992
  • Wolf-Dietrich von Kurnatowski: St. Leonhard before Braunschweig. History of the hospital, the church and the farm , in: Braunschweiger Werkstücke , Volume 23, Braunschweig 1958
  • Heinrich Meier: Contributions to the topography of the outer city in Braunschweig , in: Braunschweigisches Magazin , Braunschweig 1917, pp. 114–116
  • Günter Nagel and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn (eds.): Bibliography on the history of garden culture in Braunschweig / editor: Ursula Kellner; Marcus Köhler, Research Center for the History of Garden Art and Experimental Landscape Architecture, Hannover 2000
  • NN: Visionary wisdom - Joachim Heinrich Campe in his time 1746-1818 , Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1996
  • Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig: from the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era , city archive and city library, series of publications: Series A, publications from the city archive and city library 28, Braunschweig 1989

Web links

Commons : Viewegs garden  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c cf. Heinz-Joachim Tute, Marcus Köhler: Garden art in Braunschweig: from the princely gardens of the Baroque to the public park of the Wilhelminian era, page 130 ff.
  2. ↑ see AH Lehne: Braunschweiger Bilderbogen from 1880, Braunschweig 1941; 1949
  3. ↑ http://www.newsclick.de/index.jsp/menuid/3855692/artid/3860778

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 20 ″  N , 10 ° 32 ′ 16 ″  E