Riddagshausen (nature reserve)
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Riddagshausen
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.JPG) Riddagshausen pond area |
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| location | In the east of the independent city of Braunschweig , Lower Saxony | |
| surface | 526 ha | |
| Identifier | NSG BR 001 | |
| WDPA ID | 82409 | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 16 ' N , 10 ° 35' E | |
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| Sea level | from 73 m to 103 m | |
| Setup date | January 16, 2003 | |
| administration | NLWKN | |
Riddagshausen is a nature reserve in the Lower Saxony city of Braunschweig .
General
The nature reserve with the sign NSG BR 001 is 526 hectares in size. It lies in the east of Brunswick and sets in a lowland area lying, old pond area, a part of the east of the Brunswick district Riddagshausen lying valley, part of the south adjoining forest area Buchenhorst as well as areas south of Riddagshausen under protection. The nature reserve extends between the Braunschweig districts of Riddagshausen, Gliesmarode , Volkmarode and Schapen and the village of Weddel in the municipality of Cremlingen . To the south it is bounded by the Braunschweig – Magdeburg railway line .
The responsible lower nature conservation authority is the city of Braunschweig, the area is looked after by the Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU).
The nature reserve is largely part of the EU bird sanctuary , originally 478.8 hectares in size and now enlarged to 496.2 hectares, and the congruent FFH area “Riddagshausen Teiche” , which was designated in 2005 . In the northwest it borders between Gliesmarode and Riddagshausen on the landscape protection area " Prinz-Albrecht-Park ", in the northeast between Volkmarode and Schapen on the landscape protection area "Schapener Forst", in the east between Schapen and Weddel on the landscape protection area "Hordorfer Forst and Feldflur between Hordorf and Weddel ”and in the south to the landscape protection areas“ Buchhorst ”and“ Feld- und Waldflur southwest Weddel ”. To the south of Weddel it also borders the landscape protection area "Field and forest fields of Weddel, Klein Schöppenstedt, Destedt, Schulenrode and Cremlingen".
history
The original nature reserve was designated on November 26, 1936 after many personalities from Braunschweig and Riddagshausen had campaigned for the preservation of the pond area, including the zoologist Johann Heinrich Blasius with his sons, who carried out extensive field observations there, and the doctor Otto Willke . It is one of the oldest nature reserves in Germany. It comprised the ponds with the adjoining break , meadow and forest areas . Unprotected parts of the Buchhorst were declared a landscape protection area in July 1949 . In 1969, the landscape protection area "Schapenteich with adjacent terrain" was designated in the area around the Schapenteich.
In 1962, as a bird habitat of supraregional importance, the nature reserve was given the title “ European reserve” at the suggestion of the German section of the International Council for Bird Conservation . In 1981 the European Reserve was added to the list of Important Bird Areas by the European Community . The " Weddeler Teich " nature reserve , which was also designated in 1981 and is located a little to the east, was included in the European reserve , but has since been deleted.
On January 16, 2003, the previous nature reserve and parts of the landscape protection areas were combined to form the new "Riddagshausen" nature reserve.
Riddagshausen pond area
The pond area was created in the 12th and 13th centuries in an extensive swamp and quarry landscape by monks from the Cistercian monastery of Riddagshausen , founded in 1143 . The monks began in 1145, the area under cultivation to make. To do this, they drained it through an extensive system of ditches and created 28 ponds that they used for fish farming. Eleven of the ponds still exist today. Other areas of the drained area were cultivated for agricultural and forestry use.
With the incorporation of Riddagshausen into the city of Braunschweig in 1934, the land went to the city. In 1935 the pond area and Buchhorst were given to the "Hermann Göring Foundation", and in 1936 the area was given the status of "nature reserve". From 1955 the areas of the nature reserve, the Buchhorst and the Riddagshausen estate fell back to the city.
In the course of time a natural pond, meadow and forest landscape developed, which today represents an important habitat for endangered animal and plant species.
In the northwest of the nature reserve there are several larger reservoirs and various small bodies of water. Further ponds are located southeast of Riddagshausen. Some of the ponds have floating leaf and underwater vegetation as well as siltation zones and are surrounded by stocks of reeds and large sedge of varying sizes . The banks of the ponds are covered with trees, including areas of broken forest. Trees also falter on the dams between the ponds.
Some of the fish ponds are used extensively, including Kreuzteich, Mittelteich and Neuer Bleeksteich to the east and Lagesteich and Spitzer Teich to the southeast of the monastery. The smaller Wiedings- and Hopfenteich ponds serve as rearing ponds for young fish. Other ponds, such as the large Schapenbruchteich located further to the east and the smaller ponds such as Schapen and Reinertsteich, have been taken out of use and left to develop as naturally as possible.
The pond area with its reed beds and broken forest areas is a valuable habitat for numerous bird species. It is also an important resting and wintering place for migratory birds .
Agricultural areas in the form of grassland and arable land are often connected to the reservoirs . To the south there are also agricultural areas, but also the Buchhorst.
Schapenbruch pond
The almost 20 hectare Schapenbruch pond is located in the northeast of the pond area. It is connected to the middle pond via a monk . Another outflow in the northwestern part of the water flows into the fishing ditch . The water depth of the pond is a maximum of 1.4 meters, but on average only 0.8 to 1 meter.
Despite various measures to improve the water quality of the tributaries of the Schapenbruch pond (including the renaturation of the Weddeler Graben valley and the creation of a rain retention basin north of the pond), this increasingly silted up.
In the winter of 1995/96, to prevent the pond from becoming silted, the water was drained and small areas of sludge were removed. However, this only improved the situation temporarily. Therefore, the pond was renovated in 2003. For this, the water was drained again and around 50,000 m³ of sludge was removed. The silted up bank areas were partially restored, which resulted in an expansion of the water surface and a new, bay-rich bank line. Selected areas of the bank zones and the pond floor remained untouched together with the existing deep water areas in order to facilitate later repopulation of the pond floor. At the same time, reed areas were peeled off .
After the renovation, the Schapenbruch pond was able to develop into a near-natural still water with extensive reed beds and subsequent alder quarry forest, which is traversed by ditches. It is no longer cultivated.
Buchhorst
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The Buchhorst is a mixed deciduous forest area in the east of Braunschweig. It is cut through by the Braunschweig – Magdeburg railway line. The northern part is part of the “Riddagshausen” nature reserve, the southern part has been designated as the “Buchhorst” landscape protection area since 1968 .
The forest area is mainly characterized by deciduous forest with old oaks , birches and beeches interspersed with coniferous forest areas. It was previously used as a hut forest and has developed into a mixed deciduous forest from the end of the 19th century.
In the northeast of the Buchhorst there is a natural forest parcel that has been removed from forestry use. The forest is left to its natural development here. The natural forest parcel has existed since October 1984, initially from a 20.6 hectare section. In 1996 it was expanded to 33 hectares.
To the northwest of the Buchhorst, a former arable land has been fallow since around 1984. A birch-shaped pioneering forest has developed on this site through natural succession , slowly followed by oaks, ash trees and beeches.
Further sub-areas
Legdenanger
The Legdenanger is an approximately 40 hectare agricultural area, which lies between Riddagshausen and the Buchhorst. The area was reorganized in 1995. It previously consisted of three parcels, but has now been divided into nine, mostly two to four hectares of arable and grassland parcels. Between the individual parcels there are agriculturally unused field margins that complement the field margins . Field herbs can settle here.
The reorganization of the area made it attractive again as a habitat for endangered species of the field.
New land
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In the area of the New Land, a former arable land, a sandy lawn was created in 1992 . The measure was necessary as a compensatory measure because the construction of the A 39 destroyed existing sandy grasslands. For the measure, a layer of sand up to 50 cm thick was first applied to the ground. Then turf and topsoil came from the route area of the motorway. Then other typical plants of the sandy grassland were sown.
The rough lawn is maintained in accordance with the nature conservation purpose, so that a species-rich meadow with over 250 plant species could develop, which is a habitat for numerous insects , such as wild bees , ground beetles , grasshoppers and butterflies .
Weddeler Rift Valley
In the area of Weddeler ditch lowland between Buchenhorst and Weddel was started in the early 1990s to develop former farmland in terms of nature conservation. For this purpose, new ponds and ditches were created and the areas were watered by damming the water. Reed beds and swamp meadows could develop here.
The Weddeler Graben valley became an important habitat for amphibians , insects and meadow birds . The white stork is now also at home here again.
To keep the areas open, they had to be mowed, which turned out to be time-consuming. The areas were therefore leased at the beginning of the 21st century and grazed with Scottish highland cattle and Icelandic ponies .
Mittelriede
In the area of the nature reserve between the Riddagshausen monastery and the Braunschweig – Magdeburg railway line, an approximately 130-meter-long section of the Mittelriede is to be redesigned into a natural stretch of water.
Flora and fauna
The nature reserve "Riddagshausen" with its different biotopes offers a habitat for numerous animal and plant species.
Among the regularly nesting waterfowl include the Riddagshäuser ponds mallard , tufted duck , mute swan , coot , moorhen , grebes and little grebe . The greylag goose was reintroduced in the mid-1960s and is now a frequent breeding bird. The Egyptian goose has also been breeding in the area for several years . Among the irregular or former breeding birds also include teal , Gadwall , Pintail , Garganey , Shoveler , Pochard , Common Pochard , Common Goldeneye , Black-necked Grebe , Little Ringed Plover and Black-headed Gull . The kingfisher also breeds in the area and can be found regularly at the ponds.
In the reed beds and large sedge areas of the pond area, water rail , pond warbler and reed warbler as well as the reed swirl breed regularly . The spotted moorhen , the bittern , the bearded tit and the great reed warbler have been identified as irregular or former breeding birds . Little moorhen and bluethroat were suspected of breeding . The reed zones are also habitat for invertebrates and insects .
The nature reserve is an important feeding and resting area for numerous guest and migratory bird species. Regular guest birds include the cormorant , gray and great egrets , crane and black-headed gull as well as tufted and pochard, teal, knack, spoonbill, gadfly, pintail and wigeon as well as the white-fronted goose. On the Limikolenzug regularly Sandpiper , Forest and Wood Sandpiper , Greenshank , Redshank , river and ringed plover and snipe observed. Rare but regular migrant are osprey , herring gull and tern . The mountain pipit can be found regularly in the winter months .
The middle woodpecker can be found in the damp forest areas in the southeast of the nature reserve, interspersed with old oaks. Other woodpeckers that occur are great spotted woodpecker , green woodpecker , black woodpecker and small woodpecker . The white stork has also been at home again since 2007 , for which artificial nesting facilities are available in the area of the Weddeler Graben valley and on the Piepenwiese between Wabe and Mittelriede.
Male of the pochard ( Netta rufina ) on the new Bleeksteich
Pochard female ( Aythia ferina ) with young birds on the Neuer Bleeksteich
Collection of great egrets when fishing the middle pond
Coot with young birds on the new Bleeksteich
Combed Newt ( Triturus cristatus ) in traditional costume, NSG Riddagshausen
The ponds and ditches in the protected area provide habitat for many amphibians such as comb , mining and smooth newt , grass , peat and various green frogs and earth and spadefoot . The common spadefoot toad has one of its largest permanent occurrences in the nature reserve in Lower Saxony, with its main occurrence in the area of the Schapenteich in the north of the nature reserve. In 2006 and 2007, tadpoles and young frogs were released in three small bodies of water to reintroduce the tree frog . There are also numerous dragonflies , including the Great Royal Dragonfly , Great Grenade Eye and Great Moss Maiden .
Various locusts can be found in the nature reserve. B. meconema thalassinum , Kurzflüglige sword-warrior , saber-thorn cricket and Common thorn cricket in Weddeler grave lowland conocephalus discolor on the Legde Anger and Blauflüglige grasshopper , Blauflüglige sand cricket , heath grasshoppers , meadow grasshoppers and spotted club cricket in the meadow and neglected grassland areas in the New Land.
In addition to other types of butterflies, the swallowtail , reseda butterfly , magnificent blue-headed and ram such as six- spot blood droplets and common green ram in the New Land as well as golden eight , small mother-of-pearl butterfly , wall fox and various thick-headed butterflies such as mirror-spotted , yellow-cube and black-spotted brown-thick-headed butterflies in the Weddeler Grave -headed butterflies .
The reserve, with its large expanses of water and wood stocks also habitat for various bats , including Noctule , minke , water , Breitflügel- , Rauhaut- and Barbastelle that found in head trees and other old trees shelter.
The Schlammpeitzger occurs particularly in the Schapenbruch pond . The medicinal leech and the great pond clam are also found here.
In the ponds are ponds and water lilies and Laichkraut- and frogbit companies, crab claws and water hose to find. Of particular importance is the species-rich pond floor of the Schapenbruch pond with brown Zypergras , Schlammling , needle ledges and Zypergrassegge , which only develops when muddy surfaces are dried out. Swamp sword lily and purple loosestrife can be found in damp to wet locations .
The Legdenanger as an open area is a habitat for numerous animals, including skylark , partridge , quail and lapwing , amphibians such as the common garlic toad, ground beetle, brown hare, etc. a. Hedges provide habitats for red-backed shrike and great gray shrike. The Legdenanger is also an important habitat for field herbs, including several endangered species. The grassland areas on Nehrkornweg in the north of the Legdenanger are often used as pasture by gray geese in winter and spring.
Experience local recreation and nature
The nature reserve "Riddagshausen" serves not only for nature protection but also for local recreation. It can be entered on the paths. There are appropriately marked trails for riders. On the Kreuzteich, the westernmost of the reservoirs, ice skating is allowed in winter.
In the nature reserve there are guides known as "rangers" who answer questions about the nature reserve and conduct tours, but also ensure that visitors adhere to the rules in the reserve.
A nature discovery trail with footbridges and elevated viewpoints, which was laid out in 2009, runs through the nature reserve . Information boards were set up at twelve points along the way, where you can find out more about the nature reserve, the habitats and the flora and fauna.
There is also a 12.3-kilometer round tour through the entire nature reserve, most of which can also be done by bike.
In the south of the Schapenbruch pond, an observation platform was built in the winter of 1997/1998 by the Riddagshausen nature conservation center. From here the entire lake could be seen. The observation platform was destroyed by arson in August 2011. The reconstructed observation platform was opened on April 13, 2013. Another observation platform is located in the east of the Ledgenanger.
In the west of the Buchhorst, within the boundaries of the nature reserve, there is a game reserve built at the beginning of the 20th century, in which fallow deer can be observed. The Arboretum Riddagshausen , which was laid out in 1838 as the forest garden of the Reichsjägerhof and is also located here, only partially extends into the nature reserve. Furthermore, the Forest Forum Riddagshausen is a forest pedagogical information center of the Lower Saxony Forest Office Wolfenbüttel. South of the pond area is the listed "Haus Entenfang", which was converted into an information and nature experience center and opened in April 2015.
The city of Braunschweig has published two brochures - one for adults and one for children - about the nature reserve. Public natural history tours on various topics take place regularly in the nature reserve. There is also an information brochure for the “Experience Riddagshausen” cycle tour.
Others
In the nature reserve, witnesses of the former use of trees and forests have been preserved in several places. For example, hat trees can be found between the pond area and the Buchhorst and partly in the Buchhorst . Witnesses of the earlier Schneitelwirtschaft can be found as well as polluted willows along the dams of the fish ponds.
Several paths in the nature reserve are named after people who have made a contribution to the exploration and conservation of the pond area and its surroundings.
- The Nehrkornweg was named after the bailiff and natural scientist Adolph Nehrkorn , who campaigned for the research and conservation of the bird life in the Riddagshauser ponds.
- The Dr.-Willke-Weg was named after the Braunschweig physician Dr. Otto Willke, who campaigned for the protection and maintenance of the pond area and campaigned for the designation of the area as a nature reserve. He was the first commissioner for nature conservation and landscape management for the city of Braunschweig.
- The Gerhard-Schridde-Weg was named after the teacher and home nurse Gerhard Schridde . He was Otto Willke's successor as nature conservation officer for the city of Braunschweig.
- The Dr.-Berndt-Weg was named after Rudolf Berndt , who campaigned for the preservation of the Riddagshausen nature reserve after the Second World War.
- The Kleidersellerweg was named after the social association “ The honest clothes sellers of Braunschweig ”, who regularly took a walk from Riddagshausen to the “Grüner Jäger” restaurant in the 19th century.
In the Riddagshausen nature reserve there are two areas, Fischerhaus and Schäfersruh, for which the protection status does not apply. A fish farm is located at the fisherman's house. In Schäfersruh there is the excursion restaurant “Schäfers Ruh” as well as the former Schapen train station of the former Braunschweig-Schöningen Railway . Remains of the former railway line can still be seen to the north and south of the former train station as far as the Buchhorst.
Also left out of the nature reserve are the Reichsjägerhofs , the main part of the arboretum , the forest forum and the green hunter in the south .
literature
- Limnological monitoring of the Schapenbruch pond 2004 (PDF, 43 kB)
- Desludging of the Schapenbruch pond. Monitoring 2005 , December 2005 (PDF, 586 kB)
- Desludging of the Schapenbruch pond. Monitoring 2006 , January 2007 (PDF, 884 kB)
- Resettlement of the tree frog Hyla arborea (L. 1758) in Braunschweig , July 2006 (PDF, 537 kB)
- Reintroduction of the tree frog Hyla arborea (L. 1758) in Braunschweig , September 2007 (PDF, 689 kB)
Web links
- Nature reserve "Riddagshausen" in the database of the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation (NLWKN)
- Riddagshausen nature reserve ( Memento from April 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), BUND district group Braunschweig
- Information sheets from the Nature Conservation Center ( Memento from July 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), BUND Kreisgruppe Braunschweig
- Riddagshausen nature reserve , city of Braunschweig
- Nature trails, experience Riddagshausen , city of Braunschweig (tour as Flash animation , tour as PDF )
- Riddagshausen nature reserve , leaflet from the city of Braunschweig (PDF, 523 kB)
- Riddagshausen nature reserve, experience nature , city of Braunschweig brochure (PDF, 1.3 MB)
- Riddagshausen nature reserve, experience nature for children , brochure from the city of Braunschweig (PDF, 3.4 MB)
- Nature reserve , citizenship Riddagshausen with Freundeskreis e. V.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Working group “Europareservat Riddagshausen / Weddeler Teichgebiet” , NABU district group Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Riddagshausen Teiche (FFH area and EU bird sanctuary) , profiles of the Natura 2000 areas, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f Riddagshausen nature reserve , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Protected areas , City of Braunschweig (PDF, 7.2 MB). Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ The nature reserve Riddagshausen Teiche , website Riddagshausen.net. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b The history of the place Riddagshausen , city of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b The Riddagshausen Pond Area, History and Protection ( Memento from December 25, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), information sheets from the Riddagshausen Nature Conservation Center, No. 3 (PDF, 94 kB).
- ↑ a b Riddagshausen Nature Reserve - History , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b Schapenbruchteich - History , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b Schapenbruchteich - Problem , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Schapenbruchteich - Entschlammung , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Map (JPG, 270 kB). Retrieved March 30, 2016.
- ↑ a b The Buchhorst - commercial and natural forest ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), information sheets from the Riddagshausen Nature Conservation Center (PDF, 88 kB).
- ↑ a b Highland cattle ensure biodiversity in Weddeler Graben Niederung , press release by the Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation, August 3, 2008. Accessed on September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Ann Claire Richter: Storks have returned after 40 years , Braunschweiger Zeitung , June 1, 2007 (article preview). Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- Jump up ↑ Planning approval “Natural redesign of the Mittelriede south of Riddagshausen Monastery” , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Plant and Animal Species Protection Concept , City of Braunschweig (PDF, 1.5 MB). Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ a b NABU Lower Saxony : Riddagshausen nature reserve. ( Memento from August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Karsten Mentasti: All clear for the Riddagshausen Storchenpaar , Braunschweiger Zeitung, February 23, 2011 (article preview). Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ General information on the garlic toad , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Garlic Toad , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Tree frog - resettlement in Braunschweig , city of Braunschweig. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Significance of the Schapenbruch pond , city of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ nature reserve Riddagshausen , Geolife.de Navigator. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ Ranger tours and offers , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ↑ Ralph-Herbert Meyer: The city's first nature adventure trail is being built in Riddagshausen , Braunschweiger Zeitung, March 5, 2009 (article preview). Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ a b Experience nature , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ↑ Tour 1: Experience Riddagshausen , nature trails, city of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ The observation tower in Riddagshausen burned down , NABU district group Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ observation platform , BUND district group Braunschweig. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
- ^ Arboretum Riddagshausen , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Forest Forum Riddagshausen , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Forest Forum Riddagshausen , Lower Saxony State Forests. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Haus Entenfang Nature Experience Center in the Riddagshausen nature reserve , Durchblick, issue 13, February 2012 (PDF, 3.9 MB). Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ Entenfang House Nature Experience Center - History , City of Braunschweig. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ House Entenfang , Citizenship Riddagshausen with Freundeskreis e. V. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ Ranger tours and offers , City of Braunschweig. Wrestled on May 16, 2019.
- ↑ Experience Riddagshausen , City of Braunschweig (PDF, 507 kB). Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ head trees - witnesses of historical economic forms ( memento of December 25, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), information sheets of the nature conservation center Riddagshausen, No. 11 (PDF, 93 kB).
- ↑ Paths in the nature reserve - the namesake and their work ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), information sheets from the Riddagshausen Nature Conservation Center, No. 16 (PDF, 96 kB).
- ↑ Fischgut Riddagshausen . Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Sights - old train station , city of Braunschweig. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
