Pond roses

Pond roses
Yellow pond rose ( Nuphar lutea )
Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina) Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Order : Water lilies (Nymphaeales) Family : Water lily family (Nymphaeaceae) Subfamily : Nupharoideae Genre : Pond roses
Scientific name of the  subfamily
Nupharoideae
Ito
Scientific name of the  genus
Nuphar
Sm.

Nondrose ( Nuphar ) is the only genus of the subfamily of the Nupharoideae within the plant family of the water lily family (Nymphaeaceae). The eight or so species are widespread in the northern hemisphere .

description

Section Nuphar : Illustration of the yellow pond rose ( Nuphar lutea )

Illustration from Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States , 1972 of the Indian pond rose ( Nuphar polysepala )

Vegetative characteristics

The pond rose species are perennial, herbaceous plants . These aquatic plants form a rhizome that grows on the surface of the soil. The rhizome formed by compressed internodes is elongated, barely branched and dorsiventral in cross section. The sprout roots (here formed on the rhizome) are thick and only sparsely branched. The main root is short-lived.

Both water and floating leaves are formed. The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The long, angular petiole is weakly sheathed at its base. The leaf blade, which is deeply incised at the base, is oval to rounded with the entire margin. Lateral nerves of the first order of the blade run with multiple ramifications towards the leaf margin. The ever-present water leaves are light green. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

Bracts are reduced or absent completely, bracts are never developed. The flower stalks are long. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The inflorescence consists of mostly five (four to seven) large, often yellow and spiraling sepals , as well as many (mostly 13) smaller and equally yellow colored and spirally arranged corolla-like honey leaves . The spirally arranged stamens are very numerous and connected to the honey leaves by gradual transitions. The carpels, which are also numerous, are fused with the flower axis on the back and belly side and in this way form an upper fruit cluster. The individual carpels have numerous hanging, laterally-walled ovules.

The sepals remain on the ripe fruits. The fruits are berry-like, when ripe they release the sac-like carpels that surround the seeds by peeling off the axis cover. The smooth seeds lack a seed coat.

Systematics and distribution

Astylus section : Bull's head pond rose ( Nuphar variegata )

Nuphar section : Japanese pond rose ( Nuphar japonica )

Section Nuphar : Lesser pond rose ( Nuphar pumila )

In the northern hemisphere , the genus Nuphar is widespread in the Holarctic and in directly adjacent subtropical areas.

The genus Nuphar was first published in 1809 by James Edward Smith in J. Sibthorp and JE Smith: Florae Graecae Prodromus , 1, p. 361. The botanical genus name Nuphar is derived from nénuphar (also ninûfar ), an ancient Arabic or Persian name for the Yellow pond rose. A synonym for Nuphar Sm. Is Nymphozanthus Rich. .

The genus Nuphar is divided into two sections. The genus Nuphar only contains eight species; previously 10 to 20 species:

• Section Astylus Padgett : It contains four species and one nature hybrid : All species native to North America belong in this section:
  • American pond rose ( Nuphar advena (Aiton) WTAiton ): Home is the warm and temperate Atlantic North America, is cultivated every now and then in Europe: With four subspecies which are listed as separate species by some authors:
    • Nuphar advena (Aiton) WTAiton subsp. advena
    • Nuphar advena subsp. orbiculata (Small) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar bombycina (GSMill. & Standl.) Standl. ), Nuphar orbiculata (Small) Standl. : The home is North America.
    • Nuphar advena subsp. ozarkana (GSMill. & Standl.) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar ozarkana (GSMill. & Standl.) Standl. )
    • Nuphar advena subsp. ulvacea (GSMiller & Standl.) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar ulvacea (GSMiller & Standl.) Standl. ): This endemic occurs only in Florida .
  • Indian pond rose ( Nuphar polysepala Engelmann ): The home is North America.
  • Arrow-leaved pond rose ( Nuphar sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh , Syn .: Nuphar longifolia (Michx.) Sm. ): The home is North America.
  • Nuphar variegata ( Nuphar variegata Durand , Syn .: Nuphar americana Provancher , Nuphar fraterna (GSMiller & Standl.) Standl. , Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith subsp. Variegata (Durand) EOBeal , Nymphaea americana (Provancher) GSMiller & Standley , Nymphaea fraterna G.S. Miller & Standl. ): The home is North America.
  • Nuphar × rubrodisca Morong (Syn .: Nuphar rubrodisca Morong , Nuphar lutea subsp. Rubrodisca (Morong) Hellq. & Wiersema ) = Nuphar microphylla × Nuphar variegata : Home is North America.

• Section Nuphar : It contains four species and two natural hybrids:
  • Japanese pond rose ( Nuphar japonica DC. , Syn .: Nymphaea lutea Thunb. ): Home is warm to temperate Japan .
  • Yellow pond rose ( Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith ): The distribution ranges from the autonomous region of Xinjiang via Kazakhstan , Siberia to Southwest Asia , Europe and Africa .
  • Nuphar microphylla (Persoon) Fernald (Syn .: Nuphar kalmiana (Michaux) WTAiton , Nuphar minima (Willd.) Smith ): It has areas in large parts of the Holarctic .
  • Small pond rose ( Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. , Syn .: Nymphaea lutea L. var. Pumila Timm , Nymphaea lutea subsp. Pumila (Timm) Bonnier & Layens , Nymphaea pumila (Timm) Hoffmann , Nuphar shimadae Hayata ): It has areas in China, Japan , Korea , Mongolia , Russia and Northern Europe . There are about three subspecies (selection):
    • Nuphar pumila subsp. oguraensis (Miki) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar oguraensis Miki )
    • Nuphar pumila L. subsp. pumila (Syn .: Nuphar bornetii H.Lév. & Vaniot , Nuphar centricavata J.Schust. , Nuphar minima (Willd.) Sm. , Nuphar ozeensis Miki , Nuphar shimadae Hayata )
    • Nuphar pumila subsp. sinensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar sinensis Hand.-Mazz. )
  • Nuphar × saijoensis (Shimoda) Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar japonica var. Saijoensis Shimoda ) = Nuphar japonica × Nuphar pumila
  • Nuphar × spenneriana Gaudin (Syn .: Nuphar affinis resin , Nuphar × intermedia Ledeb. , Nuphar jurana Magnin , Nuphar rivularis Dum. ) = Nuphar lutea × Nuphar pumila . This hybrid is named in honor of the German botanist Fridolin Karl Leopold Spenner .

swell

• John. H. Wiersema, C. Barre Hellquist: Nuphar. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997, ISBN 0-19 -511246-6 .
• Fu Dezhi, Donald Padgett: Nuphar. P. 115 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 6 - Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 .
• DJ Padgett: A monograph of Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae). In: Rhodora , Volume 109, 2007, pp. 1-95.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 264.
2. ↑ Nabil Osman (Ed.): Small lexicon of German words of Arabic origin. 3. Edition. Munich 1992, p. 96.
3. ^ ^{A b} Nuphar in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
4. ↑ Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe , Volume III Part 3. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg 1975.

Web links

Commons : Nondrose ( Nuphar )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap