Little pond rose

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Little pond rose
Yellowwaterlili.jpg

Little pond rose ( Nuphar pumila )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Order : Water lilies (Nymphaeales)
Family : Water lily family (Nymphaeaceae)
Subfamily : Nupharoideae
Genre : Lake Roses ( Nuphar )
Type : Little pond rose
Scientific name
Nuphar pumila
( Timm ) DC.

The Small dough ( Nuphar pumila ) is a plant from the genus of water lilies ( Nuphar ) in the family of Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae).

Appearance

The little pond rose is a perennial herbaceous plant . This aquatic plant forms rhizomes that are 1 to 3 cm in diameter. Its floating leaves are similar to those of the great pond rose, but are only 5 to 15 cm long. They have 11 to 18 lateral leaf veins. The underside of the leaf is hairy to varying degrees. Underwater leaves are formed.

The yellow, slightly scented, hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers have a diameter of 2 to 3 cm when opened. The sepals are yellow. There are many spirally arranged petals . The 37 to 65 stamens are twice as long as they are wide. The anthers are 1 to 6 mm long. The pollen is more than 90% fertile . The mostly flat, star-shaped, wavy scar disc with a clearly bulged edge measures 6 to 8.5 mm in diameter. There are seven to twelve scar rays running into the edge.

The 1 to 2 cm large fruit is often curved to one side in the upper part. The brown seeds are 3.5 to 4 mm long.

The flowering period extends from June to September. The pollination occurs through insects. The fruits spread through water.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.

Occurrence and distribution

Little pond rose ( Nuphar pumila )

The little pond rose colonizes cool, acidic and nutrient-poor, meso- to oligotrophic moorland and mountain lakes. Here it usually takes root at a depth of 50 to 150 (−350) cm on peat mud soils. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Nupharetum pumili from the association Nymphaeion.

The species is widespread in the mountains and their foothills of the temperate and partly also the warm temperate zone, but especially in the cool and northern temperate Eurasia .

In Scandinavia the lesser pond rose occurs mainly in the northern part, where it can be found in northern Sweden up to 450 m and in southern Norway at altitudes of up to 800 meters. In the east of Siberia it penetrates in the area of ​​the rivers Olenegk , Jana and Indigirka in part to the border of the Arctic . The partial area in the south of Central Europe is mainly limited to the area of ​​the northern Alps (here up to 1700 m) and the low mountain range, the species can also be found sporadically in the Massif Central in France . The deposits in the Altai are also of submontane character. The lesser pond rose may also be found in the lower Yangtze region (Anhwei, Chekiang), but the information on this is doubtful.

In Central Europe there are two clearly separated areas of distribution. The deposits in the southern Baltic region extend to Mecklenburg in the west , and there are also isolated outposts in north-west Germany; east of the Oder , however, the species is much more common. Furthermore, the little pond rose (mostly perimontane) can be found in the foothills of the Sudetes , in South Bohemia and Moravia and in the Waldviertel . In the northern foothills of the Alps, some scattered occurrences can be found from Geneva, Lucerne and Zurich to the Bad Tölz area. In the south-eastern outskirts there is a population in Ossiacher See in Carinthia. The species can be found sporadically within the Alps, but it is absent in most of the Central Alps as well as in the entire Southern and Western Alps. There are other occurrences in the southern Black Forest , in the Vosges , in Lorraine and in the French Jura.

In Central Europe, the little pond rose mainly joins elements of the Nordic tundra and moor flora, which occur as glacial relics in the moraine landscapes of the northern Alpine foothills and in the northeastern Baltic lowlands. These are, for example, Betula nana , Carex chordorrhiza , Carex microglochin and Saxifraga hirculus .

Most of the current sites are in the area of ​​Nordic or Alpine glaciation. Postglacial , the area of ​​the small pond rose in Central Europe has shrunk considerably.

Systematics

Synonyms

Nymphaea lutea L. var. Pumila Timm , Nuphar shimadae Hayata , Nymphaea lutea subsp. pumila (Timm) Bonnier & Layens , Nymphaea pumila (Timm) Hoffmann .

Subspecies

One can distinguish three subspecies:

  • Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. subsp. oguraensis (Miki) Padgett : It occurs in Japan in Honshu , Shikoku and Kyushu .
  • Nuphar pumila subsp. pumila (Syn .: Nuphar bornetii H.Léveillé & Vaniot , Nuphar minima . (Willd) Smith , Nymphaea lutea var. minima Willd. ): It is used in Europe, Siberia, Japan, in the far eastern Russia, Mongolia and China in front.
  • Nuphar pumila subsp. sinensis (Handel-Mazzetti) D.Padgett (Syn .: Nuphar sinensis Handel-Mazzetti ): It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Hunan , Jiangxi and Zhejiang .

swell

literature

  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe , Volume III Part 3. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg 1975.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 392.
  2. ↑ a b c d Nuphar in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 30, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Little Teichrose ( Nuphar pumila )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files