Honeycomb (Schunter)

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honeycomb
At the "Wabetal-Siedlung" in Braunschweig

At the "Wabetal-Siedlung" in Braunschweig

Data
Water code DE : 48288
location Wolfenbüttel district , Lower Saxony , Germany
River system Weser
Drain over Schunter  → Oker  → Aller  → Weser  → North Sea
source Im Elm
52 ° 12 ′ 33 ″  N , 10 ° 46 ′ 12 ″  E
Source height 240  m above sea level NHN
muzzle In Braunschweig in the Schunter coordinates: 52 ° 17 '44 "  N , 10 ° 33' 5"  E 52 ° 17 '44 "  N , 10 ° 33' 5"  E
Mouth height 70  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 170 m
Bottom slope 6.4 ‰
length 26.5 km
Catchment area 105 km²
Left tributaries Essenbeek, Salzdahlumer Graben
Right tributaries Oh , Feuergraben, Reitlingsgraben , Weddeler Graben
Big cities Braunschweig
Medium-sized cities Wolfenbüttel
Communities Erkerode , Sickte
Honeycomb in Erkerode

Honeycomb in Erkerode

The honeycomb is a brook in Lower Saxony about 26.5 kilometers long. It rises in the Elm and flows into the Schunter from the left in Braunschweig .

Surname

The name is passed down from the 13th century as Wevene or Wavena . The meaning of the name is given as "wobbling", "moving back and forth".

geography

source

The honeycomb drains the northern part of the Elm to the west. Its headwaters are above the Reitlingstal in the Reitlingstal nature reserve of the same name . The brook forms in the area of ​​a spring swamp that has been popularly referred to as "hell" for centuries. It flows through the approximately three kilometer long valley and has already covered 100 meters in altitude in Lucklum . In the valley basin, the brook has been dammed into fish ponds several times, the largest being called the “Big Pond”. Today there is a pasture with horse stables where a moated castle stood in the Middle Ages .

course

The honeycomb leaves the Elm at Erkerode , flows through the village at road level and drives a museum mill. In the further course it reaches Lucklum, Neuerkerode and Sickte. At the former Salzdahlum sugar factory , it changes its direction of flow to the north and opens up several trenches. Between Mascherode and Hötzum , the flowing Salzdahlumer Graben can be crossed by a small ford. At the level of Bundesstraße 1 north of the Schöppenstedter Tower , the Mittelriede waters branch off from the honeycomb and lead through an extensive wetland area that was created west of the Buchhorst as part of a renaturation measure since 2009 . Both streams run parallel to the north for a distance of around six kilometers in the city of Braunschweig and flow through the districts of Riddagshausen , Gliesmarode and Querum in the Wabe-Schunter district . To protect against flooding in the honeycomb, there are several relief weirs that cut off the water into the Mittelriede. The water level of these weirs also prevents the honeycomb from falling dry in the low water period. At Querum, both bodies of water flow into the Schunter at a distance of around 400 meters .

Tributaries

  • Kuxbergbach, ( GKZ 4828812, left )
  • Butterbergbach (GKZ 4828814, right )
  • Markmorgengraben, (GKZ 4828816, left )
  • Galgenbergbach (GKZ 4828818, right )
  • Ohe , (GKZ 482882, right )
  • Salzdahlumer Graben, also Breite Beeke (GKZ 482884, left )
  • Feuergraben (GKZ 4828856, right )
  • Reitlingsgraben (GKZ 482886, right )
  • Mönchsteichgraben (GKZ 4828872, right )
  • Weddeler Graben , (GKZ 482888, right )

Settlement names

In 1922 the “Wabetal-Siedlung” was built near the honeycomb in Braunschweig-Gliesmarode. Around 1937 the “Wabenkampsiedlung” was built in Braunschweig-Querum near the confluence with the Schunter.

Water quality

Renatured course of the honeycomb at the Rautheimer Mühle 2017

The honeycomb is classified as a loess-clay-shaped lowland stream . The quality is monitored by the responsible Lower Saxony state enterprise NLWKN and also in sections by the lower nature conservation authorities. As part of the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive , the NLWKN has created a water body data sheet that records Wabe and Mittelriede. There the ecological condition and the ecological potential are rated as "unsatisfactory". This is due to the structural deficits caused by canal-like straightening in the middle course and, in large sections, by a lack of bank vegetation.

North of the former B1 to the railway line at the Mastbruchiedlung, the bed of the parallel Mittelriede branching off there has been completely redesigned in a natural way, while the honeycomb flows there in its old bed. Another renaturation section was completed south of the A 39 to the city limits near Hötzum in December 2018 as a compensatory measure for the construction of the motorway. It includes extensive, near-natural, newly created courses between the Feuergraben and Reitlingsgraben, dead wood zones, still waters and the conversion of fields and meadows into extensively used grassland areas. In addition to the redesigns that have already taken place in the Mittelriede, the removal of floor slopes in Erkerode and Rautheim is also beneficial for the stream structure.

The overall chemical status is “good”, and the fish population is also classified as good, although the biological status is only “moderate”. The water quality is polluted by pollutants from agriculture and the Sickte sewage treatment plant.

Economic use

Mills

Numerous historical locations for water mills are recorded along the honeycomb , of which the Obere Mühle in Erkerode is still used as a museum and is temporarily open to the public. A grain mill was still operated at the Niedersektiven site until 2005 and demolished in 2011. The mill locations were:

  • Obere Mühle, Erkerode, now a museum
  • Mittelmühle, Erkerode
  • Lower mill, Erkerode
  • Stone mill, Lucklum
  • Gutsmühle, manor Lucklum
  • Mühlenhof, Lucklum
  • Kupfermühle, Lucklum
  • Voigtsmühle, Veltheim
  • Loh and saw mill, Neuerkerode
  • Upper paper mill, Neuerkerode
  • Petersmühle, Neuerkerode
  • Lower paper mill, in front of Obersicke , demolished in 1872
  • Oil and fulling mill, top of the bath
  • Sickter Mühle, Lower Sick, in operation until 2005
  • Apelnstedter mill, Apelnstedt
  • Rautheimer Mühle, east of Rautheim
  • Klostermühle in Riddagshausen
  • Fulling mill, Riddagshausen
  • Gliesmaroder Mühle, Gliesmarode (Karl-Hintze-Weg).
Sugar factories

From the 19th century, the sugar factories in Salzdahlum and at the Schöppenstedter Turm were built with the cultivation of sugar beets , the waste water of which led to enormous biological pollution. Both factories have not been in operation for a long time.

Cultural

The honeycomb is considered to be the model for the “Mühlbach” in Wilhelm Raabe's story “ Pfister's Mühle ” (1884). Raabe describes the consequences of water pollution from the Rautheim sugar factory .

Web links

Commons : honeycomb  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Land surveying and geographic base information Lower Saxony: Top. Map 1: 50,000 Lower Saxony / Bremen , status 2001
  2. ↑ a b NLWKN : Inventory of the implementation of the EC Water Framework Directive, Oker processing area , Braunschweig November 2004, Table 3.
  3. ↑ H. Blume: Oker, Schunter, Wabe. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Volume 86, 2005, p. 25 ff.
  4. ↑ NLWKN : surface Directory for hydrographic map of Lower Saxony , Booth 2010, p 69 ff FV_Weser.pdf, accessed at. Umwelt.niedersachsen.de on August 19, 2013
  5. ↑ NLWKN : Water body data sheet 15041 Wabe / Mittelriede , status November 2012, NLWKN website on the EU Water Framework Directive, accessed on May 24, 2013.
  6. ↑ The new bed of the honeycomb is made. City of Braunschweig, accessed December 24, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Ina Essmann: Watermills on the honeycomb in Der Tetzelstein , 7th year, No. 13, edited by Thomas Heldt, Schöppenstedt 2013.
  8. ^ Horst Denkler: Afterword, in: Wilhelm Raabe, Pfisters Mühle, Stuttgart 1996, pp. 227–228.