Schöppenstedter Tower

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Schöppenstedter Tower
Map of Braunschweig with the course of the Landwehr.
The Schöppenstedter Tower.
The course of the Braunschweiger Landwehr is marked in blue.

The Schöppenstedter Tower was one of seven defensive towers of the Braunschweiger Landwehr , the medieval, outer fortification of the city of Braunschweig . It was located east of the former city limits, on today's Helmstedter Strasse ( Bundesstrasse 1 ) near Klein Schöppenstedt .

history

The Schöppenstedter Tower around 1839, engraving by Wilhelm Pätz (1800–1856)
Schöppenstedter Tower 1899
Schöppenstedter Tower 2012

After the city council decided in 1376 to build an outer defensive wall with the Landwehr in the Braunschweig area, far in front of the actual city fortifications, a defense tower was built around 1390. The tower was about three miles east of the city gates.

At the end of the 18th century the Landwehr lost its military importance. The defense towers, including the Schöppenstedter Tower, were razed . The outbuildings went into private ownership and served as an inn.

In 1864, the Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG built a sugar factory on the Schöppenstedter Tower, which in 1902 was connected to the Braunschweig-Schöninger Railway (BSE) through the Rautheim station . The sugar factory ceased operations in 1939; the railway station was operated until 1971.

At the end of the Second World War , one of the last escape routes for Wehrmacht units and Nazi officials from the city surrounded by troops of the US Army led along today's Helmstedter Strasse, past the Schöppenstedter Tower . On the night of April 13, 1945, the last combat commandant of Braunschweig, Lieutenant General Karl Veith , was taken prisoner by the Americans at a road block at the Schöppenstedter Tower .

Today the Schöppenstedter Turm is a Braunschweig district and an industrial area for small and medium-sized companies in the district of Südstadt-Rautheim-Mascherode. The building itself, including the former beer garden, is already in the area of ​​the municipality of Cremlingen .

Pollution and literary adaptation

In the years 1881 to 1883, two Brunswick millers initially successfully sued the Rautheim sugar factory at Schöppenstedter Tower. Wastewater discharges from the sugar factory in the Mittelriede and the Schunter had contaminated the waters and let it overturn through eutrophication . The increased plant growth in the mill streams had brought the mill wheels to a standstill. In 1884 the millers were defeated by the Imperial Court .

The writer Wilhelm Raabe (1831-1910) was inspired by this dispute to the story published in 1884 Pfister's mill .

literature

  • Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , p. 206 .
  • Julius Reissner: The Landwehr in old Braunschweig . In: Braunschweigischer Kalender 1968. Meyer, Braunschweig 1968.
  • Carl Wilhelm Sack : The fortification of the city of Braunschweig . In: Archives of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony . Historical Association for Lower Saxony (Ed.), Verlag Hahnsche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover 1847.
  • Hans Adolf Schultz : The Landwehr of the city of Braunschweig. Their course in the light of the latest research . In: Braunschweigische Heimat . 40th year, volume 3, E. Appelhans & Co., Braunschweig 1954, pp. 73-77.

Web links

Commons : Schöppenstedter Turm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Carl Wilhelm Sack: The fortification of the city of Braunschweig . P. 309.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Bornstedt : From the story of Rautheim on the honeycomb . Publisher: Rautheim local council (Braunschweig), Braunschweig 1977.
  3. ↑ Jan Temann: On April 10, 1945 there was another heavy fighting in Broistedt . In: paz-online.de May 7, 2018
  4. ↑ Bernhard Friedrichs: Klein Schöppenstedt in the last days of the war in 1945 . In: Der Tetzelstein , No. 20, 2017, pp. 6–9
  5. ↑ State Office for Geoinformation and Rural Development Lower Saxony : TK 25 , online map of the LGLN ( memento of the original from March 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , As of October 16, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / navigator.geolife.de
  6. ↑ a b Patrick Masius: Environmental history and environmental future . Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen 2009, p. 37, ISBN 978-3-940344-69-4 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 2 "  N , 10 ° 35 ′ 36.6"  E