German Order Coming Lucklum
The Teutonic Order Lucklum was a commander of the Teutonic Order in Lucklum in what is now the Wolfenbüttel district in Lower Saxony . It was the seat of the Deutschordensballei Sachsen , which administered the associated commander in the order area between Weser and Oder . The Lucklumer Kommende was founded in 1264 and secularized in 1809 by Jérôme Bonaparte in favor of the Kingdom of Westphalia . The complex, which was expanded and converted several times, is now known as the " Rittergut Lucklum".
history
In 1213, the German Order with was Elmsburg in Elm invested . From 1260 the order of Ekbert von der Asseburg acquired areas in the Reitlingstal . In 1260 possessions in Lucklum came to the order, which in 1263 received the church and parish in Lucklum as well as three farms from Bishop Volrad von Halberstadt. In 1264, according to other sources in 1275, the seat of the Kommende was relocated from Elmsburg to Lucklum. From 1287 the land commander had its seat in Lucklum.
The crisis of the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410 also spread to Lucklum. The Saxons of the Order, which were administered from here, became indebted and lost their reputation. In the course of the Reformation , in 1542, the commander converted to Protestant teaching. In the following years it became a pen for unmarried older gentlemen of the nobility. During the Thirty Years' War the buildings of the Coming House were badly damaged, but were rebuilt by Landkomtur Jan Daniel von Priort. His tomb is in the Lucklumer Church.
Daniel Christoph Georg Graf von der Schulenburg got into debt during his time as Landkomtur from 1757 to 1772 due to the Ballei, the cause of which was arbitrary and disorderly economic management. It is thanks to his successor Friedrich Wilhelm von Hardenberg , who ruled from 1774 to 1800, that the Ballei did not have to be given up prematurely. Hardenberg was one of the first German farmers to introduce breeding rams from merino sheep from Spain to refine the sheep's wool . With this he laid the foundation stone for the Lucklum regular sheep farm, which has become known nationwide. His nephew Friedrich von Hardenberg , who became known under the name of the writer Novalis , lived on the estate in Lucklum for about a year in 1784. Here he wrote some of his romantic poems.
In 1809 Napoleon I secularized the Teutonic Order in the states of the Rhine Confederation and transferred its property to the respective sovereigns. For Lucklum this was his youngest brother Jerome of Westphalia , which the domain Lucklum the Warberger bailiff sold Friedrich Ludwig Wahnschaffe. One of his ancestors was the multiple domain and manor owner Georg Wilhelm Wahnschaffe . In 1831 the estate became a manor at the instigation of Wahnschaff . In 1861 the Bremen merchant Johann Hinrich Frerichs acquired the manor and made the interior of the manor house more homely. For several generations the manor Lucklum remained in the property of the von Henninges family as heirs of the merchant Frerichs. At the end of the 1940s, more than 200 people were employed on the manor. In 1948 Adele Cramer von Clausbruch, née Frerichs, divided the manor because of a feared land reform . She bequeathed the property in Lucklum to her grandson Segeband von Henninges and the property in Reitlingstal to his brother Jürgen von Henninges . In the Reitlingstal the forest and pasture company Weidehof Reitling was established , which Jürgen von Henninges sold in 1969. On March 9, 2012, the manor with a size of 650 hectares was sold to the Wolfenbüttel Findel-Mast family, the owners of the Mast-Jägermeister company . In the 2000s, several small businesses settled on the manor.
buildings
When the Kommende was set up in Lucklum in 1264, the church, first mentioned in 1051, was converted into an order chapel. After the Duke of Brunswick granted the order the right to fortify it in 1281 , a closed fortified complex with a square floor plan was created, similar to the Teutonic castles in the Baltic Sea region. The expansion to the castle was completed in the 1320s.
church
The church, which was mostly built from Erker or Trochitenkalk , is a Romanesque hall building and the oldest part of the upcoming. Its westwork dates from before the order was established in Lucklum. The church and other buildings form the square inner courtyard of the Coming House. Initially, the church was probably included in the building ensemble as a defensive tower. After the Thirty Years' War there were substantial peasant renewals. At the end of the 17th century, the interior was painted based on templates from emblem books. In 1714 the church tower was given a baroque pent roof with an onion dome . Inside the church there is a gallery on which the knights of the order sat and a box in which the provincial commander had his place as head of the ballroom. The church contains a larger than life statue of the former provincial commander Jan Daniel von Priort (1618–1683), he holds a replica of the order's flag from 1684, which bears the black order cross on a white background. All around the figure are the coats of arms of the 43 knights of the order, who were incorporated into the Ballei Sachsen from the end of the Thirty Years' War until the order was dissolved in 1809.
The organ was built in 1861 by the organ builder Johann Andreas Engelhardt from Herzberg and has 12 registers on two manuals and a pedal. The organ has been preserved almost in its original composition. In 2009 the organ was restored and renovated.
Mansion
The gem of the former Kommende and the later manor is the former Kommenden and later manor house with the knight's hall , which was established around 1740. The current mansion was built on the previous building after the destruction in the Thirty Years' War. The Commander in Lucklum kept close ties to the Princely House of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . Therefore, oil paintings of the Brunswick dukes from Duke Anton Ulrich to Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand and their wives hung in the knight's hall. Further portraits showed images of the high and German masters of the order, Lucklum knights and all Lucklum regional committees. In 2010 the 57 portraits from the knight's hall were auctioned off at the art and auction house Kastern . The proceeds should flow into the renovation and security of the buildings. The pictures are still there, but as a copy in digitized form.
Next to the knight's hall there is a billiard room with colorful wallpaper and two salons, the “ducal rooms”, in which the Brunswick dukes often stayed.
- Portraits in the knight's hall (selection)
Portrait of Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
Portrait of August Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
(painting by Christoph Bernhard Francke )
Portrait of Karl I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
Portrait of Antoinette Amalie von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
(painting by Christorf Bernhard Francke)
Manor and garden
The upcoming area is surrounded by a high stone wall, which the Landkomtur Hans von Lossau had built at the end of the 16th century when the farmyard was redesigned. The numerous agricultural buildings are also massive stone buildings and were built after the Thirty Years' War. They are grouped around two courtyards that merge into one another.
There is a larger manor park, conceived as a baroque garden , which was converted into an English landscape park with foreign, especially American, tree species in the 18th century . It contained rare trees such as the American spindle tree , the Tartar honeysuckle and hemlock . The honeycomb , on which there is a horse pond, flows through the park and the courtyard .
A four-row linden avenue with a length of around 400 meters leads directly from the country road to the estate. It was laid out under the land contractor Friedrich Wilhelm von Hardenberg and mentioned as early as 1796. Since parts of the treetops threatened to break out and road safety was no longer given, over 133 linden trees were felled in 2017 and replaced by newly planted trees in 2018.
Possessions
At the beginning of the 14th century, the entire village of Lucklum was owned by the order. He operated forestry and agriculture, metal processing and fishing and maintained quarries. The commander's possessions existed in places in the region such as Cremlingen , Dobbeln , Eilum , Erkerode , Evessen , Hoiersdorf , Hötzum , Söllingen , Schöningen , Sickte , Twieflingen , Veltheim and Volzum . In the 15th and 16th centuries, the property became too large for self-management, so that goods were leased.
Land Commander
- Portraits of land commander in the knight's hall (selection)
Friedrich Maximilian vom Stain (1684)
Otto Diedrich von Bülow (1704)
Daniel Chr. Georg von der Schulenburg (1757)
Friedrich Wilhelm von Hardenberg (1774)
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See also
literature
- Hans Helmuth Rimpau: German order commander Lucklum . Edited by Hans Adolf Schultz, Braunschweig 1958
- Hans Adolf Schultz : Castles and palaces of the Braunschweiger Land . Braunschweig 1980, Die Deutschordenskommende Lucklum , pp. 51–53.
- Gesine Schwarz: The knight seats of the old country of Braunschweig. Göttingen 2008, pp. 85-92.
Web links
- Entry by Gudrun Pischke zu Lucklum, coming in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Reconstruction drawing of the Kommende Lucklum by Wolfgang Braun
- Description of the Teutonic Order Lucklum on the Lower Saxony monastery map of the Institute for Historical Research
- List of the Land Commander of Lucklum 1215–1772
- Website of the Lucklum manor
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Jägermeister family wants to buy the Lucklum manor , in: Braunschweiger Zeitung of February 20, 2012.
- ↑ Organ builder Engelhardt at www.herzberg.de.
- ↑ New life for Lucklumer Lindenallee in the ILE region Elm-Schunter from March 1st, 2017
Coordinates: 52 ° 12 ′ 15.2 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 18.5 ″ E