Hardenberg (Lower Saxon noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those von Hardenberg

Hardenberg is the name of an old noble family from Lower Saxony .

history

The family originally named after the northwest of the castle Hardenberg located regulars sitting Thüdinghausen and Großenrode . Members of the family were Burgmannen of the Archbishops of Mainz . It was first mentioned in a document in 1139 with Bernhardus de Thutigehusen .

Hardenberg Castle around 1650 (engraving by Merian )

Since 1219, the family bears the name of Hardenberg and has since the castle Hardenberg and since 1710 Hardenberg Castle as regular seats. The direct line of trunks begins with the knight Bernhard von Hardenberg (mentioned 1219–1241).

The Lords of Hardenberg changed their coat of arms several times . In old seals , two vertically positioned, turned away keys appear first. It was probably the coat of arms of the castle team on the Hardenberg, as another family of castle men , the Lords of Rosdorf , had the same coat of arms, but with different colors. There was consanguinity between the two Burgmannen sexes, but no tribal community has been proven. Since 1270, Hermann von Hardenberg owned a different herald's image , a shield divided transversely with a step . Hildebrand von Hardenberg first ran the now known Eberkopf in 1330.

Since 1287 members of the family had the Hardenberg Castle in pledge possession . This was terminated in 1607, but the Lords of Hardenberg were able to claim ownership with the help of Duke Heinrich Julius of Braunschweig . A division of the family property had already taken place in 1409 by Dietrich von Hardenberg, which resulted in the front and rear building , which divided the property and the castle. After the front building collapsed in a major thunderstorm in 1698, its line moved to nearby Göttingen and in 1710 to the newly built Hardenberg Castle at the foot of the Burgberg. The Hinterhaus line left the castle in 1720 and became a ruin.

As early as 1340 a line had emigrated to Denmark, which settled on the island of Funen, from 1475 to 1615 at Skjoldemose Manor in Stenstrup Sogn ; the line is then extinguished.

The progenitor of all later lines was Hildebrand Christoph von Hardenberg , governor and from 1682 president of the secret council of Braunschweig.

The brunswick-lüneburgische District Administrator Hans Ernst von Hardenberg and his illegitimate offspring were by Emperor Joseph II. On March 8, 1778 Vienna into the imperial counts charged.

The well-known state chancellor and reformer of the Kingdom of Prussia , Karl August von Hardenberg , was after the signing of the First Paris Peace in 1814 by King Friedrich Wilhelm III. in the princes levied. He also received the endowment , the former religious offices Lietzen and Quilitz (Neuhardenberg) under the name rule Neu-Hardenberg . There he had Schinkel rebuild Neuhardenberg Castle in a classical style.

His marriage to Christine Friderike Juliane, née Countess von Reventlow , gave birth to their son Christian, who in 1793 inherited the Reventlow property on Laaland in the Kingdom of Denmark from his mother . This raised the Danish King Friedrich VI. 1814 to the feudal county Hardenberg-Reventlow. After the death of his father in 1822, Christian, as a Danish liege-lord, renounced the dignity of a prince (for himself), which all other heirs then renounced, but received the right from the Prussian king to continue to use the princely coat of arms. In 1867 the Danish property (including Krenkerup and five other estates) passed out of the family again through female inheritance.

From the 17th century to 1945 Oberwiederstedt Castle in Saxony-Anhalt was owned by the baronial line that also exists today; the poet Friedrich von Hardenberg, who called himself Novalis , was born there in 1772 . 1727–68 the Wiederstedt line also owned Rethmar Castle near Hanover.

On October 12, 1854, the respective owner of the free civil status Neu-Hardenberg , founded in 1820, was given a hereditary seat in the Prussian manor house . The family was also represented in the Neumark. From 1802 to 1945 the Rettkau manor (now Retków in the Grębocice municipality ) in Lower Silesia was owned by the family.

In addition to the headquarters at the castle and chateau in Nörten-Hardenberg, branches of the family now manage the estates in Drönnewitz , Holtau , Levershausen , Lietzen , Ostlutter , Schwicheldt and Wolbrechtshausen .

There is no relationship with the Hardenberg (Westphalian aristocratic family) at Hardenberg Castle and Hardenberg Castle in Velbert near the Ruhr , which had already died out around 1450, and who ruled Hardenberg .

coat of arms

Blazon of the family coat of arms : “In silver, a red-tongued, silver-reinforced black boar head (boar head). On the bucket helmet in profile on a leaning shield with a black and silver blanket, the black boar's head, alternately studded with three silver and two black ostrich feathers. "

Lang (see reference) gives the following explanation in 1793: “The Rosdorf gender coat of arms were two upright keys with their backs turned against each other according to the old form, shaped almost like the wooden keys customary here in this country. The oldest Hardenberg seals here in the archive are exactly the same. You can find prints of them at Tradit. Corbej. Harenberg. Histori. Gandersh. Kuchenbecker and from this in the Schlieben gender history. The oldest line [Hardenberg], which settled at Lindau, kept the keys, but the younger line, which remained on the Hardenberg, added the boar's head to its coat of arms in the 14th century, which probably belonged to the inventory of Hohnstedt, which the Hardenbergers owned, because the Lords of Hohnstedt still have a boar's head, and the first coat of arms with the boar's head comes from the year 1330 in a document about Hohnstedt. After a while, the Lindauer Hardenberge also put the boar's head in the shield, but the keys as a jewel on the helmet. "

In Siebmacher's book of arms, the upper coat of arms appears without feathers with a spangenhelm and a silver-black cover. In the Reichsgrafendiplom of 1778 all feathers are tinged in black, in old illustrations they are also red and silver.

Heraldic saga

According to a legend , about the origins of the castle , during one of the family's many feuds, Hardenberg Castle was besieged by the Lords of Plesse Castle . When the Plessen was attacked at night , an old mother pig is said to have woken up the castle residents with loud grunts. Determined, they rushed into battle and drove the attackers to flight.

Until now a key was the symbol of the Hardenbergs (coat of arms of the Lords of Rosdorf ), but since then a boar's head has adorned the coat of arms of the house. It also became the trademark of the Count's Hardenberg grain distillery, which was founded in 1700 and is now the Hardenberg-Wilthen AG grain distillery .

Historical coats of arms

  • Book of arms of the first, "Codex Seffken" from 1379

  • Coat of arms from Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

  • Count's coat of arms from the Silesian coat of arms book

  • Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1907

Known family members

literature

  • Heinrich Graesse: German aristocratic history. (Reprint of the 1876 edition) Reprint-Verlag, Leipzig 1999; ISBN 3-8262-0704-1 .
  • Otto Hupp : Munich calendar 1907. Munich / Regensburg publishing house 1907.
  • Hans-Joachim Mähl :  Hardenberg, noble family from Lower Saxony. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 651 ( digitized version ).
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume IV, Page 435, Volume 67 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1978.
  • Johann Wolf: History of the von Hardenberg family , part 2, with 123 documents, Göttingen 1823, part 1 , part 2
  • Karl Heinrich von Lang : The history of the Hardenberg family , 1793; Published in 1965 by Hans Adolf Graf von Hardenberg
  • Dietrich Witte: The nobles from Hardenberg to Lindau and their relationship to the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Wulften (Bilshausen and Lindau). In: Heimatblätter for the south-western edge of the Harz, issue 66 (2010), pp. 132-143
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses, 1900, S.403ff

Web links

Commons : Hardenberg (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The interpretation that the von Rosdorf coat of arms was not also carried by that of Hardenberg is incorrect. Lang (see reference) already shows that the brothers Bernhard and Gunther von Hardenberg carried the original coat of arms of the Lords of Rosdorf, their blood relatives, in 1229 (see individual records).
  2. ↑ Danmarks Adels Aarbog (DAA) 1897, pp. 186–87 + 192–93 as well as Danish article there: Hardenberg (nedersaksisk adelsslægt)
  3. ↑ Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility, Volume G XVI, page 163, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg, 2000
  4. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856 pp. 226-233
  5. ↑ 1229, 1241, 1247, to name just three of the early Hardenberg documents, documents still provided with the Rosdorf key coat of arms.
  6. ↑ Georg Schambach / Wilhelm Müller : Why the Lords of Hardenberg have a pig's head in their coat of arms . In: Lower Saxony legends and fairy tales. Collected from the mouth of the people. Göttingen 1855, pp. 7–8. Online at Zeno.org
  7. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968, page 51