Plesse Castle
| Plesse Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Plesse Castle seen from the southwest |
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| Alternative name (s): | Plesseburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1015 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, counts | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Bovenden - Eddigehausen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 35 '51.4 " N , 9 ° 57' 57.3" E | |
| Height: | 350 m above sea level NN | |
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The plesse castle , also Plesseburg or ruin Plesseburg called, is a medieval castle ruins about 7 kilometers north of Göttingen in southern Lower Saxony . It has been owned by the State of Lower Saxony since 1945 and has been a listed building since 1978.
location
The ruin of the Spornburg is in the extreme northwest part of the Göttingen Forest . It is located on an approximately 350 meter high mountain spur , the southwest foothills of the 386 meter high Wittenberg. This is located in the district of Göttingen east of the Bovenden area , above and east of the Eddigehausen district . The castle is located on the Solling-Harz-Querweg . A few kilometers to the west, a section of the Leine flowing about 200 m deeper in the Leinegraben and the traffic routes B3 and A7 run in a south-north direction .
Building description
Plesse Castle was built on a rock made of light shell limestone . The originally 30 meter high keep was shortened to 23 meters in 1542 for fear of collapse when cannon fire. Its diameter (at the height of the courtyard) is 15.26 meters, the thickness of the tower walls 4.24 meters. The lower area of the keep is made of regular stone blocks and dates from the 12th century. The overlying, irregular quarry stone masonry and the battlements were added during the restorations of the 19th century. In addition, there is the 22-meter-high small tower, which is a good 7 meters in diameter, considerably slimmer and, with a 2.25 meter thick wall, less defensive in the lower area. This tower was built as a watch tower at the most exposed point of the mountain spur and is also known as "Sydekum" (look around). Access to both towers was originally only possible through a gate at a height of around 10 meters. The keep can now be climbed via an internal staircase as a viewing tower and offers a good view of Eddigehausen and the Leine valley. In addition to the two towers, the moat , the lower (outer) gate, the middle gate with the gate house and on the main castle the so-called "stone house" and the ruins of the chapel have been preserved and restored in the 19th and 20th centuries . Also from the outer walls substantial remains are preserved - so the wall of the "Caningartens" in the front castle and parts of the corner bastions "Eichsfeld" and "Catzengarten".
There are numerous sagas and legends about the fountain of Plesse Castle. Tradition has it that an underground passage led from the well to the Mariaspring spring . In fact, there was a corridor reported by files from 1802. This corridor was found in Eddigehausen, which lies below the castle, and connected the castle to the cellar of a residential building on the domain . To date, there is no archaeological evidence of a well on the castle grounds. In the courtyard of the nearby Barbican Deppoldshausen there is a 100 m deep well was deepened in 1937 m from the drilling company Anger's sons 130th It can be assumed that this fountain is the fountain of Burg Plesse. It is very unlikely that two wells were sunk at such a depth in close proximity, even though a distance of just over four kilometers (there and back) had to be covered to get water.
Numerous historical views of Plesse Castle are known.
Plesse Castle around 1900
Lower gate as access to the outer bailey
Gate house as access to the central castle
View to the keep
Castle and beer garden
history
Donated by Bishop Meinwerk in 1015
In his famous posthumously written life story about the Paderborn Bishop Meinwerk - the " Vita Meinwerci episcopi Patherbrunnensis" - Abbot Konrad von Abdinghof of the Paderborn Abdinghof Monastery reported around 1160 that the Bishop Meinwerk on September 15, 1015, the day of the consecration of the Paderborn Cathedral , transferred the Plesse Castle from his Immedingen inheritance in the tribal duchy of Saxony to his church . The Bishop's Church then received a thousand and one hundred Hufen with the proviso that some of these goods, which his mother should enjoy for life, were to be found in new churches. This source is rated differently by researchers. Some take the Vita Meinwerci as proof that Plesse Castle already existed in 1015, others emphasize that Meinwerk wanted to secure old legal titles of the Paderborn diocese at the castle, and also "greatly exaggerated" the size of the property given. The areas "from Minden to Magdeburg".
Counts of Winzenburg as builders of the castle
Heinrich the Lion dominated historical interest to such an extent that partisans and opponents such as the Counts of Winzenburg did not come into their own for a long time. In the first half of the 12th century - in just two generations - they achieved a rise in power politics before their importance died out again. Hermann I. von Winzenburg (* around 1083, † 1138) was on his father's side Baier / Bayer (Vogt von Formbach and the Göttweig Monastery) and seems to have acquired considerable estates in southern Lower Saxony through his mother, Mathilde von Reinhausen. An advantage that his sons, Hermann II von Winzenburg (* 1110 - † 1152) and Heinrich von Assel (* 1115 - † 1146) were able to assert. This second Winzenburg generation was at times one of the strong opponents of the Guelph Duke and possibly built Plesse Castle on Paderborn between 1122 and 1128. Compared to documents and other sources about the later rule of Plesse, there are only few reliable data on the history of the high medieval castle. As for most castles from earlier times, the founding date of the Plesse has not been passed down. Martin Last suspects that it could have been at the beginning of the Investiture Controversy 1077/78. The castle was changed several times. However, castle-historical facts speak against the fact that the complex - as we know it - was built in 1015. Perhaps Abbot Konrad von Abdinghof knew more than we can prove today, namely that there was already a previous building at that point during the time of Bishop Meinwerk, “urbs, qui Plesse dicitur”.
Hermann I of Winzenburg
Hermann I von Winzenburg was temporarily Margrave of Meißen and Landgrave of Thuringia. He not only belonged to the closest entourage of King Henry V (HRR) , but one must also describe him as an aggressive feud type and man of power. For example, he left Burchard I of Loccum - a confidante of King Lothar III. (HRR) - kill over a castle-building argument. Hermann I von Winzenburg was condemned for this on the Prince's Day in Quedlinburg on August 18, 1130. His imperial fiefs, the Landgraviate of Thuringia and the Margraviate of Meißen, were confiscated. The diocese of Hildesheim also withdrew the fiefdom of the Winzenburg and the property belonging to it. Therefore the outlaw opposed stubborn resistance to the king and princes. He entrenched himself in the Winzenburg for a long time against an army sent against him and only surrendered on December 31, 1130. The Winzenburg was razed and Hermann I had to face the king temporarily as a prisoner on the Blankenburg (Harz). At the time when his father had fallen out of favor, his son Hermann II von Winzenburg moved to the Rhineland, probably Mainz. He stayed there until his father was released from the eight . Hermann I von Winzenburg was entrusted by the king with defensive tasks in the north from 1134 and died as a fortress commander in Segeberg (Holstein) in 1137/38. He was born around 1083 in Formbach Bavaria as the son of Countess Mathilde von Reinhausen and Count Hermann von Formbach and Windberg, who was a son of Meginhard IV von Formbach and Windberg. His date of death 1122, wrongly given by many historians, refers to his father, Hermann von Formbach and Windberg and his uncle , Count Hermann III von Reinhausen, who both died in Formbach in the same year. After the death of his uncle Hermann III von Reinhausen in 1122, Hermann I von Winzenburg took over the inheritance of the Counts of Reinhausen as legal successor. This included the Gaugrafenamt in Leinegau and the Reinhausen monastery . Source: State Archives Hanover, Reinhausen Monastery Document No. 2, containing the records of the first abbot Reinhard of the Reinhausen Monastery in 1153/1156 and on the founding of the monastery and the family of the founders.
Various gentlemen named "Plesse"
This meant that Hermann I von Winzenburg was initially weakened and neutralized, but neither economically nor politically destroyed and his brothers obviously stood by him. He also kept Plesse Castle and in this weak phase it seems to have fulfilled its intended role as a strategic Winzenburg base in the upper Leine valley. Because in a deed of donation, which in the summer of 1139 by King Konrad III. was issued in Hersfeld in favor of the Volkenroda monastery , the Winzenburger calls himself “Hermannus comes de Plessa” and his brother Heinrich von Assel is also included in the regest on a document from Archbishop Heinrich I of Mainz from 1144 as “Heinrich von Plesse " designated. In general, the changed political conditions helped Hermann II von Winzenburg, eight years after his father's conviction, to turn the tide. From 1138 he quickly moved back into a respected position and won the favor of the reigning King Konrad III. and again became a vassal of Mainz.
The example of Burg Plesse makes it clear that no family names were known in the 12th century. Anyone who had to identify themselves more precisely in legal transactions added an epithet to their first name. Members of the aristocracy usually appeared in documents with the place name of their property and if they owned several properties, they would change their names depending on the circumstances. The term familia was also broader than it is today. The entire paternal and maternal kinship of a person belonged to it.
In a list of feudal people from the Corvey Monastery , which can be dated to the years 1107–1128, a “Ropertus de Blessen” appears, which in 1138 in a document from Archbishop Adalbert II of Mainz for the Fredelsloh Monastery as “Rubertus prefectus castelli Plesse "And 1139 in a deed for the Katlenburg monastery as" comes castelli de Plesse Ropertus ". Ropertus (Robert) belonged to the noble family of those von Eberschütz- Schöneberg , who owned possessions at Hofgeismar. Among the witnesses in those two documents, Robert von Plesse ranked diplomatically after Count Hermann II von Winzenburg, who also had his own property and count's rights in the region around Hofgeismar. Since Robert von Plesse and his brother Konrad appear particularly in documents in which Hermann II von Winzenburg and his close relatives appear, a close relationship between this sex and the Winzenburgers can be assumed. In any case, Robert von Plesse probably commanded Castle Plesse until 1150 on behalf of the Winzenburgers.
Consolidation of Power
As an opponent of the Guelph Duke and Siegfried IV von Boyneburg (Northeim), Hermann II von Winzenburg slowed down their ambitions for power in the central and southern Leine area and presumably did all of this in the interests of the king. And when it suited him well, Hermann II reconciled himself with the Northeimer in 1140, thus initiating an inheritance that was important for his house. When Siegfried IV of Bomeneburg died on April 27, 1144 and the dynasty of the Counts of Northeim died out with him , his younger brother Heinrich von Assel - alias von Plesse - quickly married his widow Richenza and thus secured the Bomeneburgers for the Winzenburgers Allodial estates and Mainz church fiefs that would otherwise have been given to Heinrich the Lion as the closest relative of the Counts of Northeim entitled to inheritance.
Heinrich von Assel died as early as 1146, so that Hermann II von Winzenburg had no choice but to purchase from his widowed sister-in-law that part of the estate that she could dispose of. He always had the means. In addition, King Konrad III transferred. the Winzenburgers all county and bailiwick rights that Siegfried IV of Bomeneburg had owned as a fiefdom from the empire. Hermann II von Winzenburg was also able to secure the fiefdoms that Siegfried IV held from the Archbishopric of Mainz and other churches. How important is the Winzenheim burgers especially the Mainzer fiefs were, the result is that they her for the Archdiocese Kloster Reinhausen and the monastery Northeim they had just purchased ceded. King Konrad III, too. was able to see the regulation of the territorial relations after the extinction of the Bomeneburgers as a success, because the Winzenburgs (protagonists of the Staufer party ) formed a counterweight to the expansive Welfs from then on in Saxon.
Around 1138 Hermann II von Winzenburg is referred to as Count von Plesse. He joined King Conrad III. on, was considered an imperial prince and is listed as a witness in many royal documents. He constantly argued with the bishops of Halberstadt and the abbots of Corvey about withheld fiefs. As protégé of the king he finally succeeded on May 8th 1150 - but with the reservations clearly stated on the record by the Bishop of Hildesheim and against a papal feudal mandate ban - to be enfeoffed with the Winzenburg again.
The Counts of Winzenburg owned such important castles and church bailiffs in what is now southern Lower Saxony - Asselburg , Derneburg , Ringelheim , Winzenburg , Homburg , Gandersheim , Schildberg , Corvey , Northeim , castle ruins Schöneberg , Reinhausen , the same , possibly also Herzberg and Helmarshausen - and last but not least the Plesse. Around the middle of the 12th century they controlled an area that stretched from the middle Leine to northern Hesse and into Eichsfeld. They created all of this in just two generations, but all the power of Hermann II was not enough to protect himself and his family personally. On the night of January 29, 1152, ministerials from the Hildesheim Church penetrated Winzenburg and killed him and his pregnant wife, Luitgard von Stade. This broke the rulership base of one of the great families of the Staufer era apart. Only the death of the Winzenburger, who had been the most powerful prince in what is now southern Lower Saxony since 1144 at the latest, made it possible for Heinrich the Lion to consolidate his rulership in the upper Leine area and expand it without competition until he was ostracized in 1180. The Guelph did not come into the possession of the Plesse.
Since 1150 the castle has been the seat of the noble lords of Plesse, who named themselves after the castle. Emperor Heinrich VI. exchanged Castle Plesse for Castle Desenberg near Warburg (Westphalia) in 1192 , but the exchange was reversed in 1195. In 1447 the Lords of Plesse gave their own property to Landgrave Ludwig von Hessen as a fief. The reason for this was the fragmentation of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Göttingen . The leading aristocratic families could not escape the troubled clashes of the pledges and therefore sought protection and support from another sovereign.
Castle since 1150 after fief of those of Höckelheim
After the Winzenburg family died out in 1170, the lords of Höckelheim / Plesse and the castle entered into direct feudal relationships with the diocese of Paderborn. Bernhard I von Plesse (1150–1190) from the family of the Lords von Höckelheim, was probably the older son of Helmold I von Höckelheim (1097/1144). He first named himself after the castle in 1150. At that time Hermann II of Winzenburg was still alive, so it can be assumed that Bernhard I initially only owned the castle as a Winzenburg after fief and was consequently its vassal. Whether Bernhard II entered into a direct feudal relationship with Paderborn in the year of Hermann II von Winzenburg's death (1152) or not until much later - and then immediately together with his brother Gottschalk II von Höckelheim - is not dealt with in any documents, but it can be said different documents can be derived.
Lords of Höckelheim around 1180 vassals of the Bishop of Paderborn
The fact that a direct feudal relationship between the lords of Höckelheim and Paderborn only arose in the years 1173–1183 can be based on the following facts:
- Hermann II von Winzenburg and his brother Heinrich von Assel owned the Plesse together. It was customary under feudal law that after Heinrich's death in 1146 his son, Otto von Assel, moved into the father's position and in 1152, after the death of his uncle Hermann II von Winzenburg, who died childless, he also inherited his feudal rights to Castle Plesse. If the fief had become vacant or even if it had only been doubtful, Heinrich the Lion would have claimed it for himself, as it did all around. Of course, the Vita Meinwerci was written around 1160 not primarily for the glory of the great patron, but above all to re-establish old Paderborn claims in good time: Plesse Castle was one of them.
- With regard to the Plesse, from the perspective of the diocese, it was wise to keep the ball flat until Otto von Assel's death, as was already required under feudal law. Otto von Assel died in 1170 without male heirs. With it, the sex of the Winzenburg and went out escheat all their remaining feudal entered. Therefore, the Diocese of Paderborn was only free from 1170 to bring the castle into a new feudal relationship with the Lords of Höckelheim.
This assumption harmonizes for various reasons: (1) The brothers Bernhard I and Gottschalk I von Höckelheim first appeared together as Lords of Plesse on August 15, 1183. (2) Shortly before, on April 21, 1183, Bishop Adelog von Hildesheim described the Höckelheimer as Count - comes Bernhardus de Plesse. This address was not an indication of a previous increase in rank, but was only a carefully chosen eulogy for those who had played their role on the Plesse well since 1150, but who now had a direct fiefdom relationship with their strategically important castle none other than the neighboring diocese of Paderborn had joined. From 1189 at the latest, the Lords of Höckelheim only called themselves de Plesse .
Modern times
In 1536 the Reformation was introduced in the Plesse rulership, to which the surrounding villages belonged . It had a Reformed accent right from the start thanks to the theologian Petrus Noyen van Weert (Wertheim), who had fled the Netherlands and worked as a preacher on the Plesse from 1536 to 1540. However, after Martin Luther personally in one of Dietrich III. The expert opinion requested by Plesse had judged the Dutchman's teaching to be “not right”, the rule of Plesse came under the influence of a theology that was influenced by Lutheran from Göttingen. With Dietrich IV von Plesse, the tribe of the von Plesse who lived here died in 1571. A Mecklenburg line of the family " von Plessen " still exists today. Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel took over the rule of Plesse as a fallen fiefdom. In 1614, Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel enforced the Reformed Confession in the rule of Plesse . In the years 1623/24 he stayed at the castle several times with his family. After a siege in 1627, the castle and rule of Plesse were temporarily ceded to Landgrave Georg II of Hesse-Darmstadt . In 1660 the castle was finally given up and from then on served the inhabitants of the surrounding villages as building material through stone demolition.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited Plesse Castle in 1801. After the French occupation in 1807, rule was transferred to the canton of Bovenden in the Kingdom of Westphalia . After the collapse of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1813, the Electorate of Hesse took over the rule of Plesse again. However, due to an exchange agreement between Prussia , the Kingdom of Hanover and Electorate Hesse, the rule of Plesse fell to the Kingdom of Hanover on May 1, 1817. The first restoration work was carried out on Plesse Castle from 1821 onwards, and from 1853 to 1864 the castle was extensively restored on the initiative of the Hanoverian royal couple. Further work followed in 1909. In the 19th century, the Plesse was a popular excursion destination for Göttingen students, also because the rule of Plesse was treated as a duty-free foreign country for the Hanoverian Göttingen due to its affiliation to Hesse and thus offered lower purchase prices.
The former affiliation of the Plesse rulership to Hesse has left its mark - in church terms - to this day. Unlike the other places in southern Lower Saxony, the Protestant communities in the Plessedörfern Bovenden , Eddigehausen , Angerstein , Reyershausen , Spanbeck , Oberbillingshausen and Holzerode do not belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover , but to the Evangelical Reformed Church .
Plesse Castle has been the property of the State of Lower Saxony since 1945 . The Friends of Burg Plesse e. V. “, which is dedicated to castle research.
Today's use of the castle
Burg Plesse is now home to a restaurant and is the venue for concerts, theater performances and other cultural events. Castle tours are organized by the friends' association. In addition, the Bovenden registry office regularly carries out marriages and registrations of partnerships at the castle.
Origin of the name Plesse
The bright rock spur
Plesse is a field name that has been known from time immemorial in the upper Linen Valley. The name Plesse, which stands for paleness (colorlessness), probably comes from the light rock spur on which the castle stands. The place of the castle was already occupied in the older pre-Roman Iron Age (8th - 6th centuries BC, with a wall set in clay). Abbot Konrad von Abdinghof described the location of the castle for the initiated around 1160 with “sitam in loco, qui Plesse dicitur”, which can be translated as “The city is in a place called Plesse”. During the excavation carried out in 1983 inside the castle chapel of St. Peter and Paul, it could be proven that a first medieval predecessor structure was placed on the Iron Age topography that existed at the time. The castle from around 1200 then reshapes this topography very much. The dating of the medieval predecessor system can currently only tend towards the 11th / 12th. Century go.
"Pletzken"
In the last 400 years there has been constant speculation about where Meinwerk's castle (Paderborn Bishop, 975-1036), got the name “Plesse”. In his "Stammbuch der Noble von Schwanringen / vnd Herren zu Plesse" (1587), Johannes Letzner mentioned the tradition that Gottschalk von Schwanringen, after successfully searching for a suitable building site for the castle, proclaimed:
"Truly is a fine wolgelegener pletzken
as sol and a Borg must be prepared and gebawet. (...)
and the beginner Baw Pletzke was used,
and after the length of time and style of the common people
, the three letters tzk have disappeared
and ss instead of
being called Plesse is a
little easier to pronounce
than Pletzke, like many other names happened. "
"Blaze"
Joachim Meier countered this in his "Origines et Antiquitates Plessenses" (1713):
“The old fable or fat Munich lies (monk lies) that Plesse is supposed to be named by the word Pläzken is (...) fully re-interpreted by me. (...)
Where they get the name Pleße from, I do not dare to say for sure, because such things are difficult: However, I think that, like Pleße or Bleße / Plaße or Blaße, a very old German word is, and signifies the forehead or the front part of the head. "
Joachim Meier is the first to bring this meaning into the conversation.
coat of arms
So far, the description of the so-called family coat of arms of the Lords of Plesse reads as follows:
The coat of arms of Helmold II from the year 1209 depicted on the Quedlinburg reliquary is the first depiction of a coat of arms of the Lords of Plesse. The tinging is clearly recognizable as red and silver: On the red shield there is a horizontally aligned wall anchor held in silver, the four ends of which are rolled inwards in a spiral shape. In later years the permuted form - red wall anchor on a silver background, sometimes also on a gold background - became common.
In fact, however, the Quedlinburg coat of arms box (it is not a reliquary) shows a completely different coat of arms than that which can be seen on the so-called family coat of arms. This coat of arms is claimed for Helmold II von Plesse, who belongs to the inner circle around King Otto IV, with whom the coat of arms box is associated. It is not a question of an object composed of four individual parts (which can be interpreted as a wall anchor), but rather an object presented as a whole part, whereby the new course of interpretation is directed more towards the area of jewelry or chain link (Moritz 2020 ).
literature
- Martin Last: Plesse Castle . In: Flecken Bovenden (Ed.): Plessen Archive . Series of publications in annual succession (1966–1998) Volume 10, Goltze-Druck, Göttingen 1975, pages 9–249.
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The ruins of Burg Plesse pp. 83–85, in: If stones could talk , Volume III, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-7842-0515-1 .
- Josef Dolle (Hrsg.): Document book on the history of the rule Plesse (until 1300). (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen , 37, Sources and studies on the history of Lower Saxony in the Middle Ages, 26 ). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-7752-5820-5 .
- Thomas Moritz (et al.): 4th excavation campaign at Plesse Castle, Bovenden community, district of Göttingen , In: Plesse-Archiv, Issue 20 (1984), published by Flecken Bovenden, pp. 11–159.
- Thomas Moritz (Ed.): A firm castle - the Plesse, interdisciplinary castle research. Erich Goltze publishing house, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-88452-350-3 .
- Markus C. Blaich , Sonja Stadje, Kim Kappes: Burg Plesse in: Die Heldenburg bei Salzderhelden, castle and residence in the Principality of Grubenhagen , (= guide to the prehistory and early history of Lower Saxony. 32) Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg, 2019, p. 93– 98
- Christian von Plessen (ed.): Wall anchor and bull. Plesse, Plessen. A thousand years of a north German noble family. Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2015, ISBN 978-3-944033-03-7 .
- M. Bendiner: The imperial counts, a constitutional study. Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the High Philosophical Faculty of the Royal Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, F. Straub's Academic Printing Office, Munich 1888.
- List of cited literature:
| Citation in individual references | swell |
|---|---|
| Bertheau 1915 | Friedrich Bertheau: The migrations of the Lower Saxon nobility to Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony , 50th year, 1915; Booklet 1, pages 1–37 and Booklet 4, pages 351–395. |
| Elerd 1980 | Udo Elerd: Ropertus de Blessen (1107/28) - On the origin of the first known functionary at Castle Plesse . In: Flecken Bovenden (Ed.): Plessen Archive . Series of publications in annual succession (1966-1998), Goltze-Druck, Göttingen, Volume 16 (1980), pages 43-50. |
| Friedrich 1995 | Ernst Andreas Friedrich: If stones could talk. Volume III, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-7842-0515-1 |
| Keindorf 2003 | Gudrun Keindorf and Thomas Moritz (ed. On behalf of the association “Friends of Burg Plesse eV”): Bigger than Heinrich the Lion. King George V of Hanover as builder and identity giver. Accompanying volume for the exhibition. State and University Library Göttingen, Paulinerkirche. Mecke Verlag, Duderstadt 2003. ISBN 3-936617-16-3 |
| Crow 1996 | Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages - floor plan lexicon, Bechtermünz-Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-86047-219-4 |
| Kruppa 2001 | Natalie Kruppa: New thoughts on the Quedlinburg coat of arms . In: Max Planck Institute for History (Ed.) The current publications of the employees, Göttingen 2001, pages 153–177. |
| Load 1977 | Last, Martin: Die Burg Plesse , special print from Plesse archive 10 - 1975, Göttingen 1977, pages 9–249. |
| Letzner 1587 | Johannes Letzner: Stammbuch der Noble von Schwanringen / vnnd Herren zu Plesse / from all kinds of old indexes and written announcements / to all those / so still available from this noble family / to honor / brought together in a correct order and described . Muhlhausen 1587. |
| Lisch 1840 | Friedrich Lisch: The Wismar Castle . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology, Fifth Year, Schwerin 1840, pages 5-19. |
| Moritz 2002 | Thomas Moritz (Hrsg.): A solid castle The Plesse. Accompanying volume for the exhibition. Landesmuseum Braunschweig 2002. ISBN 3-927939-53-6 |
| Moritz 2015 | Thomas Moritz: 1,000 years (castle) Plesse !? - A castle and many questions ... - Topography and development of the Plesse in prehistoric times and in the High Middle Ages. In: Ein Feste Burg - messages from the association "Friends of Burg Plesse" e. V. 2015, Bovenden 2015, pp. 27–42 (available on the association's website). |
| Moritz 2020 | Thomas Moritz: Fewrherrn and Thürherrn (?) - The coat of arms of the Lords of Plesse / Plesse and its problems. New information on an old story. In: Ein Feste Burg - Announcements of the association "Friends of Burg Plesse" eV 2020, Bovenden 2020, in print |
| Petke 2001 | Wolfgang Petke: Foundation and reform of Reinhausen and the castle policy of the Counts of Winzenburg in high medieval Saxony . In: Peter Aufgebauer on behalf of the association "Friends of Burg Plesse eV" (ed.). In: Castle research in southern Lower Saxony. Book publisher Göttinger Tageblatt, Göttingen 2001, pages 65–96. |
| Rösener 2000 | Werner Rösener: The rule of the Lords of Plesse: Aspects of a medieval aristocratic rule. In: Thomas Moritz (Ed.): A solid castle - the Plesse, interdisciplinary castle research. Erich Goltze publishing house, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-88452-350-3 , pages 317-325. |
| Scherwatzky 1913 | Robert Scherwatzky: History of the rule Plesse . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony, Volume 78 (1913), pages 299–342. |
| Schwennicke 2001 | Detlef Schwennicke: On the genealogy of the Lords of Plesse . In: Peter Aufgebauer on behalf of the association “Friends of Burg Plesse e. V. “(Ed.). In: Castle research in southern Lower Saxony. Book publisher Göttinger Tageblatt, Göttingen 2001. Pages 113–125. |
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann about Castle Plesse in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Burg Plesse at Burgenarchiv.de
- Description on burgenwelt.de
- Legends from Lower Saxony - Giants bake together at Project Gutenberg-DE
- Reconstruction drawing in the medieval state
- View of Plesse Castle at the time it was inhabited on Kulturerbe.niedersachsen.de
- Collection of old postcards from the Plesseburg
- Georg Schambach , Wilhelm Müller : Lower Saxon legends and fairy tales: Collected from the mouth of the people . Göttingen 1855, pp. 4–7 ( books.google.de )
- Friends of Burg Plesse e. V.
- View of the castle from 1778
- View of the castle from 1800
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thomas Moritz (ed.): A solid castle - die Plesse , Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-88452-350-3 , p. 73
- ^ Burg Plesse at Burgenarchiv.de
- ↑ a b Peter F. Lufen: Monuments in Lower Saxony, Volume 5.2: District of Göttingen, Altkreis Münden . Hanover 1993, ISBN 3-87585-251-6 , p. 95f digitized
- ↑ Ralf Busch : The Castle Plesse . In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments. Volume 16: Göttingen and the Göttingen Basin , Mainz 1970, p. 169ff.
- ↑ Plesse on burgenarchiv.de
- ↑ A. Hartwig. The legendary Plessebrunnen
- ↑ Jens-Uwe Brinkmann. Views of Plesse Castle. Göttinger Tageblatt, 2010
- ^ Katharina Klocke: Castle history in copperplate engravings and sketches . Göttinger Tageblatt . December 21, 2010. Accessed April 10, 2020.
- ^ Franz Tenckhoff (ed.), Vita Meinwerei Episcopi Patherbrunnensis (The Life of Bishop Meinwerk von Paderborn) (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), Scriptores rerum Germanicarum , Vol. 59), Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1921 (unchanged reprint Hanover 1983) .
- ↑ 2015: Burg Plesse turns 1000 years old / Overview / Göttingen / Message from December 28, 2012 on the website of the Göttinger Tageblatt , accessed on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ mansus = hooves = 8-20 ha, a regionally different size
- ^ Dolle: Document book on the history of the rule Plesse (until 1300). 1998, No. 1
- ↑ Scherwatzky 1913, pp. 299–342
- ↑ Last 1975, p. 27
- ↑ Bertheau 1915, page 366 f
- ↑ Petke 2001, page 68
- ^ Last 1975, p. 52
- ↑ Last 1975, p. 28; Bernotat 1986, pp. 25-30
- ↑ UBPlesse10
- ↑ a b c UBPlesse 14
- ↑ Schwennicke 2001, page 112
- ↑ UBPlesse 5
- ↑ UBPlesse 7
- ↑ Horst Gramatzki: The Fredelsloh Abbey from the foundation to the expiration of its convent, 2001, p. 29
- ↑ UBPlesse 9
- ↑ Elerd 1980, pp. 43-50
- ↑ Rösener 2000, page 318
- ↑ Petke 2001, page 65 (91)
- ↑ UBPlesse 15
- ↑ UBPlesse 10, 13, Regeste to 14
- ↑ Bendier 1888
- ↑ UBPlesse 22
- ↑ UBPlesse 21
- ^ Plesse parishes. In: reformiert.de. Evangelical Reformed Church, accessed December 23, 2015 .
- ^ Synodal Association Plesse. In: reformiert.de. Evangelical Reformed Church, accessed December 23, 2015 .
- ^ Association Friends of Burg Plesse e. V. Accessed March 4, 2015 .
- ^ Bovenden registry office. Retrieved March 4, 2015 .
- ↑ UBPlesse No. 2
- ↑ Aufgebauer 2000
- ↑ Letzner 1587
- ↑ Meier 1713, pages 127 and 44 f