House Düsse
The Research and Education Center for Agriculture Haus Düsse with the Center for Renewable Raw Materials NRW is a moated castle built by Adrian van der Düssen in 1641 and today serves the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture as the central educational and test facility for animal and plant production.
location
Haus Düsse is located in the Bad Sassendorf - Ostinghausen district , 10 km northeast of Soest , roughly halfway between Soest and Lippstadt . Ostinghausen should not be confused with the neighboring Oestinghausen about 7 km northeast of Soest.
Haus Düsse is located on the northern edge of the Soester Börde. The altitude is on average 70 m above sea level. The number of arable land was set between 58 and 78 land points. The soils are created from loess deposits. In contrast to the other well-known, comparable German soils, the Soester Börde is characterized by higher rainfall. The average annual rainfall is 750 mm and the average annual temperature 9.2 ° C.
The soil development on Haus Düsse was strongly influenced by the high moisture penetration and the strongly fluctuating groundwater. The predominant soil types of the test property are Gley-Parabraunerden and Parabraunerden-Gleye. In the depressions and valleys there are also gleye, brown floodplains and alluvial meadows. The water-holding power of the soils is good. The humus content is between 2 and 4%, the silt content is approx. 80%. Almost all floors on house nozzles are very sensitive to pressure and tend to silt up. The soil cultivation must therefore not be carried out too finely.
Due to the natural conditions of Haus Düsse, which apply to a large area of the Soest Börde, grain cultivation has always played a dominant role here. There has been a sensible adjustment in the selection of the crop species to the local conditions.
history
Before 1927
In 1231 the "Rittergut Ostinghausen" was first mentioned in a document. It belonged to the extensive possessions of the Count von Arnsberg . Until 1641 the knightly estate was owned by various Westphalian noble families. On December 5, 1641, Friedrich Freiherr von Fürstenberg sold it to Adrian van der Düssen .
Van der Düssen was the son-in-law of the Dutch statesman Jan van Oldenbarnefeld . In this role he got into the religious disputes of that time. Due to his involvement in a murder plot against Prince Moritz of Orange , he had to flee Holland from Rotterdam to Hamm in Westphalia. During the Thirty Years' War he was Colonel and General War Commissioner in Tilly's army . During this time he acquired large estates in Bettinghausen . After his return from military service, he built a moated castle as a new mansion on the Ostinghausen manor near Bettinghausen, which had been orphaned until then . The construction started in 1641 was completed in 1655 and was named "Haus Düsse".
As early as 1741, through marriage, Haus Düsse moved into the possession of the von Ledebur-Wicheln family . Friedrich Clemens von Ledebur-Wicheln was born in 1770 at Haus Düsse. In 1889 Friedrich von Landsberg-Velen and Gemen bought the estate. On August 15, 1907, Haus Düsse became a provincial property of the Provincial Association of the Province of Westphalia .
In 1927 the cattle care and milking school was founded. The estate is managed jointly with the provincial estates and hospitals in Eickelborn and Benninghausen . In 1937, Haus Düsse was taken over as an experimental farm.
1927: Foundation of the cattle care and milking school
In the course of the establishment of new milking schools in Prussia during the 1920s, the Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Westphalia decided to set up a cattle care and milking school. At that time there was a noticeable shortage of well-trained milking staff in agricultural practice. In addition, the young farmers should be thoroughly trained in milk production and treatment, feeding, cattle care and husbandry. The aim was to improve milk quality and the profitability of dairy farming.
On October 3, 1927, the board of directors of the Chamber of Agriculture decided to set up a cattle care and milking school on what was then the provincial estate of Haus Düsse in Ostinghausen. The first course with six milkers was held from January 2nd to February 29th, 1928.
After lengthy negotiations, the rural peasantry bought the provincial estate of Haus Düsse on March 1, 1937 for 385,000 Reichsmarks. At that time, the property comprised around 93 hectares of land plus a castle, horse stable, pigsty, cowshed, sow stalls and two barns.
1950: Takeover by the re-established Chamber of Agriculture Westphalia-Lippe
As a result of the Second World War , experimental and teaching activities came more and more to a standstill from 1940. After the end of the war, Haus Düsse served as a warehouse for liberated foreign workers for a few months. The British Army of the Rhine taught from February 1946 to August 1950 to house an agricultural Düsse army college one. After the takeover on August 18, 1950, the Chamber of Agriculture Westphalia-Lippe intensified the testing and training activities in accordance with the great agricultural demand.
1951–1955: Expansion of the school facilities and cattle farming
In August 1951, ownership of all land and facilities in Düsseldorf was transferred to the Westphalia-Lippe Chamber of Agriculture. The years of reconstruction brought with them a high demand for food and changed production techniques. This required intensive training and advice for everyone involved in agriculture. For this purpose, in addition to the courses that have already been resumed, consultant seminars, advanced training seminars for farm managers and, after their introduction, special courses for milking machines have been established.
Extensive construction work created the spatial conditions for the new tasks. The cowshed in the inner courtyard north of the Ahse was replaced by cattle stables suitable for training: two tying stalls, open loose stalls, calf stalls, milking parlor, milk room, roof-heavy hay, straw and feed storage as well as high and mobile silos. Instead of the old cowshed, the seminar building with several training, conference and boarding rooms was built.
1960–1963: Expansion of the boarding school and the pig fattening test institute
After a phase of consolidation, the boarding school was modernized and expanded in the early 1960s. The pig fattening test barn built in 1938/39 was neither technically nor in terms of capacity sufficient for the dynamic activities of pig breeding. Therefore, between 1960 and 1963, a new, generous mast examination institute, separated from the training company, was built.
1968–1980: House Düsse becomes an inter-company training center
Agriculture, like industry, was eventually caught up in the wave of mechanization. Extensive investments in machines required larger production units and specialization in a few branches of the company. In order for the training of the next generation to continue to have a broad professional dimension despite the restrictions on efficient production facilities, inter-company training was introduced within the framework of the Vocational Training Act (BBiG) in 1968. The existing training workshops were modernized or newly built and adapted to the skyrocketing number of participants and visitors by expanding the overnight accommodation and care facilities. As an inter-company training center in animal production for the Westphalia-Lippe chamber area, Haus Düsse received new training workshops as part of model projects and federal funding. Existing stables were modernized. In 1970 a pig breeding, pig fattening and bull fattening house was built. Training workshops for pig breeding (1972), pig fattening (1974) and bull fattening (1980) also followed. The Milchviehoffenstall (20 cows) was converted into a cubicle-free stall (56 cows) in 1976. The school internship was built in 1971 as a special training and demonstration building for the course. A second section was added in 1980. The skyrocketing number of participants overwhelmed the previous care and accommodation facilities. Therefore, in 1976/77 a farm building with a large kitchen, dining room, day and leisure rooms and a guest house was built. As part of the testing and testing system, the pig fattening test institute was expanded to include a section each for the feed value performance test (1968) and for special feeding tests (1980).
1982–1989: Further expansion of the teaching and research institute
The experimental and training facilities that have been created so far, as well as the care and overnight facilities, underscored the central use of Haus Düsse for training and further training as well as for clear advice. In order to be able to provide an even more extensive range, the teaching show for construction and technology was built in 1982. In 1984 it was significantly expanded to include an outdoor area. In 1983 the teaching and research institute for small animal breeding Unna-Königsborn (LVA) was relocated from Unna-Königsborn to today's "Agricultural Center Haus Düsse" in Bad Sassendorf. In this context, cattle and pig husbandry, a laying hen house and a young poultry house were added. In order to ensure timely inter-company training, some of the existing facilities were replaced by the training workshops for calf rearing (1985) and feed storage and processing (1985). The multi-purpose hall, built in 1984, completed the range of exercise and demonstration rooms. In the summer of 1987, the establishment of the training workshop "sow keeping" began, which was completed in 1988. In addition, in cooperation with the Westphalian-Lippe regional associations of beekeepers and pedigree poultry breeding, Haus Düsse received a test and training apiary (1983) and a pedigree poultry house (1987). The buildings were connected by a forest nature trail and a plant educational garden.
1990–1998: Structural changes in Haus Düsse
On January 1, 1990, the institute for performance tests in animal breeding, Eickelborn, was integrated into the teaching and research institute. Extensive new construction and renovation work began immediately afterwards. This should improve the health and hygiene status and adapt the stables to a changed test methodology. As early as 1991, a new quarantine barn was put into operation as an outdoor hut barn for calves. Another former tying barn was also completed in 1991, which was converted into an open-front barn for group housing. In the years that followed, more stables were converted piece by piece. With an outdoor climate open front stall for fattening pigs and the completely renovated box stall, which was also built as an open front stall, new paths were broken.
In 1995, a biopower plant was put into operation as a pilot project to ensure the basic supply of Haus Düsse with electrical and thermal energy. On the basis of renewable raw materials, it provides both forms of energy via a block-type thermal power station or direct combustion. Inspired by the Ministry for the Environment, Spatial Planning and Agriculture, the "Center for Renewable Raw Materials" was designed and established in Haus Düsse from 1995 onwards. Since then it has been working for all of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Hemp Association also has its headquarters within the framework of the center. An exhibition pavilion with a teaching garden was opened in 1997 for advice, demonstration and information. At the same time, renewable raw materials are processed in field trials in order to obtain advice on this topic.
After the closure of the teaching and research institute for small animal breeding Krefeld-Großhüttenhof of the Rhineland Chamber of Agriculture, the testing and testing system in the poultry sector for North Rhine-Westphalia was designed in Haus Düsse, so that in 1998 in a converted barn that was used alternatively for broiler and turkey fattening the first feeding attempt with turkeys could be completed.
Expansion stages since 1983
Further expansion stages of the agricultural center underline the central possibility of using Haus Düsse for training and further education as well as for clear advice. The following measures have been taken in recent years to meet the increased requirements:
- 1983 Relocation of the teaching and research institute for poultry farming from Unna to Haus Düsse and establishment of a laying hen and young poultry house.
- 1990 Incorporation of the performance test in animal breeding for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
- 1991 Construction of the calf quarantine station (LPA Eickelborn)
- 1992 Conversion of the bull barn (LPA Eickelborn)
- 1993 Construction of a new pig stables
- 1994 Construction of the open-front barn for dairy cows
- 1995 Establishment of self-performance test
- 1995 Opening of the bio power plant
- 1996 Conversion of the bull barn (LPA Eickelborn)
- 1997 Establishment of the center for renewable raw materials
- 1999 New bull fattening stable
- 1999 Haus Düsse under a new name: Agricultural Center (LZ) Haus Düsse
- 2000 Conversion of the heifer barn
- 2000 Establishment of organic pig farming
- 2002 Conversion of the milking parlor in the dairy barn
- 2002 Construction of the Soest district office on the grounds of Haus Düsse
- 2002 Construction of a new quarantine barn for LPA cattle
- 2003 Construction of a new pig fattening house with integrated piglet rearing
- 2003 Construction of a biogas plant for the center for renewable raw materials
- 2003 Construction of a new hut for calf rearing
- 2003 Conversion of the old calf and young cattle barn into a cowshed with an automatic milking system
- 2004 Establishment of the Center for Electronics Use in Agriculture (ZEL)
- 2004 Establishment of a vocational school for agriculture at the Lippe Vocational College in Lippstadt
- 2005 Conversion and modernization of the sow husbandry
- 2006 teaching show for renewable energies opened
- 2006 Responsibility for inter-company training in animal production for the whole of North Rhine-Westphalia
- 2007 Conversion of the laying hen facility
- 2008 New construction of a silo system
- 2009 Conversion of the pig fattening test center
- 2010 redesign of the building teaching exhibition
- 2010 Conversion of the QLPS pig
- Renaming to "House Düsse Agricultural Research and Education Center"
In addition, Haus Düsse received a training apiary (1983) and a pedigree poultry house (1987) in cooperation with the Westphalian-Lippe regional associations of beekeepers and pedigree poultry breeders. These facilities are connected to one another by a plant training garden.
Head of House Düsse
- 1927–1934: Fritz Nöthen
- 1934–1967: Bernhard Brüning
- 1968–1986: Bernhard Edeler
- 1986–1987: Karl-Heinrich Hoppenbrock (acting)
- 1987–1998: Gerhard Beckmann
- 1999–2014: Gerhard Haumann
- since 2014: Arne Dahlhoff
Task from Haus Düsse
development
In the apprenticeship, the focus at the beginning was on the professional milker training. This was later joined by the training of farmers' sons and daughters in milking and cattle and hoof care. From 1937 to 1969 the milk control assistant courses were the main focus. While hand milking, along with quality control and cattle care, were initially in the foreground, West Germany experienced a real milking machine invasion in the 1950s. One of three federal technical schools for machine milking was established in Haus Düsse. The technique of machine milking was taught in special courses until 1967. As a result of the restructuring of agriculture and especially of the dairy farms, the need for full-time milkers decreased. The inter-company training of young farmers in animal husbandry moved into the focus of the course activity. Pig farming, which became very important in Westphalia-Lippe, was added to the training focus on cattle husbandry. With the expansion of the operating facilities, the number and variety of courses and advanced training events such as seminars, conferences and visits grew. The participant sheet stretched from the trainees to master craftsmen and operations managers to the teachers and consultants.
In total, more than 60 different types of courses have been carried out to date (a total of 125,000 participants). With more than 40,000 participants, the main focus was on the courses on cattle care and inter-company training. Almost 200,000 interested parties came to the training conferences and seminars. Including the 360,000 visitors, mostly farmers, but also many school classes and consumers, well over half a million people used the Düsseldorf training and further education facility, including 30,000 from Europe and overseas.
In experimentation and testing, the task changed, similar to the training area, in line with changes in agriculture. With the takeover of the experimental estate, the focus was on increasing yields in both arable farming and livestock farming. When supplies were scarce, breeding and production-related resources were developed. With the wave of mechanization after the end of the war, new cultivation and harvesting methods emerged in arable farming and stable and feeding methods in livestock farming. This includes the introduction of the tractor, the combine harvester, the manure technology, the milking machine and the EDP-controlled feeding technology. In addition to the aspects of quantitative production, there were aspects of production quality and, more recently, environmentally friendly food production.
Main task today
It is the task of Haus Düsse to develop practical, cost-effective and animal-friendly production processes for North Rhine-Westphalian agriculture and to impart skills and knowledge in training.
In the publications of the value test results of the Federal Plant Variety Office, House Düsse is often at the top with the grain yield. That is why Haus Düsse is a focus of experiments for the entire Ruhr-Hellweg area, where mainly questions of intensive grain cultivation are investigated.
Another focus of the experiments is the development of cultivation techniques for new crops. These include field beans, peas, sunflowers, flax and, more recently, fallow land and Chinese grass. Tests are also carried out here, which require a very high technical effort, such as soil cultivation, crop rotation and liquid manure tests. In a large plant cultivation teaching garden, non-agricultural visitors will also be able to see the variety of crops and varieties grown on arable land and grassland, as well as the structure of hybrid varieties. A large number of species that can be used for renewable raw materials can also be seen here.
This effectively underscores the important position of Haus Düsse in the field of livestock husbandry, also in the field of plant production for the benefit of the Westphalian-Lippe agriculture.
Course programs
- Basic course in inter-company training, in milk production, cattle, calf, pig and sheep husbandry
- Basic course in inter-company training in gardening and landscaping
- Advanced and advanced training courses for farmers, animal farmers, hoof trimmers, milking and feeding advisors, agricultural specialists from home and abroad
- Training courses for part-time farmers
- Courses for beekeepers, poultry, rabbit and fur breeders
- Courses in the field of nature and landscape management
- Inter-company practical courses for trainees and interns in agriculture, rural housekeeping and gardening and landscaping
- Further training courses for farmers, part-time farmers, rural women, agricultural workers, teachers, further training courses for foreign farmers and specialist advisors
- Information meetings on modern food production of animal and vegetable origin
- Educational conferences for farmers and rural women
- Topics: developments in animal breeding, feeding, keeping, crop production and marketing
- Conferences and training events in the field of renewable raw materials
Experimental and examination tasks
- Feeding experiments for the physiological and technical improvement of livestock nutrition
- Feeding experiments with sows, piglets and fattening pigs
- Feeding experiments with laying hens and broilers
- Housing tests to test technical developments and stable equipment
- Barn climate design
- Functional reliability taking into account the needs of the animals
- Performance tests for ruminants, fattening pigs, laying hens and fattening poultry
- Internal performance test for fattening performance for dual-purpose and beef cattle
- Fattening performance and carcass assessment of herd book pigs
- Offspring testing of boars for fattening and slaughter performance
- Product test for crossbred animals and hybrid origins in fattening pigs, laying hens and fattening poultry
- Feed value performance tests for fattening pigs, laying hens and fattening poultry
- Field cultivation and crop protection tests on grain, rapeseed, maize and renewable raw materials
- State variety tests, value tests and tests on cultivation technology, fertilization and crop rotation
Technical information, consumer education, public relations
- Factory tours
- Information meetings for consumers
- Subjects:
- Production of milk, meat and eggs with special attention to quality and consumer demands
- Information events for teachers and students
- Subjects:
- Applied Biology
- Animal and environmentally friendly plant and animal production, taking into account economic and ecological aspects
- Düsseldorf farmers market
- every year on the 2nd Sunday in September
Operations overview
| Parameter | detail | Data |
|---|---|---|
| Operating area | 278 ha | |
| Land use | Farmland | 225 ha |
| Grassland | 12 ha | |
| Forest | 22 ha | |
| Courtyard / paths / buildings | 19 ha | |
| Climate and evaluation | Altitude | 70 m above sea level NHN |
| Number of fields | 58-78 | |
| Precipitation | ∅ 750 mm p. a. | |
| temperature | ∅ 9.2 ° C | |
| Livestock farming | Dairy cows | 130 |
| Beef bulls | 50 | |
| Suckler cows | 10 | |
| Ewes | 40 | |
| Sow places | 250 | |
| Pig fattening places | 1,500 | |
| Piglet rearing places | 1,200 | |
| Pig double pens (QLPS) | 288 | |
| Pig fattening places (pilot plant) | 1,100 | |
| Sows / fattening pigs according to ecological / alternative guidelines |
30/180 | |
| Laying hen places | 5,000 | |
| Broiler places | 5,000 | |
| or turkey roosters | 1,000 | |
| or turkey hen places | 2,000 | |
| Bee colonies | 4th | |
| staff | Put | 70 |
Premises
The system is rented out for a wide variety of purposes, for example it offers excellent rehearsal opportunities even for larger musical groups. The three overnight houses have single and double rooms. A total of 136 beds are available, 124 of them in rooms with shower / bath.
The premises offer space for conferences and meetings, meetings and assemblies, seminars and training courses as well as professional training, also for those interested outside of agriculture. 16 conference rooms are available for training courses from 10 to 160 people. A wide range of media equipment is available to support teaching and learning. There are also special rooms for working with computers.
Haus Düsse has child-friendly equipment and takes care of children. There is a cafeteria in the immediate vicinity of the training and seminar rooms. In the evening, the rustically furnished Westphalian cellar offers a meeting point for the guests.
In addition to the walking paths, facilities for bowling, table tennis and billiards are available as sports facilities.
Center for Renewable Raw Materials NRW
The Center for Renewable Raw Materials (ZNR) in North Rhine-Westphalia has been located on the grounds of the Haus Düsse agricultural center since 1996. This refers to agricultural and forestry products that can be used for material or energy purposes. The aim of the center is to work at the interface between agriculture and upstream and downstream areas. An information pavilion with a teaching garden, a wood heating system and a biogas plant offer practical viewing opportunities. The target group of the conference consists not only of farmers, but also includes the areas of training, technology, wood heating and biogas, processing, trade, science and application.
The centre's motto is: "If you want forest, you need wood".
Focus of work
- Energy from biomass (wood, oils, biogas, other)
- Biodegradable materials based on starch and sugar
- Project support, e.g. B. Hemp project, bioenergy project
- Cultivation trials for various renewable raw materials
- Permanent exhibition in the information pavilion in timber construction
- Educational garden with plants that supply raw materials
- Try biogas
FFH area Haus Düsse
The attic of the old manor house of Haus Düsse was designated as a FFH area Haus Düsse with a size of 0.07 ha . In the attic of the old mansion there is a nursery room for the bat species Great Mouse- eared Bat ( Myotis myotis ).
literature
- Hartmut Platte: Former manors along the Ahse: House Düsse . In: Lippstädter Heimatblätter 75 (1995), pp. 71-72
- Information brochure at the Haus Düsse Agricultural Center with the Center for Adolescent Raw Materials in North Rhine-Westphalia, published by the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture.
- Information brochure Learning and Conferences in the Agricultural Center Haus Düsse with the Center for Adolescent Raw Materials NRW , published by the Chamber of Agriculture in North Rhine-Westphalia.
- Local calendar of Soest district 2009: House Düsse and its owners - From mansion to experimental farm and agricultural center , published by the Soest district, ISBN 978-3-928295-44-4
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ DE4315305 House Düsse. (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved March 14, 2017.
Coordinates: 51 ° 38 ′ 3.2 ″ N , 8 ° 11 ′ 25.2 ″ E