Roland House

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House Roland , also lock Roland , is now a mansion of historicism in Dusseldorf - Rath , which in 1893 by the architect Edwin Oppler was built. The 1883 demolished predecessor was a 1696 to 1706 built Renaissance - or Baroque - castle , which was undergone several reconstructions, especially in the 19th century. The castle, located on a gentle hill at the Königsforst "Aap" , was surrounded by baroque gardens, which Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe transformed and expanded into an English landscape garden after 1804 . The plant is since February 1, 1988, listed building . The Düsseldorf-Grafenberg racecourse has been nearby since 1909 , where the Schloss Roland race , which is endowed with the Schloss Roland Prize , is held every year.

history

The building history of the complex goes back to a "Burg Roland" (1372: "Radeland"; also "Ruhland") of a knight dynasty of the same name who lived in the castle until the end of the 14th century. When this dynasty in the male line became extinct, the vacant knight's seat fell in 1388 to the von der Selendunk family, who never used the property as a residence and gradually let it deteriorate. In 1402 it came to the Lords of Ulenbroich.

In the middle of the 17th century the property came into the possession of the Jülich-Bergische Hofrat Anton Lemmen, whose son, the Jülich-Bergische Hofkammerdirektor Wilhelm Daniel Lemmen, and his wife Petronella Jacobi came up with the plan to have a stately home a little below the castle erect. The basis of the project is supposed to have been the promise of the sovereign Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz that builders of such measures of the regional development would get a seat in the state parliament. Allegedly according to plans by Italian builders and artists, the castle was completed and decorated as a four-wing complex with two inner courtyards lying one behind the other at the beginning of the 18th century. A “Venetian architect” is named in the sources as the designer of the new palace, in whom some authors recognized Matteo Alberti . The main facade of the Corps de Logis was oriented axially towards a cascading baroque terrace garden of princely dimensions.

Herman van der Mijn and Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini were among the artists who are said to have been involved in decorating the palace . The painter Johann B. Fischer († 1726) from Neuss is said to have painted a ceiling in the reception room, the marble hall, as well as in the rooms on the right and left. Two busts received the visitors on pedestals in the Marble Hall, on the left an antique one, the head of a bacchante , on the right the head of Caspar de la Torre, a provost of the Church of Our Lady in Bruges, made in Carrara marble by the sculptor François Duquesnoy . A corridor led to the dining room, which was decorated with wall paintings.

After Lemmens death, who left no children behind, Schloss Roland became the property of the von Ropertz family. Franz Joseph Freiherr von Ropertz, Provost zu Wissel , helped the castle, which he made his residence, become a household name through a princely lifestyle and the inclusion of art treasures. He was the organizer of pleasure jades, flower festivals and forest theater performances. At the end of 1804 Baron von Ropertz, plunged into debt, felt compelled to sell the property to Maximilian Friedrich von Vittinghoff , known as Schell von Schellenberg, who had the French gardens of the palace converted into English gardens based on plans by Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe, court gardener in Düsseldorf . The initial aim of the renovation was to give Vittinghoff, as the Chamberlain of the Grand Duchess Caroline, an appropriate country estate near the grand ducal capital of Düsseldorf. On November 3, 1811, Marie-Louise of Austria , the wife of Napoleon I , honored the castle and its owner with a day visit.

After the French era , Vittinghoff's interest in Roland Castle waned. He had the lead removed from the roofs of the castle, the fountains and busts removed and the orangery relocated to Schellenberg Castle. In 1826 he sold the run-down property. After it had been in the hands of a number of interim owners, the Aachen justice of the peace Peter Stommel († 1849) acquired the facility in 1833 in a neglected condition and expanded it into his retirement home. With a document dated June 15, 1844, Friedrich Wilhelm IV granted the property the status of a manor .

Portrait of a gentleman in a landscape , probably Anton Fahne in front of the landscape of Roland Castle, painting by Josef Winkelirer , 1836

After Stommel's daughter Julie (1813–1888) married the lawyer and historian Anton Fahne in 1835 , he lived temporarily at the castle until 1841, from 1842 to 1858 in the summer. During this time, the palace and park advanced to become a meeting point for artists for the Düsseldorf School of Painting . A guest from October 1846 was the poet August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , who had been relieved of his professorship and expatriated by the Prussian government and who has been wandering involuntarily since then. He described the castle, which its owners avoided in winter because of the cold, as a building "entirely in the style of the old French nobility" with large rooms "which are not well suited for living in the winter season". He described the park as “simple and of moderate size, but sufficient for resting and walking, with a large lawn in the middle, trees and bushes on the sides. In the neighborhood on the hill there are trees, tree lanes, fields and meadows. ” Fahne would later write the foreword antipasto to Hoffmann's volume of poems Diavolini, which was being created at the time (second edition was published in 1848) . Hoffmann's manuscript for the unpublished collection of poems The English on the Rhine , a parody of the contemporary topos of "the traveling Englishman " and his preference for the romanticism of the Rhine , was created in a large, oven-equipped room in the Roland house, in which Hoffmann was quartered . As a thank you, Hoffmann dedicated the poem Haus Roland, Anton Fahne’s residence, to his host .

In 1845 and 1853, Fahne published writings about the castle and its important private collection, comprising around 250 paintings, which included valuable works by old and new masters. In 1858, Fahne and his wife and daughter Emma (1836–1905) moved to the Fahnenburg , a ten-minute walk downhill , the former forester's lodge of the castle, which he had expanded to accommodate the collection of paintings. Fahne left the castle to his brother-in-law, and later it was leased.

Roland Castle as it was built in the 1870s

One of the tenants, Baron Friedrich Heinrich von Diergardt (1820–1887), son of the industrialist Friedrich von Diergardt , bought the castle in 1872. Because the old building did not appeal to him, Diergardt had a new building planned by the Hanoverian architect Edwin Oppler in 1879. As his employee, the architect Ferdinand Schorbach was also involved in the planning that was created until 1881. In 1883 the old castle was demolished and the garden redesigned. The significantly smaller new building was built in the forms of the French, German and Italian Renaissance ( Neo-Renaissance ). A chestnut avenue leading in a large arc to the manor house should have been planted when the new building was being built. The house is still owned by the von Diergardt family today.

literature

  • History of the knight seat Roland . Annex XIII in: Anton Fahne : History of the noble family von Stommel, in their lines on the Rhine, in Hesse and in the Wetterau . Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei Hermann Voss, Düsseldorf 1845, p. 19 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Anton Fahne: Roland Castle, its picture gallery and art treasures . JM Heberle (H. Lempertz), Cologne and Bonn 1853, p. 11 ff. ( Digitized version ).
  • Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the city and the district of Düsseldorf . L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1894, p. 107.
  • The gardens at the manor houses: House Roland . In: Wieland Koenig (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust . City Museum of the State Capital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 1987, p. 145 f.
  • Gisela Vollmer : House Roland and its owners. Contribution to the history of a manorial property in today's Düsseldorf city area . In: Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch , 61 (1988), pp. 1-49.

Web links

Commons : Haus Roland  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Düsseldorf , No. 50 of August 31, 1844, p. 337 ( Google Books )
  2. ↑ August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben : My life. Records and memories . Volume 4, Carl Rümpler, Hannover 1868, p. 295 ( Google Books )
  3. ↑ Antipasto . In: August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben: Diavolini . Leske, Darmstadt 1848, S. V ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ Erika Poettgens: Hoffmann von Fallersleben and the land of Dutch tongue. Correspondence, network of relationships, imagery . Waxmann, Münster 2014, ISBN 978-3-8309-3095-2 , Volume 1, p. 238 ( Google Books )
  5. ↑ Annabell Fugmann: A jewel at the end of Kastanienallee . Article from March 25, 2017 in the portal nrz .de , accessed on November 5, 2019

Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 25 "  N , 6 ° 50 ′ 56.6"  E