House Schulz (Heilbronn)

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Art Nouveau building for Paul Schulz, 1912, design by Ludwig Knortz

The house Schulz was an art nouveau building in the Kaiserstraße in Heilbronn , in 1912, designed by the architect Ludwig Knortz was built for the Stuttgart banker Paul Schulz and the largest cinema of Heilbronn hosted.

Predecessor buildings at this important place opposite the Heilbronn market square were the patrician houses of the mayor and merchant Imlin and the Heilbronn mayor and merchant Spölin with a fountain, which was adorned with a figure of Neptune by the sculptor Jakob Müller on the fountain column.

A new half-timbered building was erected there in 1746, in which Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel lived around 1800 , who is considered the Ur-Käthchen . The Zobel coat of arms stone, which was exhibited in the city's historical museum, has been preserved from this period. The Zobel building was rebuilt in 1891 and then demolished in favor of the new Art Nouveau building from 1912.

The Art Nouveau building was destroyed in World War II. Subsequently, a commercial building with a metal facade was built in the style of the time. This house was rebuilt in 1986 as part of the urban development and was given a sandstone facade with a bay window based on a design by Fritz Schneider .

description

Heilbronn, Kaiserstraße 30 (revised according to archaeological city cadastre map 4, no. 406 + 368)

Location and surroundings

The building that stood across from the market square on Kaiserstraße in Heilbronn was a neighboring building to the Safe Pharmacy . Between the pharmacy and house no. 30 was the "Kleine Nägelinsgasse" (later "Schattengasse"), which led to Kirchbrunnenstrasse. The alley was built over in the post-war period. The house at Kaiserstraße 30 was once at Kramstraße 48 and from 1847 to 1899 the house number 352.

architecture

Original design, not executed.

The house, built in 1912, was given a facade that was “entirely determined by Art Nouveau”. The ground floor was "sober [...], kept factual and cold [...]". Above it rose the facade, characterized by the "form elements of Art Nouveau", the geometric details of which adorned the area around the windows and the facade was "incredibly lively". A strong console frieze separated the last upper floor from the two floors below. A " veranda ( loggia ) [...] with an open column position" rose above the cornice , with each column standing on a pilaster-like column chair ( base ). In 1938/39 the house was demolished and the facade was redesigned. This renovation was subsidized by the city.

use

The colonial goods company J. Koch, founded in 1817, was housed in the house until 1919. Kaiser's coffee shop has been using the premises since 1920 .

From 1914, the building housed the Central Theater in the rear building ("Biggest and most beautiful cinema in Heilbronn" [sic!]), Which in 1922 was one of three Heilbronn movie theaters. In 1931 it was made by a marine engineer. D. Willi Pitz leased. On 6 August 1931 opened after remodeling, the new film stage , it was sound film - comedy love on command shown.

One of the residents of the house was the Jewish doctor Oskar Moos (born November 11, 1869 - December 5, 1966), married to Else, b. Gutmann (born January 26, 1876, † 1972). Moos ran his private practice in the house. He was also the deputy chief physician in the Neckar-Hotel convalescent home and deputy chief physician of the internal department in the Heilbronn city hospital. In 1937 the Israelite community list from April 1, 1937 still led the family at Kaiserstraße 30. But by 1933 he had to give up the private practice. On February 2, 1939 the Moos emigrated to Holland, on February 26, 1943 they were deported to the Westerbork concentration camp and then to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , where they were liberated in May 1945. The sons Hans Otto Hermann Moos (born April 1, 1897 in Heilbronn; † February 28, 1945 in Auschwitz ), Kurt Moos (born March 29, 1900 in Heilbronn; † December 31, 1942 in Auschwitz) and Walter Moos died. Kurt's daughter Evelyn alone survived in Besançon in a hospital with nuns.

Around 1940, sales rooms of the companies "Kaisers Kaffeegeschäft" and "Modewaren Otto Bischoff" are documented.

history

Carl Dörr , Heilbronn market in 1820, detail with house at Kaiserstraße 30.
Kaiserstraße 30 (fashion house Haux) with light metal facade 1985
The building at Kaiserstraße 30 in 2007

There is evidence of patrician houses from 1621 to 1911 at this point. This is how the patrician house of the mayor and merchant Ludwig Imlin is called in 1621 at today's Kaiserstraße 30. In 1621, Mayor Ludwig Imlin had a private well built in his house, which was fed by the sewage from the Neptune well - made around 1600 with a well by Jakob Müller and demolished in 1841. Imlin's private well had a drain into a trough and into the gall well. The coat of arms of the Imlin family shows a sloping beam with three ims , which give an indication of the beekeeping trade. Imlinstrasse in Heilbronn is named after the Imlin family . In 1635/49 the building on the market square is considered to be the patrician house of the Heilbronn mayor and merchant Spölin. In 1746 a four-storey half-timbered house was built on this site. It stood on the eaves side facing Kramstrasse (today: Kaiserstrasse) and had strong protrusions. Around 1805 the house was owned by the merchant Friedrich August Zobel. The Zobel coat of arms, which was exhibited in the city's historical museum, came from the half-timbered building . The merchant's daughter was Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel (born September 29, 1774 in Heilbronn; † January 15, 1806 ibid), who was Eberhard Gmelin's patient in 1788 and is considered the original Käthchen , that is, as a model for Kleist's Käthchen von Heilbronn .

In the late 19th century, the former Kramstrasse was redesigned into the representative Kaiserstrasse . At the western end of the street, the old hospital was demolished and a new Neckar bridge built, at the eastern end several old buildings fell victim to the breakthrough of the street leading to the avenue . In the course of this modernization, many of the other buildings along the street were also rebuilt or renewed. The Zobelsche Haus underwent major changes in 1891 with new windows, friezes and consoles :

"New are the large, clear windows, the arched friezes under the overhanging upper floors and the heavy stone consoles under the beams, the shop on the ground floor"

The demolition for the new building finally took place in 1911/12.

The Art Nouveau building for Paul Schulz was destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn in 1944. In the post-war period, a building (Haux fashion house) with a light metal curtain wall was built, similar to the Zimmermann clothing store (today Café Spatz) on the Hafenmarktturm.

In 1986 the facade was redesigned in sandstone, with bay windows and segmental arches, as part of the urban development. Bernhard Lattner describes the building , which was converted according to plans by Fritz Schneider , as follows:

“... a three-storey commercial building attached to the eaves, which resumes the building of the historic market square in terms of cubature and eaves height. Schneider also emphasized the ground floor with arcade arches and gave the façade a grave accent with a slight central projection. "

From 2002 to 2004, the Robben fashion house was located there, and today there is a branch of the Kreissparkasse Heilbronn .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schmolz, Helmut / Weckbach, Hubert: Heilbronn - The old city in words and pictures. Volume 1, (Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, Volume 14), Heilbronn 1966, No. 61, p. 49: Concert by the regimental band of the 122nd Fusilier Regiment on the market square on the occasion of King's birthday, 1912.
  2. ^ A b c Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 160 [ 406 Patrizierhaus Imlin, sold, Kaiserstraße 30 (UKP No. 352)]
  3. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 155 [ 358 Neptune fountain, departed, ...]
  4. ↑ Catalog Hist. Museum 1917 No. 250k
  5. ^ City of Heilbronn, city planning office (ed.): Heilbronn: Modern urban design - development of the city 1945-1990. Druck Mokler, Heilbronn 1991 (Exhibition of the City Planning Office Heilbronn - on the occasion of the 1250 years Heilbronn), No. 206 Kaiserstraße p. 54 The maintenance of the townscape comes to the fore.
  6. ^ Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim Hennze: Stille Zeitzeugen. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture . Edition Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 , p. 83.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. Vol. 2. Photos from 1858–1944 , Weißenhorn 1967 (publications of the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 15). No. 10 [Kaiserstraße with Safe Pharmacy, around 1940], p. 14.
  8. ↑ a b c data from the Heilbronn City Archive, signature A034-2868, http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?ID=80272 in the HEUSS database: Kaiserstraße 30 (formerly Kramstraße 48) old no. 352 ( 1847-1899).
  9. ↑ a b "Paul Schulz, banker Stuttgart and Ludwig Knortz, architect Heilbronn, new residential and commercial building 1911–1912 extremely complex process a. a. Due to numerous changes by the architect, earlier reinforced concrete construction, installation of a cinema, controversial height and facade design (including with terracotta tiles), with external experts, on the part of the municipal council, Peter Bruckmann was called in; Kaiser's coffee shop, building down and redesigning the facade with advice and a subsidy from the city in 1938/39 in it: nice letterhead with company image of the Heilbronn construction company in 1912 (as in class 30) “Quotation from Heilbronn city archives, signature A034-2867, http: // heuss. stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?ID=80268 in the HEUSS database
  10. ↑ http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?f=/_bin/img.php&imgf=/bilder/97317.jpg&  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically defective marked. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de  
  11. ↑ a b c Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Weißenhorn 1966 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 14). No. 10 [Kilian's Church after the renovation from the market square, 1892], p. 19.
  12. ↑ Heilbronn cinemas
  13. ^ Schmolz, Helmut / Weckbach, Hubert: Heilbronn - The old city in words and pictures 1st volume, (Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, Volume 14), Heilbronn 1966, No. 61, p. 49: Concert by the regimental band of the 122nd Fusilier Regiment on the market square on the occasion of the King's birthday, 1912
  14. ↑ Friedrich Dürr: Chronik der Stadt Heilbronn - Volume 3 , 1986, page 36: "In the months of January to May 1922, the three Heilbronn cinemas, Kammerlichtspiele ... Centraltheater (Kaiserstraße 30) ... a monthly average of 28,000 visitors."
  15. ^ Friedrich Dürr: Chronicle of the City of Heilbronn - Volume 3 , 1986, pp. 36, 543, 546, 549.
  16. ↑ Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) , Heilbronn 1963 (publications of the Heilbronn Archives, issue 11), p. 237f, there p. 238 [ Lebensweg eines Arztes. Communicated by Dr. Oskar Moos, Heemstede b. Aarlem, Holland : we [settled] in the house built by the architect Knorz at Kaiserstraße 30 [...] We had to leave the apartment we had been in for 25 years [...]]
  17. ↑ Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050-1945) , Heilbronn 1963 (publications of the Heilbronn Archives, issue 11), p. 287f, there p. 290 [ Israelite community list of April 1, 1937 ]
  18. ↑ Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) , Heilbronn 1963 (publications of the Heilbronn Archives, issue 11), p. 237 f., There p. 238 [ Lebensweg eines Arztes. Communicated by Dr. Oskar Moos, Heemstede b. Aarlem, Holland : […] We had to leave the apartment we had been in for 25 years […]]
  19. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 156 [ 368 private well, sold, Kaiserstraße 30]
  20. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 156 [ 369 Gallbrunnen, sold, at Kaiserstraße 30]
  21. ↑ Catalog Hist. Museum 1917 No. 250k
  22. ↑ Data from Heilbronn City Archives, signature L006-Hz Sta KR-56, http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?ID=110128 in the HEUSS database
  23. ↑ Cf. on her Reinhard Breymayer: Between Princess Antonia von Württemberg and Kleist's Käthchen von Heilbronn […] (2010), pp. 8. 15 - 17. 47. 55. 59 f. 62, 67, 69, 76, 84, 226 f.
  24. ↑ See e.g. B. Christhard Schrenk : Old news about Käthchen. Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel versus Lisette Kornsacher. In: Swabia & Franconia. Local history supplement [to the newspaper] Heilbronner Voice , vol. 38, no. October 10, 1992, pp. 1–4.
  25. ↑ cf. Christhard Schrenk: Lisette Kornacher (1773–1858) and Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel (1774–1806): Heilbronner Urkäthchen? . In: Heilbronner Köpf V (2009), pp. 89-100.
  26. ^ City of Heilbronn, city planning office (ed.): Heilbronn: Modern urban design - development of the city 1945-1990. Druck Mokler, Heilbronn 1991 (Exhibition of the City Planning Office Heilbronn - on the occasion of the 1250 years Heilbronn), No. 206 Kaiserstraße , p. 54 The maintenance of the townscape comes to the fore.
  27. ^ Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim Hennze: Stille Zeitzeugen. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture . Edition Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 , p. 83.

literature

  • Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , SS 155, 156, 160.
  • City of Heilbronn, city planning office (ed.): Heilbronn: Modern urban design - development of the city 1945–1990. Druck Mokler, Heilbronn 1991 (exhibition by the Heilbronn City Planning Office - on the occasion of the 1250 years of Heilbronn), No. 206, p. 54.
  • Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim Hennze: Silent contemporary witnesses. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture . Edition Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 , p. 83.
  • Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945) , Heilbronn 1963 (publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, issue 11), p. 237f.

Web links

Commons : Kaiserstraße 30 (Heilbronn)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 '30.7 "  N , 9 ° 13' 6.3"  E