Heinrich Bollandt

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Heinrich Bollandt (* 1578 in Thuringia ; † August 19, 1653 Bayreuth ) was a Bayreuth court painter to the first reigning Margrave Christian of Bayreuth . The focus of his work is on portraiture . Bolland is called one of "the most important artists of the Brandenburg- Bayreuth Renaissance ".

Life

Heinrich Bollandt probably spent his youth in Thuringia and probably did an apprenticeship with the court painter Johann Spenlin ( Weimar , Dresden ). After his death in 1609, Bollandt married his widow and is said to have helped with the completion of a large number of pictures together with the painter Johann Jeremias Erhard. The Bollandt family (1615?) Moved with Erhard to the Franconian royal seat of Bayreuth, where Erhard married a daughter of Bollandt in 1616. This is where the most important time of Heinrich Bolland, now over 35 years old, began as a conterfeiter (portrait painter) for the art-loving Margrave Christian of Bayreuth. After a salary budget of 1623, he received a total of 230 guilders annual salary , including natural goods. Most of the works he has survived to date come from Bayreuth, the earliest from 1615. From 1619 onwards, several payments for such works are on record. Numerous paintings that have become known from primary sources or literature, some of them by title, are lost or destroyed today. In 1625 Bollandt's wife died in Bayreuth, where she was buried.

The Thirty Years 'War raged from 1618 , before the destruction of which Bollandt fled to Lübeck "by 1635 at the latest" , where he received a work permit from the painters' guild on March 13, 1635 as a "free master" with the condition that he only paint portraits. He stayed in Lübeck for about 10 years, together with his Bayreuth apprentice, the later respected painter Michael Conrad Hirt , who married another daughter of Bollandt in Lübeck in 1638. Bollandt spent the last years of his life back in Bayreuth, where he died and was buried in August 1653.

Works

Heinrich Bollandt's Bayreuth paintings:

  • 35 Brandenburg ancestral portraits, around 1620–1636
  • Self-portrait (1633), the painter's only self-portrait
  • Crucifix , around 1628 (the largest of the surviving pictures measuring 120 × 83 cm), dedicated to the secret secretary Caspar Dorbencker
  • The Küffner epitaph from 1615. In the base ( predella ) it contains the (so Kiel) "oldest realistically painted cityscape" of Bayreuth
  • Further pictures are in Bad Homburg, Berlin and Kulmbach (status 1994)

literature

  • Rainer-Maria Kiel: The Bayreuth court painter Heinrich Bollandt 1578–1653 . In: Archive for Upper Franconia, Vol. 96, 2016. (Historical Association for Upper Franconia) ISSN 0066-6335, pp. 131–164
  • Werner Schade: Bolland as a replica of Cranach . In: Cranach and the art of the Renaissance under the Hohenzollern . Church, courtyard and city culture (exhibition catalog with pictures including Heinrich Bollands). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 2009, pp. 81–85 (both titles cited several times in Kiel)

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Bollandt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ All facts about the life of the painter and his family are taken from the article by Rainer-Maria Kiel (2016).
  2. ^ This is the assessment of the Vienna auction house Dorotheum at the auction of an oil painting by Heinrich Bolland on October 21, 2014. S. Kiel p. 139.
  3. ↑ Kiel: Bollandt 2016, p. 134, fn. 21.
  4. ↑ Kiel: Bollandt 2016, p. 132.
  5. ↑ Kiel: Bollandt 2016, p. 135.
  6. ↑ Kiel: Bollandt 2016, p. 135.
  7. ↑ Described in detail in Kiel: Bollandt 2016.
  8. ↑ Genealogical overview s. Kiel: Bollandt 2016, pp. 158 and 159.
  9. ↑ Kiel 2016, p. 131, fn. 2.
personal data
SURNAME Bollandt, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES no
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bayreuth court painter to the first reigning Margrave of Bayreuth Christian
DATE OF BIRTH 1578
PLACE OF BIRTH Thuringia
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1653
Place of death Bayreuth