Hieronymus Lorm

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Hieronymus Lorm (1878)
Hieronymus Lorm

Hieronymus Lorm (actually Heinrich Landesmann ; born August 9, 1821 in Nikolsburg , Moravia ; † December 3, 1902 in Brno ) was an Austrian poet, journalist and literary critic, at the same time the inventor of the Lorm alphabet , a tactile alphabet for the deaf-blind .

To the pseudonym

Heinrich Landesmann's pseudonym Hieronymus Lorm , which he used from 1847 and then until the end of his life, is usually explained as follows: Heinrich chose the first name "Hieronymus" as a homage to the great hermit saint and ascetic Hieronymus , who probably meant him remembered my own life fate. The surname "Lorm" was borrowed from the name of the novel De l'Orme (1837, German 1839) by George Payne Rainsford James , with whose eponymous protagonist Landesmann felt a special relationship.

Life

Hieronymus Lorm was born on August 9, 1821 in Nikolsburg (Moravia) as the son of the Jewish merchant Christian Landesmann and his wife Theresia (née Abeles). However, the parents moved to Vienna soon after Heinrich was born. As a child Heinrich was already very suffering and physically fragile, and at times his condition worsened to such an extent that the doctors even forbade him from attending grammar school. After a long illness with severe paralysis, he became deaf at the age of 15 and lost a good part of his eyesight; he had to give up his music studies. He continued his self-taught education with great energy, with a determination that his parents and doctors could hardly contain. "My youth was like a play full of noisy movement, with frequent changes of scenery and a large number of people performing - until suddenly the curtain fell and an infinite, rarely occurring loneliness formed the stage for the rest of my life," he wrote from the old age Review.

At the age of 16 he sent his first poems to newspapers, and some appeared in the Austrian audience in 1840 and 1841 . His first more extensive work, Abdul. He published a poetic story as well as other poems in 1844 under his name Heinrich Landesmann in the journal Die Grenzboten , but from 1847 at the latest he wrote almost exclusively under the pseudonym Hieronymus Lorm . After that he rarely used his real name, but in Austria, and especially in Vienna, everyone knew who Hieronymus Lorm was; and only once, in 1851, did he even use his name as “H. Landesmann-Lorm ”print!

His career as a poet and writer slowly took shape after the mid-1840s, especially after the publication of his book Vienna's poetic swing and springs (1847), in which he very openly and with little respect for big names the well-known and less well-known writers Austria portrayed his time. However, because in the foreword to this book he not only attacked "the aged prince" Metternich , but also denounced the general dullness, the oppression caused by the censorship and the difficult fate of all writers in this "absolute state" of Austria, his friends advised him to excuse himself Country. In order to protect his family from stalking, he kept his pseudonym, which he had wisely used on the title page of his first book.

For political reasons, so to speak, he went to Berlin in the months of 1847 , where his brother Sigmund was already living, only to return to Vienna a year later in April 1848 - fleeing from the turmoil following the Berlin March Revolution . During his time in Berlin he had written his second book, the Graefenberger Aquarelle . He also provided long literary-historical studies for the weekly Europa , which Gustav Kühne published in Berlin. In 1848 the famous Persia traveler and writer Friedrich von Bodenstedt , only two years older than Heinrich, met him and his parents' house in Vienna. Both were friends with the poet Betty Paoli and the writer Moritz Hartmann .

In 1853 Lorm moved to Baden near Vienna . In this and the following years he worked as an employee and columnist for the Wiener Zeitung , where he first published many of his novellas and stories. His greatest success up to then both with critics and audiences he achieved in 1855 with his Ein Zögling of the year 1848, which was first printed as a serial novel in the press and then immediately appeared in a three-volume book edition, which was soon out of print.

He married Henriette Frankl (1830–1906) from Vienna in 1856 and continued his productive writing activity, increasingly publishing reviews and criticisms of newly published literature. With increasing passion, he now also sent chess problems to several German-language illustrated magazines and even made a name for himself among the chess aficionados. But Lorms journalistic activity that he developed in the 1850s and 1860s in Vienna, was always at the forefront and made him in the eyes of many contemporaries to the columnists Austria in these decades. But in the spring of 1873 he moved from Austria to Dresden, where he was to live for the next almost 20 years. In 1881 he lost his sight after having had poor eyesight for many years.

In order to be able to continue to communicate with his fellow human beings, he put together his Lorm alphabet . As far as possible, Landesmann kept this "tactile alphabet" secret from the public. The often found statement that his daughter only made known something about the "Lorm alphabet" after her father's death is incorrect, because Eugen Isolani not only mentioned it in 1901 in his celebratory article for Lorm's 80th birthday , but also roughly explained. In addition, acquaintances with whom Lorm had dealings also learned his "finger language" or the tactile alphabet. The also deaf-blind H. v. Chlumecky then campaigned for its dissemination. Today it is an important communication system for deaf-blind people in the German-speaking area.

He moved from Dresden to Brno in March 1892 . He spent his old age there with his children, where he died at the age of 81 on December 3, 1902 of complications from a stroke.

family

The marriage of Heinrich and Henriette Landesmann (née Frankl) had three children: Marie Landesmann (1857–1935), Adolf Landesmann (1867–1926) and Robert Ernst Landesmann (1861–1935). The latter, Robert Ernst, was a doctor by profession and married to the Jewish writer Alice Stein-Landesmann (1882–1963).

Lorm's younger sister Nina Anna (1824–1900) had been married to Berthold Auerbach , the then very well-known writer and author of Black Forest village stories , since July 1849 . Auerbach had met her in her parents' house, where he had frequented since he had come to Vienna in the early summer of 1848; Auerbach's first wife Auguste had only died in April 1848. The "difference in literary idiosyncrasy", but also "in the philosophical and aesthetic creed" between Auerbach and his brother-in-law Lorm was too great "for this relationship to lead to a friendly community".

Honors

factories

All works were named “H. Lorm ”or“ Hieronymus Lorm ”unless otherwise stated.

poetry

In other publications

  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "Charade". In: Blätter für Geistige Thaktion No. 43, supplement to Der Österreichische Viewer , No. 127 of October 22, 1841, p. 1270
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "Homonyms". In: Blätter für Geistige Thaktion No. 45, supplement to The Austrian Viewer , No. 133 of November 5, 1841, p. 1329
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “What use is the poet?” / “Life tendency” / “To a friend” / “Silence”. In: Oesterreichisches Odeon. Yearbook for Poetry (Vienna 1842), pp. 125–128
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "The magic sword". In: Iris. Paperback for 1843 (Pesth 1843), pp. 104-10
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "Female fist". In: Album from Austria above the Enns. With artistic supplements (…), Linz: Vincenz Fink 1843, p. 189 f.
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "Result". In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art , 3rd year (1844), 2nd semester, 2nd volume, p. 321 f.
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] "Ghasel". In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art , 3rd year (1844), 2nd semester, 2nd volume, p. 415. Still published in: Huldigung den Frauen. Paperback for the year 1844 (Ed. Castelli) (Vienna 1844), p. 105 f.
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “Life prose. An album joke ”. In: Homage to Women. Paperback for the year 1844 (Ed. Castelli) (Vienna 1844), p. 107
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “Abdul. A poetic story ”. In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art , 3rd year (1844), 2nd semester, 2nd volume, pp. 578-593 (later published as a book; see below)
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “In the forest. So nice". In: Deutsches Museum (Ed. R. Prutz), 2nd year 1852 (Leipzig), p. 325
  • "Artists earth walls". In: Deutsche Dichterhalle , No. 19 (1876), pp. 315-318; No. 22, pp. 367-369
  • "My song" / "The forest man". In: Die Gartenlaube , Heft 2 (1878), p. 39
  • “When everything is deceptive. Ghazel ". In: On the beautiful blue Danube , issue 2 from January 15, 1888, p. 31
  • "The Sultan". In: On the beautiful blue Danube , issue 7 from April 1, 1888, p. 155
  • (posthumously :) “Pious Books”. In: The Tenth Muse. Seals from Brettl and for Brettl (edited by M. Bern), Berlin 1904, p. 213

Own publications

  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] Abdul , Berlin: Alexander Duncker 1852 ( Google )
  • Poems , Hamburg and Leipzig: JF Richter 1870 ( BSB digital ) ( Google )
  • New poems , Dresden: E. Pierson 1877 ( Google )
  • Poems. Entire edition , Dresden: E. Pierson 1880 ( archive )
  • Poems. Sixth, greatly increased edition , Dresden and Leipzig: Heinrich Minden 1892 ( Google )
  • Late summer. New poems , Dresden and Leipzig: Heinrich Minden 1897

Novels and prose writings

In the "Wiener Zeitung"

  • "Philosophy of a kiss. A feature novella ”. From March 15, 1853, reprinted in several sequels in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung
  • “At the green table. A feature novella ”. From May 27, 1853 printed in several continuations in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung . Reprinted in the Morgenblatt of the Neuen Salzburger Zeitung from March 16, 1855
  • “A childish man's childish story. Told at Christmas ”. From December 24, 1853 printed in several sequels in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung
  • “Outside the world. A story ".From August 11 in numerous sequels in the evening paper of up to 26 September 1854 Wiener Zeitung printed
  • "From the Elbe Florentine Life". In 3 parts from 2 August 1855 in numerous sequels in the evening paper the Wiener Zeitung published
  • “The nature man. A story". From August 5, 1856, printed in a total of three sections in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung
  • "Fragments of an Oriental Novella". From October 17, 1856 printed in three sequels in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung ( ANNO )
  • "Get over! Novellete [!] ”. From May 3 to May 27, 1859, reprinted in several continuations in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung
  • “The uncle from America. A story". From September 18 to October 20, 1860, reprinted in several sequels in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung . - Later included in Novellas (1864), Volume I.
  • "A moral virgin". From September 5 to 23, 1861, printed in a total of 6 parts (in several continuations) in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung . In the same month also appeared in the Timisoara newspaper . - Later included in Novellas (1864), Volume I.
  • “The husband's novel. A city idyll ”. From January 2 to 29, 1862, printed in many sequels in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung . - Later included in Novellas (1864), Volume I.
  • "A drama from 1809. Narrative". Printed from August 25 to September 16, 1863 in the evening paper of the Wiener Zeitung

In other newspapers or publications

  • "Graefenberger Aquarelle". In: Europe. Chronicle of the Educated World , No. 11, March 13, 1847, pp. 161–168; No. 12, March 20, 1847, pp. 177-180
  • “A marriage of the future. Novel in three books ”. From October 25, 1849, printed in continuation in the Viennese newspaper Die Presse
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann-Lorm:] “Manzolini. Novella from the papers of Count Ch ”. In: Illustrirtes Familienbuch (Österr. Lloyd) , Volume 1 (Triest 1851), pp. 265–270
  • "A pupil of the year 1848". From February 1, 1855, printed in continuation in the Wiener Zeitung Die Presse (beginning: PDF ) - Later also published as a book under the new title Gabriel Solmar (1864)
  • "A Parisian Marriage". From 10 to 14 July 1856 in Klagenfurt newspaper printed
  • “Letters from the Baltic Sea. (From wartime.) ”. Printed in several parts in Conversations at the Home Stove , NF Volume 1 (Leipzig 1856), from No. 40
  • "Yellow leaves. An autumn contemplation ”. In: Conversations at the domestic hearth , NF Volume 2, No. 5 (January 1857), p. 65 f.
  • "Swabian Rides". In: Conversations at the home hearth , NF Volume 2, No. 22 (1857), pp. 340–343
  • "Blanche". In: Jahrbuch deutscher Belletristik for the year 1858 , 4th year (Prague 1858), pp. 1–78
  • "A noble lady". In: German artist album (edited by W. Müller von Königswinter), Düsseldorf: Breidenbach & Co. 1867, pp. 49–57
    • Later published in Deutscher Novellenschatz (edited by P. Heyse), IV. Series, Volume 6 (Munich: Oldenburg 1876), pp. 1-49; Still printed in Deutscher Novellenschatz, ed. by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz, Volume 24. 2nd edition Berlin, [1910], pp. 1-49. Digital in: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German novella treasure . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • “Escape from winter. Novella ". In: Ueber Land und Meer , Volume 45, Issue 10 (1880), S: 181-183; No. 11, pp. 205-207; Issue 12, pp. 225-230; Issue 13, pp. 246-250
  • “The headscarf of the Madonna. Artist Novellette ”. In: Allgemeine Literatur-Chronik (Vienna), No. 27 of July 2, 1887, pp. 697–702 ( ANNO )

Own publications

  • Graefenberger Aquarelle , Berlin, A. Duncker 1848 ( Google )
  • Tales of the Homecoming , Prague: Carl Bellmann 1851 ( BSB digital )
    • Second edition 1859 ( Google )
  • A pupil of the year 1848. Novel , 3 volumes, Vienna: Ludwig & Zang 1855 (BSB digital: Volume 1 , Volume 2 , Volume 3 )
    • New edition in 1864 under a new title: Gabriel Solmar or: A small German principality. Novel , 2 volumes, Vienna: Hermann Markgraf 1864 (Google: Volume 1 - Volume 2 )
  • At the fireplace. Stories , 2 volumes, Berlin: General. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 1856 (BSB digital: Volume 1 , Volume 2 )
  • Intimate life. Novellettes , Prague: Kober & Markgraf 1860 ( archive ) ( Google )
  • Novellas , 2 volumes, Vienna: Carl Schönewerk 1864 (BSB digital: Volume 1 , Volume 2 )
  • Dead guilt. Roman , Stuttgart 1878 (BSB digital: Volume 1 , Volume 2 )
  • Late retaliation. Novel , 2 volumes, Hamburg: JF Richter 1879 ( archive ) ( Google Volume 1 + 2 )
  • The honest name. From the memoirs of a Viennese Jewess , 2 volumes, Dresden: E. Pierson 1880
  • Outside of society. Roman , 1881
  • Wanderer's resting bench. Stories , Leipzig: Bernhard Schlicke 1881. Second edition 1882 ( Google )
  • A child of the sea. Roman , Dresden and Leipzig: Heinrich Minden 1882 ( Google )
  • A shadow from days gone by. Roman , Stuttgart: DVA (formerly Eduard Hallberger) 1882. Second edition 1883 ( Google )
  • The traveling fellow. Roman , Leipzig: Bernhard Schlicke 1884 ( Google )
  • Before the assassination. Roman , Dresden 1884. First published as a single issue in the German Roman Library on Ueber Land und Meer , 11th year (1883).
  • The beautiful Viennese. Roman , Jena 1886
  • Small novels , 3 vols., Breslau: S. Schottlaender 1888
    • Volume 1: Life is not a dream ( Google )
    • Volume Two: On the Lonely Castle ( Google )
    • Volume Three: The Captain's Two Daughters ( Google )

Philosophical and literary critical writings

In newspapers and other publications

  • "The future of German poetry". In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art , 3rd year (1844), 1st semester, pp. 575–587
  • "Literary papers from Austria". In: The border messengers. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art , 3rd year (1844), 2nd semester, 2nd volume, pp. 499–506
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “Sundays of a poet”. In: Iris. Paperback for 1844 (Pesth 1844), pp. 323-350
  • "The literary attic room". In: Europe. Chronicle of the Educated World , No. 17, April 24, 1847, pp. 267–72; No. 19, May 8, pp. 299-301; No. 28, July 10, pp. 450-454; No. 33, Aug. 14, pp. 531-534; No. 43, October 23, pp. 702-707
  • “A look at Wilhelm von Humboldt”. In: Europe. Chronicle of the Educated World , No. 1 January 1, 1848, pp. 5-8
  • "Poetry and Politics". In: Europe. Chronicle of the Educated World , No. 13, March 25, 1848, pp. 205–210
  • [as Heinrich Landesmann:] “Friday's debit and credit. Criticism". In: Jahrbuch für Israeliten 5617 (1856–1857) (Ed. J. Wertheimer) (Vienna 1856), pp. 263–267
  • "The Critic's Workshop". In: Conversations at the domestic stove , NF Volume 2, No. 19 (February 1857), p. 289 f.
  • “To French literature. Edmondet Jules de Goncourt: Les hommes de lettres . Paris. Dentu 1860 ". In: Abendblatt der Wiener Zeitung , No. 4 of April 5, 1860, p. 14; No. 5, p. 18
  • “The muse of luck. A soul-dietary consideration ”. From September 27 to October 3, 1862. Abendblatt of the Wiener Zeitung published
  • "Ivan Turgenev's Tales". In: Austrian weekly for science, art and public life , Volume 4 (1864). Pp. 1643-1647
  • “The Unschlittkerze. A belated contemporary feature section ”. In: Neue Freie Presse (Vienna), Morgenblatt No. 2010 of April 3, 1870, p. 1 f.
  • "A Cuba Cigar". In: Wiener Abendpost. Supplement to Wiener Zeitung , No. 265 of November 18, 1873, p. 2217
  • "Daughters of the educated classes" . In: The Salon for Literature, Art and Society , Volume 1 (Leipzig 1874), pp. 556-560
  • "Meditations on Poetry". In: Deutsche Dichterhalle , No. 17 (1877), pp. 283–287; No. 21, pp. 355–358 ( text file )
  • "Nestroy. A cultural image ”. In: The present. Weekly for literature, art and public life 15 (1879), No. 26 of June 28, 1879, pp. 409-411

Own publications

  • Vienna's poetic wings and springs , Vienna: FW Grunow 1847 ( archive ) ( Google )
  • [as "Heinrich Landsmann, Dr. phil. (H. Lorm “):] Philosophical-critical forays , Berlin: Mitscher & Roestell 1873 ( ETH Zurich ) ( Google )
  • Winged hours. Life, criticism, poetry , 3 volumes, Leipzig: JF Hartknoch 1875
    • Part 1: The fairy tales of the present. Sketches from time and life ( BSB digital )
    • Part 2: Diogenes in the inkwell. Studies and Essays ( Google )
    • Part 3: Novellas and Scenes
  • The enjoyment of nature. A philosophy of the seasons , Berlin: A. Hofmann & Co. 1876 ( archive ) ( Google )
    • New edition 1883 udT: The enjoyment of nature. A contribution to the doctrine of happiness, Vienna and Teschen: kk Hof-Buchhandlung Karl Prochaska
  • The evening at home. Lingering contemplating science and life , Berlin: A. Hofmann and Comp. 1881 ( Google ) - Dedicated to Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach
  • Nature and spirit in relation to the cultural epochs , Vienna and Teschen: kk Hof-Buchhandlung Karl Prochaska 1884 ( Google )
  • The muse of happiness and modern solitude. Two contributions to the philosophy of life , Dresden and Leipzig: Heinrich Minden 1893 ( Google )
  • The baseless optimism. A book of contemplation , Vienna: Verlag der literar. Society 1894 ( Google )
  • (posthumously :) confession sheets. Scattered and bequeathed notes of a poet-philosopher . Introduced by Philipp Stein. Berlin and Leipzig: Schuster & Loeffler 1905 ( archive ) ( Google )

Stage works

  • The key to the heart . Comedy , performed at the Vienna Hofburgtheather in 1851 (unprinted)
  • The old and the young. Dramatic genre picture in 1 act , Berlin: self-published in 1862
  • The forester's house. Drama in 3 Acts , Vienna: self-published in 1864 ( Google )
  • Hieronymus Napoleon in Westphalia. Drama , 1875 (unprinted)

Letters

  • Selected letters . Introduced and ed. by Ernst Friedegg. Berlin: Siegismund, 1912.

documentary

  • Lorm's Alphabet , television documentary, 52 min, director: Pavel Jurda, Czech Republic / Austria / Germany 2013 (co-produced by Soleil Film , Vienna)

literature

To the biography

  • "Lorm country man. (An obituary to a living person). “In: Oesterreichische Schachzeitung (Ed. J. Kolisch & H. Lehner), 2nd year, No. 26 of April 16, 1873, pp. 113–117.
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Landesmann, Heinrich . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 14th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1865, pp. 72–77 ( digitized version ).
  • Ernst Eckstein: "On the history of the feature pages". In: Our time. Deutsche Revue der Gegenwart , NF 11th year, 2nd half (Leipzig 1875), pp. 927–947. In it, pp. 935–938 deal in detail with Lorm.
  • JJ David: "Hieronymus Lorm". In: Allgemeine Kunst-Chronik (Vienna), Volume XV; No. 16 of August 1, 1891, p. 444 f.
  • Carl C. Bostianchich-Braum: “The poet-philosopher Hieronymus Lorm (Dr. Heinrich Landesmann). An honor sheet for his 80th birthday ”. In: Fremd-Zeitung , No. 43 of August 3, 1901, p. 5 f. ( ANNO )
  • Eugen Isolani: “Hieronymus Lorm. On the eightieth birthday of the poet, August 9 ”. In: Innsbrucker Nachrichten , No. 180 of August 8, 1901, pp. 1–3 ( ANNO )
  • Karl Kreisler: “Hieronymus Lorm. On his hundredth birthday ”. In: Neues Wiener Tagblatt , No. 217 of August 9, 1921, p. 2 f. ( ANNO )
  • Hanus:  Landesmann, Heinrich; Ps. Hieronymus Lorm. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 428.
  • Lorm, Jerome. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 16: Lewi – Mehr. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-22696-0 , pp. 162-173.
  • Sigurd Paul Scheichel: Lorm, Hieronymus. In: Andreas B. Kilcher (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon of German-Jewish Literature. Jewish authors in the German language from the Enlightenment to the present. 2nd, updated and expanded edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02457-2 , p. 349f.

To the work

  • Anonymous: “Novellas by Hieronymus Lorm”. In: Die Presse (Vienna), No. 194 of July 15, 1864, p. 1 ( ANNO )
  • Julian Straub: Hieronymus Lorm as a prose writer. Explanatory interpretation of the narrative works and presentation of the 'Grundlose Optimismus' , Munich 1960 (zugl. Univ., Diss., Munich 1959).

Web links

Commons : Hieronymus Lorm  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Hieronymus Lorm  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Lorm-Landesmann. (An obituary) ”(1873), p. 115.
  2. ↑ Kreisler (1921), p. 2.
  3. ↑ "Lorm-Landesmann. (An obituary) ”(1873), p. 114.
  4. ↑ Lorm, Confession Leaflets (1905), p. 24.
  5. ↑ Lorm, Wien's poetisch Schwingen (1847), p. 19 f. The whole passage reads: “In an absolute state, in Austria, where no law has any other guarantee than the self-will of the ruler and as soon as it becomes uncomfortable and no longer wants to be completely compatible with the principle of stability, without preparation, without permissible contradiction, can be lifted instantly, in Austria, where the press has not even been given the miserable honor of influencing public opinion through a noteworthy government organ, a crowd of men is united the aged Prince Metternich, who saves the fame of his politics by the iron consistency of begging concessions for the press, which at the moment when they wanted to use them would have to run counter to the state principle represented by Metternich. "
  6. ↑ Bostianchich-Braum (1901), p. 5.
  7. ↑ See the anecdotal news in Oscar Blumenthal: For all car & human classes. Chats from station to station , I. Classe, Leipzig 1875, p. 65 ff.
  8. ↑ Landesmann, Heinrich; Ps. Hieronymus Lorm (1821-1902), writer and journalist . Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 , Vol. 4, Lfg. 20 (1969), p. 428 f.
  9. ↑ See the information on this from Ina Niels in the Neue Wiener Journal , No. 13.833 of May 26, 1932, p. 11 ( ANNO )
  10. ↑ Isolani (1901), p. 2.
personal data
SURNAME Lorm, Jerome
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Landesmann, Heinrich (real name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION Austrian writer and inventor of a tactile alphabet for the deaf-blind
BIRTH DATE August 9, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Nikolsburg , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1902
PLACE OF DEATH Brno