Heinrich Schreiber (historian)

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Chalk lithograph 1830

Johann Heinrich Nepomuk Schreiber (born July 14, 1793 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † November 29, 1872 ibid) was a professor at the university and the first important local historian in Freiburg.

Life

The early years

Johann Heinrich Schreiber's father Josef was a valet for the Wessenberg family , mother Veronika a servant in the palace of Baron von Sickingen , where Heinrich Schreiber was born on July 14, 1793. As a 10-year-old he attended grammar school in Freiburg and the willing and eager to learn, the pupil excelled especially in Latin and French. In 1808 Heinrich moved to the Albertina for a two-year Philosophicum and heard philosophy from Bernhard Boll , later the first Freiburg archbishop, and history from Karl von Rotteck . During this time the financial situation of his parents worsened considerably and so he decided to study theology with a focus on church history. In addition to his dry theology studies, Schreiber continued to be interested in philosophy, history and literature. There he got to know the aged Johann Georg Jacobi . After completing his studies at the seminary in Meersburg with his ordination in September 1815, he accepted a teaching position at the newly founded Freiburg grammar school academicum , but in 1819 switched to the university library as curator . After viewing the city archive, which was then housed in the northern Hahnenturm of the cathedral , he published the history and description of the cathedral in 1820 in time for the 700th anniversary of the parish church . In 1821 he received his doctorate on the end of the last Agilolfinger in Swabia . With his habilitation in the same year through Ares , he obtained the license to teach at the philosophical faculty for the winter semester 1821/22 . He gave lectures on the history of older German literature and language and read on aesthetics, the science of beauty . When Schreiber's hopes for a full professorship were dashed, he accepted the post of prefect at the grammar school , which he directed for the next four years.

The young professor

In 1826 Schreiber was offered the chair of moral theology at the university without having been trained for the position. In the following years he wrote a book on general religious teaching , whereupon the university gave him a Dr. theol. awarded. In 1831 his work Specific Moral Theology came out, in which he particularly opposed celibacy , which is a non-Christian institute . The ideal lies in marriage, in which the sexual instinct finds its natural as well as legal and moral equalization and satisfaction in all directions . The Freiburg bishop Bernhard Boll sharply criticized the author for his views in a pastoral letter that was also read in Karlsruhe. Because of the student protests about the dismissal of Rotteck and Welcker from their professorships, the ministry did not want any further unrest and in 1836 Schreiber was only transferred to the philosophical faculty to the insignificant chair for historical auxiliary sciences.

German Catholicism

The exhibition of the Holy Rock in Trier in 1844 triggered a renewed conflict with the official church , because Schreiber found: "The idolatry that was practiced with it had, as is well known, aroused deep indignation in many educated Catholics". The theologian Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg tried in vain to establish a national church system at the Congress of Vienna . Schreiber also tended to this German Catholicism, in which the fatherland should come to the fore over Rome, and at Easter 1845 he announced to the archbishop his conversion to the German Catholic Church . As a result, the university had Schreiber's lecture announcements removed for the summer semester and also banned the lectures on ethics that had been moved to his private apartment. In October, Grand Duke Leopold withdrew the title of clergyman from him . On January 18, 1846, he was expelled from the university by his transfer into temporary retirement. When he converted to the German Catholic Church , Schreiber was excommunicated. In 1846 he married his housekeeper Anna Fuchs and in 1850 bought a house on the street that has been named after him since 1879.

The years after university

Bust of Heinrich Schreiber on the corner of Kaiserbrücke / Schreiberstraße in FreiburgWorld icon

Schreiber, like Wessenberg, is counted among the late Enlightenmentists, who stated that his goal was: “To enable someone to recognize recognizable things”. This attitude also shines through in the local historical studies and publications that followed Schreiber.

“The search for the Roman locations of the Tabula Peutingeriana between the Black Forest and Rheinau on the basis of the routes, the terrain and the archaeological finds initially led to all sorts of contradicting and uncertain assumptions. Iuliomagus was started in Pfullendorf, Stühlingen and Hüfingen, but in 1844 Heinrich Schreiber first started in Schleitheim. "

His life's work is the first comprehensive history of the city of Freiburg , which appeared in 1857 at the same time as the history of the university . Schreiber was also a collector of folk tales and made many contributions to the Badischer Sagenbuch from 1846. In 1867 he also published his own collection of sagas , The Folk Tales of the City of Freiburg im Breisgau and its surroundings .

Heinrich Schreiber died in 1872, respected by his fellow historians, as evidenced by his many honorary memberships in historical and archaeological societies across Europe. His tomb has been on the newly designed grove of honor at Freiburg's main cemetery since 2009.

On his 100th birthday, the Freiburg sculptor Gustav Adolf Knittel (1852–1909) erected a memorial for scribes. The work, which was originally made of marble, was replaced by a variant made of galvanized bronze before the beginning of the 20th century. Later the pedestal was also replaced.

Fonts (selection)

  • Freiburg im Breisgau with its surroundings. History and Description. Herder , Freiburg 1825 ( digitized version )
  • Document book of the city of Freiburg in two volumes, 1828/29
  • The witch trials in Freiburg im Breisgau, Offenburg in the Ortenau and Bräunlingen on the Schwarzwalde: First communicated and explained from the archives of these cities , 1837 ( digitized version )
  • Freiburg and its surroundings , 3rd edition 1840
  • History of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau in 4 volumes, 1857/58
  • History of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg in 3 volumes, 1857/60
  • The German Peasants' War , documents and explanations in three deliveries, 1863/66

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Schreiber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Heinrich Schreiber  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Bender, p. 409.
  2. ↑ a b Karl-Heinz Braun: Heinrich Schreiber and Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg - Late Enlightenment . ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Lecture. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ub.uni-freiburg.de
  3. ↑ Helmut Bender, p. 410.
  4. ^ According to the Freiburg address calendar for 1871 (p. 97), he lived at Dreisamstrasse 8 at the end of his life.
  5. ↑ Hans Lieb: Iuliomagus . in: Jost Bürgi, Radanna Hoppe, Hans Lieb: IVLIOMAGVS-Roman Schleitheim. P. 7.
  6. ^ Freiburg im Breisgau 1867 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library .
  7. ↑ Friedrich Kempf: Public fountains and monuments . In: Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings . Baden Architects and Engineers Association, 1898, pp. 495 and 496
personal data
SURNAME Schreiber, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schreiber, Johann Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German local historian
DATE OF BIRTH July 14, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Freiburg in Breisgau
DATE OF DEATH November 29, 1872
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau