Heinrich Steinhöwel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrich Steinhöwel: Incunabulum , printed in Ulm 1473
Wyben enlightened from the synnrychen (after Boccaccios De mulieribus claris ), published by Johann Zainer Verlag, Ulm, shortly before 1474
Book and life of the famous fable poet Aesopi published by Johann Zainer Verlag, Ulm 1476 (later colored woodcut)

Heinrich Steinhowel even Steinhäuel or crystal healing (* 1410 / 1411 in Weil der Stadt , † 1. March 1479 in Ulm ) was a German doctor, early humanist translator and writer . From 1450 he worked as a city doctor in Ulm.

Life

According to recent findings, Steinhöwel was born in 1410 or 1411. He studied medicine in Vienna from 1429 , where he received his master's degree in 1436. He also studied from 1438 in Padua , where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1443. As early as 1442 he had been rector artistarum in Padua.

From 1444 he taught medicine at the University of Heidelberg . From 1446 he practiced in his hometown Weil, and in 1449 he was the city doctor in Esslingen am Neckar .

In 1450 Steinhöwel was appointed city doctor of Ulm, initially for six years and then with an extended contract, where he died in 1479. Parallel to this activity he worked as a personal physician for various princes, a. a. of Count Eberhard von Württemberg and in 1454 for Philip the Good of Burgundy .

In the transition period from the late Middle Ages to the Renaissance , interest in classical Roman and Greek culture also grew. Steinhöwel has been the center of a group of humanist-minded men in Swabia such as ( Niklas von Wyle or Antonius von Pforr ) since he settled in Ulm and also worked as a translator from Latin and editor of ancient texts.

Steinhöwel translated, among other things, the metrical adaptation of the ancient novel Apollonius of Tire by Gottfried von Viterbo as well as works by Petrarch .

In 1471 Günther Zainer in Augsburg published his German translation of Petrarch's Latin adaptation of the Griseldis novella from Boccaccio's Decameron '(Dec. X, 10).

Steinhöwel then brought the brother of his Augsburg printer, Johann Zainer, to Ulm, who, presumably with Steinhöwel's financial support, set up a first printer in Ulm in 1472.

The first printed work in Ulm appeared on January 11, 1473, Steinhöwel's "The Little Book of the Order of Pestilence".

In the same year 1473 a Latin and soon after a German translation of Boccaccio's "De claris mulieribus" appeared, both with numerous high-quality woodcuts.

Around 1476 Steinhöwel published his famous and influential bilingual collection of Aesopian fables in various Latin versions: Book and Life of the famous fable poet Aesopi in the publishing house of Johann Zainer in Ulm. A German prose translation has been added to the Latin text. The Ulm Aesop from 1476 has inspired several other collections of fables in later centuries. The 550-page work is provided with 191 woodcuts and numerous initials. The woodcuts were created during the heyday of the Ulm woodcut, they are characterized by high plasticity, a safe handling of space and characteristic depiction of animals and people, right through to the mood of facial expressions.

Steinhöwel seasoned the “Ulmer Aesop” with a description of Aesop's life and stories by Petrus Alphonsus and Poggios . The stories of Poggio - the amorous adventures of married women - made Esopus a bestseller of its time. The other side of the coin, however, was the condemnation of this entertainment literature. Martin Luther , who promoted the fable popular because of its didactic effect, was also a critic of this edition.

Heinrich Steinhöwel exerted a great influence on the development of an upscale German written language through his relatively free and meaningful ("ad sensum") translations from Latin into German. His statements about his principles of translation, published in the introductions, are among the early theoretical statements of the Renaissance on the problem of translation and thus, implicitly, of cultural transfer.

Fonts

literature

  • Philipp Strauch :  Steinhöwel, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 728-736.
  • Nikolaus Henkel: Heinrich Steinhöwel. In: Stephan Füssel (ed.): German poets of the early modern period 1450–1600. Berlin 1993, pp. 51-70.
  • Tina Terrahe: New findings on Heinrich Steinhöwel and the dating of his "Apollonius". In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature. Volume 142, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 217-227.
  • Tina Terrahe: Heinrich Steinhöwel's "Apollonius". Edition and studies. Berlin 2013 (here a current overview of the state of research, link to the chapter on Steinhöwel as an author on Google Books ).
  • Tina Terrahe: Poetological Transformations in Heinrich Steinhöwel. In: Regina Toepfer, Johannes Klaus Kipf, Jörg Robert (eds.): Humanistic translation of antiquities and early modern poetics in Germany (1450–1620). Berlin / Boston 2017, pp. 439–460.
  • Gerd Dicke: Heinrich Steinhöwel's Esopus and his followers: Investigations into a book success in the early printing period. Tubingen, 1994.
  • Aesopus: vita et fabulae: The Ulm Aesop from 1476/77. Aesop's life and fables as well as fables and fables of other origins ... 3 vols. Ludwigsburg 1992–1995. Here especially vol. 3: Peter Amelung: Commentary on the facsimile . Ludwigsburg 1995.
  • Lilli Fischel: Series of images in early book printing. Studies of incunabula illustration in Ulm and Strasbourg. Constance [u. a.] 1963.
  • Carl Ehrle: Dr. Heinrich Stainhöwel's regimen sanitatis. In: German Archives for the History of Medicin and Medicinische Geographie 4, 1881, (new print Hildesheim and New York 1971) pp. 121–128, 209–223, 322–332 and 416–436.
  • Paul Joachimsohn: Frühhumanismus in Schwaben , In: Württembergische Vierteljahrshefte für Landesgeschichte 5 (1896), pp. 63–126 and 257–291, here on Steinhöwel especially p. 116 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tarrahe 2013, p. 14. The written sources were previously viewed by Gerd Dicke: Gerd Dicke: New and old biographical testimonies of Heinrich Steinhöwel. Findings and criticism . In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature 120, no. 2, (1991), pp. 156-184.
  2. ^ Hermann Klemm: The legal and social position of doctors in the imperial city of Ulm. In: Ulm and Upper Swabia; Announcements of the association for art and antiquity in Ulm and Upper Swabia. Issue 26, 1929.
  3. ↑ Peter Amelung: Humanists as employees of the printer using the example of early printing in Ulm , in: Fritz Krafft and Dieter Wuttke (eds.), The relationship of the humanists to the book (= Communication / Commission for Humanism Research 4), Boppard 1977, p. 129– 144.
  4. ^ Heinrich Steinhöwel, Aesopus: Vita et Fabulae. Ulm 1476. Facsimile and commentary by P. Amelung (Edition Libri Illustri). [Commentary tape and print]. Graz 1992.
  5. ^ R. Muther: German book illustration of the Gothic and early Renaissance, Leipzig and Munich 1894, Vol. 2. Wilhelm Worringer: Book and life of the famous fabulous poet Aesopi, Munich 1925.
  6. ↑ Hans J. Vermeer: ​​Translating into Renaissance and Humanism (15th and 16th centuries). 2 vol. Heidelberg 2000, here vol. 1, pp. 549-568 with references
  7. ↑ Tina Terrahe: Heinrich Steinhöwel's "Apollonius". Edition and studies. Berlin 2013.
  8. ↑ Complete catalog of incandescent prints (GW04486). Marburg repertory on translation literature in early German humanism . About the illustrations: Lilli Fischel: series of images in early book printing. Studies of incunabula illustration in Ulm and Strasbourg. Constance [u. a.] 1963. Kristina Domanski: Readings of Fame: Johann Zainers woodcut illustrations for Giovanni Boccaccio's “De mulieribus claris”. Cologne / Weimar 2007.
  9. ↑ Complete catalog of incandescent prints (GW00351). Marburg Repertory on Translation Literature in Early German Humanism Facsimile and commentary by P. Amelung (Edition Libri Illustri). [Commentary tape and print]. Graz 1992. About the illustrations: Lilli Fischel: series of images in early book printing. Studies of incunabula illustration in Ulm and Strasbourg. Constance [u. a.] 1963.

Web links

Wikisource: Heinrich Steinhöwel  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Steinhöwel, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Steinhäuel, Heinrich; Steinheil, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German author
DATE OF BIRTH 1410 or 1411
PLACE OF BIRTH Because of the city
DATE OF DEATH March 1, 1479
Place of death Ulm