Heinrich Tiedemann (politician)

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Heinrich Tiedemann (born October 23, 1800 in Hademarschen , † May 4, 1851 in Rendsburg ) was a German surveyor, land inspector, landowner and politician.

Memorial plaque for Heinrich Tiedemann

parents

Heinrich Tiedemann was a son of Christoph (er) Tiedemann (born August 1, 1766 in Beringstedt , † April 5, 1817 in Osterstedt ). The father worked as a surveyor and from 1800 on the dike in the Karolinenkoog . From 1805 he was a half-hoofed man in Osterstedt. His mother Maria, née Jarstorf (born October 20, 1760 in Poyenberg in the parish of Kellinghusen; † April 15, 1807 in Osterstedt) was a daughter of the cat Christian Jar (g) storf, (* around 1723; † April 1, 1788 in Poyenberg ) and by Magdalena, née Stenner (* around 1724 - † September 25, 1778 in Poyenberg).

Tiedemann's father married Marike (Maria), née Trede (born August 22, 1783 in Osterstedt; † October 16, 1867) for the second time in 1809. Her father Ehler Trede (* around 1757; † March 31, 1824 in Osterstedt) was a kätner and weaver. The second wife married the Insten and Weber Andreas Harms in 1820.

Childhood and youth

Tiedemann's childhood and youth are poorly documented. The father was an Inste and had five other older children in addition to Heinrich. After the death of the father's first wife, the stepmother brought three more children into the household. With so many children and the father's low income, childhood must have been meager.

Tiedemann initially lived in Hademarschen , where the family had only settled immediately before his birth. In 1805 the father bought a piece of land in Osterstedt, where Tiedemann first went to school at the age of six. After his mother's death the following year, he evidently stayed away from school several times to tend geese. According to fragmentary autobiographical records from his estate, he missed his birth mother for life. He never developed a close relationship with his stepmother.

Further information concerning Tiedemann's private life can be found almost exclusively in his son's autobiography. After the death of his father, Tiedemsnn presumably left home and trained as a surveyor. He probably got his first knowledge of this from his father. At an advanced age, however, Tiedemann said that at the age of 18 he had not yet been able to write and read. He also learned the standard German language later.

Professional Activities

In February 1826 Tiedemann had his residence in Heide and measured the Mieltal . He obviously cooperated closely with the dike conductor Ernst Johann Friedrich von Christensen . In May / June 1826 they took a trip from Heide to Rendsburg , Flensburg , Lügumkloster , Ringköbing and the Limfjord . On the way back they visited Holstebro , Viborg and Aarhus . During the voyage, they were to examine in particular the changes in the landscape of the Limfjord that had occurred as a result of the February flood of 1825 .

Dike inspector Nikolaus Heinrich von Christensen , the father of Ernst Johann Friedrich von Christensen, commissioned Tiedemann for an expert opinion at the beginning of March 1827. He was supposed to assess how the dangers of the flood, which threatened the entire Wilstermarsch due to the ailing Elbe dike at Schelenkuhlen , could be averted. Tiedemann recommended that neither time nor money be invested in the rehabilitation of this dike, which he considered hardly feasible. As an immediate measure, he suggested the construction of a sleeping dike . What else Tiedemann did during these years and where he lived is not known. During this time, however, he must have received extensive further training. If necessary, he also learned the English language during these years.

From the beginning of July 1833, Tiedemann worked as a land inspector for Schleswig's Land Commissioner's office. In mid-August 1834 he entered the examinations college for land knives in the duchies. He stayed here until his self-chosen discharge in 1845. Because of his extensive travel activities, the population knew him very well. Tiedemann also saw the great poverty of the majority of the residents, which was made worse by a crisis in the agricultural industry.

Since Tiedemann was often recruited as a referee in conflicts, he was apparently a very good surveyor. His professional activities were important for his later activities before the Schleswig-Holstein survey .

Possessions

Johannisberg manor house

The professional advancement of Tiedemann went hand in hand with an increasing income. His closest relatives continued to work as domestic and small farmers, while he achieved unusual social advancement. In 1835 he largely bought the Meggerkoog, including the Johannisberg estate, which was completely run down. With a steam engine he was able to dry out the area of ​​the Koog after a short time. With the help of further steam engines, he transformed the estate into a prosperous property that had a water scoop mill, a grain mill, a bakery, brewery and starch factory. He also had a new mansion and large farm buildings built.

Tiedemann paid the poll tax for the approximately 400 residents of the Meggerkoog. In 1840 he also acquired the Brömerkoog and rebuilt it. The land was used in particular for the production of hay. Around 1848 the Johannisberg estate generated net income of around 20,000 thalers. One possible reason, but also an expression of his social advancement, may have been that he married a wife from the respected Jessen family. The most renowned member at the time was the psychiatrist Peter Jessen . Tiedemann's successes made him known in the duchies.

Entry into politics

Tiedemann wrote press releases from the mid-1830s. This marked the beginning of his political career. Already the first publications showed him as an ambitious, very adaptive personality with a strong sense of justice. He also had remarkable business and practical knowledge and at the same time understood economic relationships. This emerges from his essays on state economic and political issues.

From 1836 Tiedemann wrote a series of articles for the Kiel Correspondenzblatt . In it he called for the customs to be lifted from the point of view of the state's purpose. He addressed the finance and tax system of economics, presented a possible form of a class tax that should be created as a substitute tax, the leasing of steam power and the study of mathematics and camera science. In other contributions he explained the English tax system and the basis of the tax cadastre in France.

In publications of the 1840s, Tiedemann wrote about the finances of the duchies. In it he called for this to be removed from the Kingdom of Denmark and a Schleswig-Holstein state bank to be set up. Inspired by Uwe Jens Lornsen , he was also interested in constitutional issues. He judged the law on the arrangement of provincial estates very positively. He co-founded the German customs union and attended parliamentary negotiations in state parliaments in central and southern Germany. Tiedemann considered parliamentary work to be the best way of realizing the reforms he was aiming for.

In 1841 Tiedemann traveled through Germany and England. He met the liberals Heinrich von Gagern , Georg Gottfried Gervinus , Theodor Welcker , Johann Adam von Itzstein and Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier , among others . In the House of Commons in London he heard debates from John Russell , Lord Palmerston , Robert Peel and Daniel O'Connell . He found the latter so impressive that he contacted him personally after the speech. Officially, Tiedemann was supposed to visit agricultural processing plants in England, especially oil fights . He had received letters of recommendation for this, which were addressed to the Danish consuls in Germany, Belgium, Holland and England.

From 1837 Tiedemann had documented business contacts with Wilhelm Hartwig Beseler , whose wife was a close friend of his wife. The couples often met in the Meggerkoog. Tiedemann received other regular visits from Theodor Olshausen and Ferdinand Jacobsen . He wrote Olshausen letters until the end of his life. Theodor Gülich , Georg Löck and Heinrich Hansen were also among the politicians with whom he allied .

Entry into the assembly of estates

In the election for the Schleswig-Holstein assembly of estates, Tiedemann won the 14th Schleswig-Holstein electoral district in 1842. At that time he was already a highly respected person among farmers. In April 1842 he received a call to the executive committee of the "higher elementary school" in Rendsburg, which went back to the Agricultural Association of Rendsburg. Tiedemann joined the liberal and national politicians in the meeting of the estates. He made proposals on mostly economic and rural topics. He wanted to abolish the poll tax, establish general conscription, revise the Reichsbank bill and determine its value in terms of Reichsbank money. He also filed applications for the right to obtain tax permits.

Tiedemann submitted two special petitions. These concerned the separation of the finances of the duchies from those of the kingdom and the approval of a Landesbank in Schleswig-Holstein. Karl Dietrich Lorentzen had already submitted a corresponding petition concerning finances in 1838. Heinrich Hansen had previously campaigned for a Landesbank in 1841.

Commitment to finance

Tiedemann was not only involved in the assembly of estates for reforms of the finances of the duchies. As a popular person among the rural population, he attended public assemblies, popular and singing festivals and banquets. So-called “bank meetings” were added later. He advocated an independent Landesbank in Schleswig-Holstein and asked for payments. He repeatedly advised the population to think patriotically. He skillfully succeeded in linking the material intentions of such an institution with the ideational concerns of the Schleswig-Holstein movement.

Tiedemann carried out a propaganda campaign that proved to be very effective and had clear national-patriotic traits: he collected copper Reichsbank coins that the Flensburg branch of the Danish National Bank, which had opened in 1844, had put into circulation. He sent the coins to Ernst von Bandel , who was to use them for the Hermannsdenkmal .

Tiedemann compiled extensive statistics, made complicated calculations and used them as a basis for his application to separate the finances of the duchies. He argued that the duchies would be “pre-engraved” (disadvantaged) in the tax burden, the state budget and the so-called “bank custody”, which consisted of a forced mortgage. The words “pre-engraving” and “separation of finances” developed through Tiedemann's commitment to common terms of the initiative, which wanted to separate the duchies from the state as a whole.

At the Haddebeyer Festival on May 28, 1843, Tiedemann said that the fraud against the duchies in the area of ​​finance and banking amounted to 39 million Reichstaler. This earned him a lawsuit for lese majesty in 1844, which increased his notoriety. It was the first major political trial since the Lornsen trial in 1831. Wilhelm Hartwig Beseler took over Tiedemann's defense. The process ended in the second instance with an acquittal. Tiedemann had meanwhile been suspended from duty. Since he did not return to office voluntarily and renounced his pension entitlements, he was viewed as a martyr for Schleswig-Holstein interests.

In the end, Tiedemann was unable to attract sufficient investors to have its own Landesbank in Schleswig-Holstein. In addition, the government denied the necessary permits and privileges. Together with three businessmen and a lawyer, Tiedemann therefore concentrated on opening a banking business in Flensburg. This should act like the Landesbank that is actually intended and prevent potential donors from investing in the Reichsbank. The bank opened in mid-April 1844 and, thanks to donations, was able to pay slightly higher interest than previously calculated. The bank and a subsidiary office opened in Rendsburg in February 1847 only existed until the Schleswig-Holstein survey.

The Schleswig-Holstein survey

Tiedemann agitated for the Schleswig-Holstein survey. From 1842, in particular, he played a major role in creating a sense of the country in the duchies and in politicizing the rural population. With his clear and open speeches in the meeting of the estates, he developed into one of the prominent politicians of the time. The Danes saw in him the leader of the agitators. In caricatures he led crusades against the branch bank or was portrayed as the prophet of Duke Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg .

After 1846, Tiedemann no longer actively shaped politics. He only appeared specifically for public relations. In the autumn he visited in particular the important places in the southern German states, including Ludwig I of Bavaria . He spoke about the situation in the duchies. He was no longer publicist and was no longer on the important committees. His son said his father had been offered to run the provisional government's finance department, but he refused. So he had no seat in the cabinet.

End of life

The defeat of the Schleswig-Holstein troops destroyed Tiedemann's life goal. Due to billeting on his estate for several months, he was financially ruined; as early as 1850 he fled from Danish soldiers to Rendsburg. The Danish rulers had pronounced an amnesty for most of the people involved in the survey, but this did not apply to Tiedemann. Instead, he was expelled from the country. Tiedemann considered selling his estate and moving the family to Braunschweig . He died the evening before the planned departure. His widow was able to keep the estate. A son-in-law later rebuilt it.

family

Tiedemann married Caroline Amalie Marie Louise Jessen on October 1, 1835 in Pinneberg (born January 16 (not 26) January 1812 in Pinneberg; July 30, 1887 in Westerland ). Her father Johannes Willers (Wilhelm) Jessen (born June 27, 1779 in Flensburg , † April 2, 1851 in Pinneberg) was an attorney at higher courts and regional courts in Pinneberg. Her godmother was Princess Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

Tiedemann was married to Amalie Auguste, née Nielsen (born November 16, 1788 in Pinneberg, † April 4, 1874 ibid), a daughter of the chief forester Detlef Nielsen.

The Tiedemanns had two daughters and their son Christoph Willers Marcus Heinrich , who became a politician.

literature

  • Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 447–454.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 447–454
  2. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
  3. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
  4. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
  5. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
  6. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 448–449.
  7. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 449.
  8. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 449.
  9. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 449.
  10. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 449.
  11. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 449.
  12. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 450.
  13. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 450.
  14. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 450.
  15. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 450.
  16. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 450–451.
  17. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  18. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  19. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  20. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  21. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  22. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 451.
  23. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 451–452.
  24. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 453.
  25. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 453.
  26. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 453–454.
  27. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, pp. 448 and 450.
  28. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
  29. ^ Annekathrin Mordhorst, Hartwig Moltzow: Tiedemann, Heinrich . in: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 13. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2011, p. 448.
personal data
SURNAME Tiedemann, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German land surveyor, land inspector, landowner and politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 23, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Hademarschen
DATE OF DEATH May 4, 1851
Place of death Rendsburg