Heinz Buchholz

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Professional prohibition letter 1935

Heinz Buchholz (born September 4, 1906 in Berlin ; † August 1984 in Landskrona ) was a German - Swedish painter and graphic artist who fled to Sweden in 1935 .

Life

Heinz Buchholz was born in Berlin in 1906 as the son of a Jewish businessman. He was already painting his surroundings on Nollendorfplatz as a 6-year-old , at the age of 10 the painter Sofie-Luise Schlieder , who met him in his parents' house, had him copy pictures by old masters in her studio and introduced him to the theory of oil paints.

Heinz Buchholz studied anatomy and life drawing with Rudolf Albert Becker-Heyer . He frequented the Romanisches Café at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church , the meeting place for the avant-garde . There he met many well-known Berlin artists of the time, such as Kurt Tucholsky , Alfred Kerr and Franz Blei . He decorated the storm balls for Herwarth Waiden . He modeled and painted in the zoo with Wilhelm Hübner-Lauenburg (* 1881), a pupil of Arthur Kampf . Some of his animal sculptures were produced in series. With Max Kaus , Heinz Buchholz learned essential techniques that opened his eyes to the modern painting of those years. He works for theaters, the UFA and designed cafes, for example.

Spanish creative period

In 1932, Heinz Buchholz went to Palma and his first exhibition in Barcelona brought him considerable success.

As early as 1933, at the request of Friedrich Stampfers , he was drawing illustrations for the New Forward from Spain . Nevertheless, he returned to Berlin in 1934. There he met friends who had not yet emigrated in the Romanisches Café and was immediately monitored and persecuted by the Gestapo.

Work ban and escape across the Baltic Sea

On March 8, 1935, Heinz Buchholz received a letter of prohibition from the President of the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts , Eugen Hönig , in which he was informed that as a " non- Aryan" he did not have the " reliability and suitability required for the creation of German cultural assets". He was banned from continuing to work as a painter and graphic artist and was assigned to the labor service to build the motorway . Escape by train seemed too dangerous to him. Heinz Buchholz and his future wife bought a used folding boat . With this canoe intended for small tours, they began their escape on May 6, 1935.

A report by Heinz Buchholz on the occasion of an interview for the Sydsvenska Dagbladet in November 1972 describes this dramatic escape:

“Outside of Spandau we put our boat in the water. We paddled towards the coast. At no time did we have the thought of venturing out to sea. But when we arrived in Swinoujscie and wanted to board the ferry, the German captain stopped us, 'Where are you going?' 'We want to go on vacation in Sweden!'. 'Germans are vacationing in Germany' he yelled at us and expelled us from the ship. Now we took one last desperate way out. Friedei (Mrs. Buchholz) and I dared to try paddling to Sweden in a canoe. We met a fisherman whom we let in on our plans. 'You are insane,' he said, 'you don't have the slightest chance in the little rubber boat.' He strongly advised us against our plan, but we saw no other choice. When we left Pe [e] nemünde in the canoe, the German artillery had just had a target practice and tried to wave us back. We paddled out of the target area as quickly as possible and were soon out to sea. However, when a severe storm hit, we were in great danger. But we did not doubt for a moment that we had made the right choice between this escape and Hitler's Germany.

When our situation seemed completely hopeless, a German fishing boat came towards us. The fisherman called us, he asked if we had lost our minds. Then he took us and our boat in; it was full of storm now. We told him where we wanted to go and why we planned to continue our journey, no matter how it ended. Our compatriot listened to us and said: 'I will take you a little bit with me until the storm is over, but you must never report that I have helped you.' We have kept our promise to this day (interview November 1972), now it can no longer harm him. "

The fisherman then dropped them off off the Swedish coast after the storm and Heinz Buchholz and his wife reached the port of Landskrona, completely exhausted .

Exile in Sweden

The Swedish pilot Henry Strömberg discovered the small folding boat with the binoculars in June 1935. Together with his wife he took the exhausted refugees into his house in Landskrona and provided them with warm clothes. A week later Friedel and Heinz Buchholz continued their trip to Gothenburg .

In Sweden, Heinz Buchholz caricatured Hitler's speeches, among other things, this series was summarized in the cycle Hitler speaks . The publication of the caricatures met with resistance in Sweden out of fear.

Friedel and Heinz Buchholz married in 1945. Like many emigrants, they did not return to Germany. In 1972 he moved to Landskrona to spend his old age there. After his wife died on June 23, 1983, Heinz Buchholz passed away in August 1984.

Works (selection)

  • Hitler speaks!  : 35 drawings for his speeches and their consequences, Heinz Buchholz
  • The Roaring Twenties , oil on wood, sign. 131 × 149 cm, a gift to his hometown, owned by the Senate of the City of Berlin
  • Mona Lisa , oil on panel, 91 × 61 cm
  • The yellow spot , oil on wood, sign. 38 × 29 cm
  • Apocalypse , oil on wood, sign. 93 × 125 cm
  • Trees in the Storm , oil on canvas, 47 × 56 cm
  • Industrial landscape , oil on canvas, sign. 52 × 67 cm
  • Fischer , oil on panel, 97 × 65 cm
  • Fishermen in the harbor , oil on canvas, sign. 58 × 84 cm
  • Death plays on , oil on canvas, sign. 92 × 64 cm
  • The blind painter , sign. Oil on panel, 62 × 70 cm
  • Die Enturtzelten , oil on canvas, sign. 87 × 61 cm
  • The day the war ended , oil on canvas, sign. 122 × 99 cm

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinz Buchholz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Huebner-Lauenburg (born March 9, 1881 in Lauenburg / Pomerania; † last mention (before) 1955 Berlin), German painter and graphic artist. He paints animals, landscapes and portraits. Based in Berlin. Studied 1909/1912 with Georg Koch and Paul Friedrich Meyerheim at the Berlin Academy. Study visits to Rome, Florence, Paris.
  2. ↑ Stephanie Leah Buchholz: I wish I had known you better. 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-1714-4 , p. 216
  3. ↑ a b [1] Hitler speaks! : 35 drawings of his speeches and their consequences. Heinz Buchholz, DNB signature: D 88b / 12682, German Exile Archive: EB Kb 867 signature: EB Kb 867
personal data
SURNAME Buchholz, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Swedish painter and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH 4th September 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 1984
Place of death Landskrona