Herbarius Moguntinus

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Herbarius moguntinus 1484. Title page
Herbarius moguntinus 1484, Chapter XII. Artemisia Bifoiſz . Left: recto. Right: verso

Herbarius Moguntinus (Latin; Mainzer herb book ) or (according to his preface referred to as) Aggregator practicus de simplicibus is called an illustrated Latin herb book that wasprinted in1484 by Peter Schöffer in Mainz (Latin Moguntia ). Together with the German herb book Gart der Gesundheit (Peter Schöffer, Mainz 1485) and the Latin Hortus sanitatis (Jacobus Meydenbach, Mainz 1491), Herbarius Moguntinus belongs to the so-called " group of the Mainz herb book incunabula " and is named after the Roman pseudo-Apuleius - The first illustrated herbal book incunabulum was printed in 1481/1483.

Since Herbarius moguntinus mainly describes medicinal products of plant origin ("herbs") and, to a lesser extent, medicinal products of animal and mineral origin, the work is assigned to the literary genre "herb book".

Author (compiler)

The author or compiler is not known for sure. The book was wrongly attributed to Arnaldus de Villanova due to the misinterpretation of the title page from a reprint (Vicenca 1491) . The Frankfurt city doctor Johann Wonnecke von Kaub is named as a possible but not confirmed author (compiler) .

Following a Pseudo-Apuleius print published in 1483, the Herbarius Moguntinus represents the second illustrated herbal book incunabulum .

content

Well-known medieval encyclopedias, such as the book Liber pandectarum medicinae omnia medicine simplicia continens by Matthaeus Silvaticus (14th century) and the Speculum naturale by Vincent de Beauvais (13th century), served as the primary sources of Herbarius moguntinus .

The first part comprises 150 chapters, in which medicinal plants that grow in the wild or that can be cultivated in Germany are dealt with through pictures and text. In 23 chapters two, and in three further chapters even three different species are dealt with, so that a total of 184 plant species results. These were determined by B. and H. Baumann (2010, pp. 104-109).

In the second part, 96 other medicinal products, including those of foreign origin, are presented in abbreviated form. Illustrations are missing in the second part.

Illustrations in Herbarius moguntinus (selection). Mainz 1484

Editions and translations

  • Mainz. Peter Schöffer 1484.
  • Lions . Johann Veldener. The Herbarius in Dyetsche. 1484.
  • Lions . Johann Veldener 1485-86.
  • Leipzig. Markus Brand 1484.
  • Passau. Anonymous 1485.
  • Passau. Anonymous 1486.
  • Passau. Anonymous 1486 (further edition).
  • Paris. Anonymous 1486.
  • Vicenca. Achates et Gul. Papia 1491.
  • Venice. Bevilaqua (Simon Papia) 1499.
  • Venice. Francesco Bindoni and Maffeo Pasini. Herbolario volgare. 1536

literature

  • Brigitte Baumann, Helmut Baumann . The Mainz herb book incunabula - "Herbarius Moguntinus" (1484) - "Garden of Health" (1485) - "Hortus Sanitatis" (1491). Scientific historical investigation of the three prototypes of botanical-medical literature of the late Middle Ages. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2010, pp. 99-109 ISBN 978-3-7772-1020-9
  • Hermann Fischer . Medieval botany. Verlag der Münchner Drucke. Munich 1929, pp. 74-79.
  • Gundolf Keil : 'Herbarius Moguntinus' ('Aggregator practicus de simplicibus'; 'Herbarius latinus'). In: Burghart Wachinger et al. (Hrsg.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, ISBN 3-11-022248-5 , Volume 3: Gert van der Schüren - Hildegard von Bingen. Berlin / New York 1981, Sp. 1017-1025.
  • Arnold C. Klebs : Herbal facts and thoughts. L'art ancien SA, Lugano 1925.
  • Arnold C. Klebs: Incunabula scientifica et medica. Bruges 1938 (reprinted by Olms, Hildesheim 2004), pp. 169–170.
  • Ulrich Stoll: 'Herbarius Moguntinus'. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 571 f.

Web links
Commons : Herbarius Moguntinus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Keil and P. Dilg. Herbal books . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Metzler, Stuttgart 1999, Volume V, Sp. 1476-1480-
  2. ↑ Herbarius moguntinus . Edition Vicenza 1491. Title page ( picture link )
  3. ↑ Gundolf Keil: 'Gart der Gesundheit'. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon. 2nd Edition. Volume 2, Berlin / New York 1980, ISBN 3-11-007699-3 , Sp. 1072-1092, here: Sp. 1073.
  4. ↑ Matthew (Silvaticus) Moretus. Liber pandectarum medicinae omnia medicine simplicia continens . Bologna 1474 Bavarian State Library Matthaeus (Silvaticus) Moretus. Liber pandectarum medicinae . Strasbourg around 1480 (digitized version)
  5. ↑ Vincentius. Speculum naturale. Strasbourg 1481. Volume I Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Volume II (digitized version)
  6. ↑ Brigitte Baumann, Helmut Baumann : The Mainz herb book incunabula - "Herbarius Moguntinus" (1484) - "Gart der Gesundheit" (1485) - "Hortus Sanitatis" (1491). Scientific historical investigation of the three prototypes of botanical-medical literature of the late Middle Ages. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 2010, p. 100.
  7. ↑ Mainz. Peter Schöffer 1484. Part I (digitized version)
  8. ↑ Mainz. Peter Schöffer 1484. Part I and II (digitized version) . Part I (digitized version)
  9. ↑ lions . Johann Veldener 1485-6. Part I and II (digitized version)
  10. ↑ Leipzig. Markus Brand . Part I and II (digitized version)
  11. ↑ Explicit sheet 230v: Magistri Albici arte medici nec non ecclesie pragens archiepiscopi Regimen sanitatis quod alio nomine Uetularius nuncupatur finit feliciter Imprint in Lipczk per Marcum brand Anno lxxxiiij. xxvi the Mens Augusti.
  12. ↑ Passau. Anonymous 1485. Part I and II (digitized version)
  13. ↑ Passau. Anonymous 1486. ​​Part I and II (digitized version)
  14. ↑ Passau. Anonymous 1486 (further edition). Part I and II (digitized version)
  15. ↑ Vicenca. Achates et Gul. Papia 1491. Incomplete copy (digitized)
  16. ↑ Venice. Bevilaqua (Simon Papia) 1499. Part I and II (digitized version)
  17. ↑ Herbolario volgare, nel quale se dimostra a conoscer le herbe et le sue virtu ... Venice 1536 (digitized version ) 19 additional chapters therein . See also: Hermann Fischer 1929, pp. 78–79